Caused by China's resource problems (energy shortages) for many reasons, respectively, from natural factors and perceived factors of the analysis of the three points are?

Natural factors:

One, the total amount of energy in China is large, but the population is large, per capita possession is small

Two, China's geographical distribution of resources is not balanced, there are more in the west than in the east and so on.

Man-made reasons:?

One, China's energy consumption.

Two, China's low level of science and technology, low utilization of resources, wasteful.

Three, the limited exploitation of resources.

Principles for solving China's energy shortage situation:

1. Balance the sustainability of energy and national economic competitiveness sustainability

China's economic and social development has entered a stage of massive consumption of energy, and its own energy is poor, and the formation of the international political and economic environment around the energy is complex, which determines that we must pay attention to energy conservation, support the development of renewable energy, in order to realize the sustainable development of energy consumption. This determines that we must pay attention to energy conservation and support the development of renewable energy in order to realize the sustainability of energy consumption. On the one hand, it is necessary to promote energy conservation as the core objective and support the development of renewable energy in order to realize sustainable energy consumption. The Central Authorities have already put forward the requirement of building a conservation-oriented society. On the other hand, it must also take into account the sustainability of the country's economic competitiveness, and respect the historical inevitability of the formation of China's high energy-consuming economic structure at the current stage, so as not to blindly pursue the decline in energy consumption per unit of GDP and the development of renewable energy.

2. Strengthen the market mechanism, promote institutional safeguards, the formation of a good energy market operating mechanism

Weber believed that a material interest in each other's social relations, is a relationship based on an agreed upon or intrinsic value of the pure beliefs of the relationship, based on considerations of interest and the establishment of the relationship based on the free exchange of agreements. According to Rawls, society is an in. Curtain of Ignorance 4 members to each other. The adventure of cooperation". According to institutional economics, institutions provide the framework within which people operate and within which humans are able to interact. Institutions define the relationships of cooperation and competition that make up a society, or economic order.

Whether it is an agreement for free exchange, an adventure in mutual cooperation, or a framework defined by institutions, the society in which human activities take place must exist as a kind of order, with a set of rules that justify the existence of the order and maintain its functioning. Energy as a core element of social development, energy as the object of human utilization, can not escape the fate of being regulated." All institutional arrangements have the potential to affect the efficiency of income distribution and resource allocation." For all kinds of energy to establish a complete property rights system, to avoid "*** have the tragedy of the Commons" (Tragedy of the Commons) to strengthen the market competition, the formation of a good market operation order, is China's solution to the shortage of problems must follow the principle.

3. Based on domestic, efficiency-based

As a strategic security and people's lives are closely related to energy, in strengthening energy cooperation with the rest of the world at the same time, blood focus based on the domestic. At present, China's energy self-sufficiency rate than the average value of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries more than 20 percentage points higher. It is an important principle of China's approach to solving energy shortages to open up new sources of income and reduce expenditure, utilize science and technology, explore new and alternative sources of energy, accelerate the exploitation and use of renewable energy, explore the use of energy sources other than fossil energy, improve energy and utilization efficiency, and carry out cleaner production, rational consumption and maintain a moderate population. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a resource conservation movement sprang up in the United States with the 'wise use.' The slogan of the United States to maintain the continuation of the United States first in the world order. China, as a developing country moving towards industrialization, should pay more attention to the guidance of national policies in the field of energy, advocating the construction of ecological civilization, environmental energy construction to the height of modernization project.

Measures to alleviate energy shortages:

(a) attach great importance to conservation, and actively carry out energy conservation work

China's energy conservation work started relatively late. Although much progress has been made, but there are still gaps and deficiencies. Far from adapting to the new situation and new tasks. In order to better promote the rational use of energy in China and the full use. It is necessary to learn from foreign energy utilization and energy saving advanced practices and successful experience. Mandatory implementation of energy efficiency labeling system in the field of production and the promotion of cleaner production technology. Increase the supervision and inspection of energy-saving work. Encourage enterprises to adopt new energy sources and energy-saving technologies and equipment. Comprehensively promote and popularize energy-saving technologies in the field of consumption. Reasonably guide consumption and encourage the consumption of energy-saving products. Gradually form an energy-saving consumption pattern.

