What are the characteristics of kiln dwellings in the Yellow River Basin?

Digging kiln holes on loess is characterized by simple construction and easy construction. The thicker layer of loess on the kiln can keep warm, insulated, warm in winter and cool in summer. The general kiln is about 3 meters wide and 5 meters deep, and some large kilns are up to 20 meters deep. This kind of kiln is divided into front and back rooms, the front room is used as a hall and kitchen, and the back room is a bedroom. In order to increase the use of space, some kilns have niches dug into the walls and beds are set up. If the soil quality is good, the hole can be enlarged to become a branch hole perpendicular to the kiln body. In some cases, the walls of the kiln are very high, so the kiln is dug on top of the kiln, making it a two-story kiln called a "tianyao" (heavenly kiln). Sky kiln and the ground with a ramp or brick ladder connected to the ground, you can also dig holes in the interior up and down through.