There are two other aspects to be noted in carrying out energy-saving work. First, the government example. The government in addition to a deep understanding of the urgency and importance of energy conservation, from the system, the legal system, institutions, mechanisms, policies, organizations, publicity, science and technology to take resolute measures. Formulate and implement planning, laws and regulations. Do a good job of supervision, management and guidance; the government should start from themselves, from the first to set up a sense of conservation. To energy saving, water saving, land saving, car saving, office cost saving and other aspects of the first to set an example. For example, in the promotion of resource-saving products and technologies, the government should give priority to purchase. The government's priority purchasing on the one hand can promote the market promotion of such products, provide financial assistance to enterprises, on the other hand, can make an example for the whole society, drive the whole society to save. Second, publicity and education. In promoting China's energy saving 1 = for the in-depth development, but also must rely on the active participation of enterprises and the public, therefore, through a variety of media tools and publicity and education to cultivate public awareness of energy saving. To fully mobilize the majority of enterprises and the public to participate in energy-saving activities.

(2) vigorously develop new energy technology and energy-saving technology science and technology is the first productive forces

In energy conservation, science and technology should also, and must play the role of the due "first productive forces". Generally speaking. Should be played from two aspects of science and technology in the role of energy conservation: on the one hand, actively research and development and utilization of new energy technologies and energy-saving technologies. Science and technology is a powerful guarantee to promote energy conservation. It can greatly enhance the ability of the whole society to save energy. In the process of solving the problem of energy shortage, the government should subsidize enterprises to develop new energy and energy-saving technology research, so that enterprises will pay attention to the development and utilization of new energy technology and energy-saving technology. In addition. Consideration can be given to the intellectual property law, bankruptcy law and other relevant laws on the new energy enterprise research and development and production and operation to make protective provisions for the new energy development of market-oriented operation to provide a good market environment, to ensure that the scale of new energy development and sustainable development. On the other hand. Accelerate the development and promotion of new energy-saving products. The government can unite enterprises, subsidize new energy development enterprises, release new energy utilization plans and other positive policies, while the state investment demonstration zones and enterprises. Support the development of new energy-saving products through multiple channels and fields. Increase the transformation of new energy technologies and energy-saving technologies into energy-saving products. In addition . The government can also provide subsidies for the installation of new energy equipment such as solar, wind and bioenergy in buildings. Allocate annual funds for the training of managers related to new energy and new energy-saving products, and introduce policies such as subsidizing the purchase of machines and mandating the purchase of green home appliances. Promote the application of new energy and new energy-saving products.

(C) Increase economic restructuring

Energy conservation is not just a micro-level issue. First of all, it is a macro-level matter . That is, it is the structure of the national economy. Today's conditions of the times and the international environment determines that our country can not take the old road of industrialization of pollution first and then governance: the large population, the basic national conditions of insufficient resources per capita determines that our country should not and can not be imitated in a number of developed countries characterized by squandering of resources as a pattern of consumption. We must adhere to the new road of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and vigorously adjust and optimize our industrial structure. On the one hand, we should speed up the development of the tertiary industry and raise its proportion and level. And optimize the internal structure of the secondary industry and vigorously promote the integration of information technology and industrialization. Upgrade high-tech industries. Restrict the development of high-energy-consuming and high-polluting industries. Specific measures such as: to set energy consumption standards for different industries, and increase the price and charge for exceeding the energy consumption standards; to eliminate the backward technology, technology and facilities and equipment within a limited period of time, and to encourage the industries and enterprises to adopt the advanced technology and equipment; and to continue to shut down the enterprises with uneconomical scales, especially the large energy-consuming enterprises, and to improve the economic management level of the enterprises: at the same time, it is necessary to increase the recycling of the wastes generated from the economic activities, and so on. On the other hand, the rational layout of industry. Can be in accordance with the principle of local conditions, the relatively large energy-consuming industries try to arrange in the relatively abundant energy resources in the north. And energy-consuming small industries placed in the relatively poor energy resources in the South, which can make the national energy resources can be coordinated. Reduce such as "northern coal south transportation" and other projects. Can also make the national railroad and other transportation system tension can be eased.

(D) the formation of a reasonable energy price mechanism

The price of electricity, for example, and the world's major countries to compare the level of electricity prices: 2006. The highest industrial electricity prices in the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Italy and other top 10 countries in 14 cents / kWh ~ 23 cents, kWh between China's industrial electricity prices 6.47 cents, kWh. It can be seen that the level of electricity prices in China is relatively low. The same is true for all other energy prices. Energy prices have long been lower than the cost of resources and do not accurately reflect the degree of resource scarcity. The resulting price distortion inevitably gives the wrong market signals. In the face of consistently wrong price signals, it will be more difficult for China to realize the goal of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society. The high rate of export growth on this basis is also tantamount to China subsidizing consumers around the world by depleting itself. Therefore, there is an urgent need to liberalize the energy market, so that prices can reflect the scarcity of energy resources, so that energy resources can be rationally utilized and fully used.

The energy price formation mechanism needs to be improved and perfected. The establishment of cost constraints, promote enterprises to reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency. In a market economy, energy prices should reflect market supply and demand and resource scarcity, mainly by the market pricing. First, improve the power time-sharing pricing method, guide users to use electricity rationally and economically, and continue to implement differential tariffs. And expand the scope of implementation; Second, the implementation of oil comprehensive supporting price adjustment program, and gradually rationalize the domestic refined oil prices; Third, comprehensively promote the market-oriented reform of coal prices; Fourth, continue to promote the reform of natural gas prices, the establishment of natural gas and alternative sources of energy prices linked to the dynamic adjustment mechanism; Fifth, actively promote the commercialization of urban heating, monetization, and study the development of energy consumption over the limit of the increase in the price of the policy.

(V) Improve the energy reserve system and participate in international cooperation

The energy market is facing obvious economic variables and global uncertainties. New risk factors continue to emerge, including terrorist attacks on energy facilities and energy trade chokepoints. And political unrest in oil-producing countries. In many cases, these changes are compounded by market volatility. Therefore. There is a need to build up energy reserves to cope with energy problems. Energy reserves in emergency situations are the most effective way to cope with possible short-term supply fluctuations. Energy reserves include energy product reserves and energy resource reserves, the former including oil, natural gas, natural uranium products, etc., and the latter including resources such as oil, natural gas, natural uranium, and special and rare types of coal. The state should establish and improve the energy reserve system. In order to standardize the construction and management of energy reserves, improve the ability to handle energy emergencies and guarantee the security of energy supply.

In dealing with energy shortages. To continue to adhere to the basic policy based on domestic. Increase domestic resource exploration efforts. Strengthen the development and utilization of coal, oil and natural gas, actively develop hydroelectric resources, accelerate the development of nuclear power, and encourage the development of new energy and renewable energy. Optimize the energy structure. At the same time, it is more important to actively carry out international cooperation on energy resources, making full use of the international and domestic markets and resources. In accordance with the "energy conservation priority, efficiency-oriented; coal-based, diversified development; based on the domestic, overseas; urban and rural areas, a rational layout; relying on science and technology, innovative systems; environmental protection, security" of the energy medium- and long-term development plan. Support for energy enterprises to use overseas energy resources and open up overseas markets: encourage enterprises to participate in international technology exchanges, *** with the development and utilization of alternative energy and renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, the development of clean fuels: actively organize the parties concerned to properly resolve energy disputes through dialogue and consultation. This will strongly defuse conflicts caused by energy shortages.

(F) Establishment of a new energy and renewable energy development fund with Chinese characteristics

The development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy is an important measure to protect the environment and cope with climate change, and it is an important choice to open up new areas of economic growth, promote economic transformation, and expand social employment. Development and utilization of new and renewable energy is the implementation of the scientific concept of development, the construction of resource-saving society's basic requirements. And in July 2008 in Nanning, Guangxi held the World Energy Council Asian region work conference, a number of Chinese and foreign energy experts mentioned at the same time, China's current development of renewable energy is facing four major problems: First, the development of renewable energy necessity and value of the whole society's understanding has not yet done a real unity. Second, the development and utilization of renewable energy on a small scale. The total amount of investment is insufficient. Single direction. Third, the scientific research investment is not enough, the lack of scientific and technological talent, the development of renewable energy technology support capacity is weak. Fourth, supporting policies and services support system lags behind. Lead to renewable energy development is still a high threshold, high cost, high risk areas, social capital is difficult to enter.

In the face of new energy and renewable energy development and utilization of some of the problems. From the experience of Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries. The establishment of new energy and renewable energy development fund is a good way to solve the problem. Combined with China's national conditions. China's energy conservation and renewable energy development fund should be established on the basis of laws and regulations to protect the construction of fair and competitive scientific management mode, focusing on the fund's leverage and cost-effectiveness . To achieve the development goal of promoting China's energy saving industrialization and renewable energy scale. The main financing method of the fund can take the form of collecting funds by paying electricity surcharges by electricity users. In line with the principle of "who pollutes who pays". Reflect its fairness. Easily understood and accepted by the public in China: at the same time, it breaks the traditional way of relying solely on government investment. Easily adopted by the government. China's fund size should be based on energy conservation and renewable energy "Eleventh Five-Year" development plan and the 2020 vision. Taking into account the actual situation in China, the use of the fund should be combined with the key and priority energy-saving and renewable energy projects that need to be supported by the national incentive policy. When China establishes the fund, it should also give full consideration to the problems and drawbacks that have arisen in the implementation of the fund in foreign countries, so that appropriate and effective countermeasures can be taken.

(VII) Strengthen the energy-saving legal system

For a long time. China's serious waste. One of the very important reasons is that waste is only disciplinary not criminal. Sometimes waste is not even a disciplinary offense. It is necessary to use the power of the legal system to increase the waste of energy resources behavior of punishment. Can be from the following two aspects to promote energy conservation:

First of all, to increase the supervision and inspection of energy conservation work. Focus on checking the energy use of high energy-consuming enterprises and public **** facilities . The same fixed-asset investment project energy-saving assessment and review of the situation, prohibit the elimination of equipment off-site reuse of the situation, as well as product energy-efficiency standards and labels, building energy-saving design standards, the implementation of industry design specifications and so on. Energy-consuming products that do not meet the minimum energy-efficiency standards. May not be factory sales. Up to the building energy efficiency standards of the building is not allowed to open T construction and sales. Strictly prohibit the production, sale and use of state-ordered out of high energy-consuming products. To crack down on illegal trade in scrapped old motor vehicles and ships and so on.

Secondly, it is necessary to improve the system of energy-saving laws and regulations and standards. Further improve the Energy Conservation Law and formulate a strict energy-saving management system. Research and development of "industrial energy conservation management regulations", "public **** facilities energy-saving design standards" and other supporting industry regulations . Accelerate the organization of the formulation and improvement of energy consumption access standards for major energy-consuming industries, energy-saving design specifications, and the formulation and improvement of energy-efficiency standards for major industrial energy-consuming equipment, motor vehicles, buildings, household appliances, etc., as well as energy-consumption standards for energy-consuming equipment in public **** facilities. Each region should, in accordance with the unified requirements of the state, study and formulate local energy consumption standards for major energy-consuming products and large-scale public **** buildings.