Knowledge of opera.

Opera China's six major opera genres: Peking Opera, Yueju Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera, Yu Opera, Qinqiang

China's various ethnic regions of the opera genres, there are about 360 kinds of traditional repertoire of tens of thousands of plays. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the emergence of many adapted traditional repertoire, the new historical drama and modern theater to express the themes of modern life, are warmly welcomed by the majority of the audience. The more popular and famous types of opera are: Kunqu, Cantonese opera, Sichuan opera, Huai opera, Jin opera, Han opera, Xiang opera, Chao opera, Min opera, Qi opera, Putian opera, Hebei opera, Hunan flower drums, Lv opera, flower-drum opera, Huizhou opera, Shanghai opera and other more than 50 types of theater.

Characteristics of Opera

Peking Opera

Peking Opera (Peking Opera) is one of China's operatic genres. It originated in the mid-nineteenth century in the capital city of Beijing, and enjoyed unprecedented prosperity in the court of the Qing Dynasty. It is considered to be a national treasure of China, as it is characterized by its predominantly western and erhuang cadences, accompanied by huqin and gongs. In the 55th year of the Qianlong reign (1790), four Huiban from southern China entered Beijing one after another. The first Hui troupe to enter Beijing was the "Sanqing", which mainly sang the "Erhuang" sound, and because of its rich sound and repertoire, it gradually overpowered the Qinqiang, which was prevalent in Beijing at the time. Many of the Qin Opera performers transferred to the Hui Opera, resulting in the fusion of the two styles. Subsequently, three other Anhui classes: "Si Xi", "Chuntai" and "He Chun" also came to Beijing, causing the decline of the Kun Opera, which had been popular for many years, and the actors of the Kun Opera also transferred to the Anhui classes. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Hubei actors came to Beijing and brought Chu tunes (Han tunes and Xipi tunes), which created a merger of Xipi and Erhuang in the capital with Huiban, forming the so-called "Pihuang Opera". At this time, the Pihuang Opera formed in the capital was influenced by Beijing's voice and accent, and was characterized by the "Beijing sound". Later, because they often performed in Shanghai, the Shanghai people called this kind of Pihuang Opera with the characteristics of Beijing "Peking Opera", also called "Peking Opera". And because of the rapid development of Peking Opera in Beijing, so that its artistic level in China's top of the opera, and later popular in all of China, so also known as the "National Opera".

Peking Opera is one of the opera genres formed in Beijing, with a history of nearly two hundred years. It is on the basis of Anhui opera and Han opera, absorbing the Kunqu opera, Qinqiang and some other types of opera and drama advantages and strengths gradually evolved and formed. Hui Opera was introduced to Beijing in 1790 (the 55th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty), and the earliest Hui Opera troupe to enter the capital was the famous "Sanqing Troupe" from Anhui Province. Subsequently came to the capital and the "four happy", "and spring", "spring Taiwan" classes, collectively known as the "four Huiban".

The formal formation of Beijing opera is about the Daoguang twenty years (1840) after the event, when the Beijing opera version of the various singing styles have been initially available, the language characteristics of Beijing opera has been formed, in the role of the line of work has appeared new changes, has a number of repertoire with the characteristics of the Beijing opera, Beijing opera, the first generation of actors have appeared: Yu Sheng three, Zhang Erkui, Cheng Changgeng known as the old man! The first generation of Peking Opera actors had also appeared: Yu Shengsan, Zhang Erkui and Cheng Changgeng were known as the "Three Tripods", and there was also Lu Shengkui, a Peking Opera actor and writer. Cheng Changgeng is the representative figure of this period, he in the fusion of Han tune, Hui tune and absorbed the Kunqu to transform and improve, than the same period of other Peking Opera actors made more efforts, the formation of the Peking Opera performing arts contributed a lot to the development of Peking Opera in the later generations of the influence of the development of Peking Opera has played a great role.

Peking Opera music belongs to the plate cavity, the main singing cavity has two systems of Erhuang and Xipi, so Peking Opera is also known as "Pihuang". Peking Opera is also known as "Pihuang". There are also common singing styles such as "Nan Bang", "Siping Tune", "Gao Bak Zi" and "Blowing Cavity". The traditional repertoire of Peking Opera is more than 1,000, and there are more than 300 to 400 repertoires in regular performances, of which a considerable number are written by Peking Opera artists and folk writers one after another, in addition to those from the Hui Opera, the Han Opera, the Kunqu Opera and the Qin Opera. Peking Opera specializes in political and military struggles with historical themes, and most of the stories are taken from historical dramas and novels. There are both the whole book of the play, there are also a large number of folding plays, in addition to some of the stage book play.

Peking Opera roles are strictly divided into seven lines: sheng, dan, jing, last, chou, wu xing, and popular (dragon set), which later became the four major lines of sheng, dan, jing, and chou.

Since the formation of Peking Opera, a large number of outstanding actors and actresses have emerged, who have contributed to the innovation and development of Peking Opera's singing and performance, as well as the repertoire and character modeling, forming a number of highly influential genres. For example, there were many outstanding actors and actresses, such as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Tan Xinpei, Wang Guihua Fen, Sun Juxian, Wang Xiaonong, Liu Hongsheng, Wang Hongshou, Yu Shuyan, Gao Qingkui, Yan Jupeng, Zhou Xinfang, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baoshen, Tan Fuying, Li Shaochun, etc.; the youngest actor, Xu Xiaoxiang, Cheng Jixian, Jiang Miaoxiang, Ye Shenglang, etc.; the kaoqin actor, Yu Jusheng, Huang Yueshan, Li Chunlai, Yang Xiaolou, Gai Jiatian, Shang Heyu and Li Huilang, etc.; and the danjia actors, Mei Qiaoling, Yu Ziyun, Tian Guifeng, and Li Huiliang. In addition, there are also famous qin masters such as Sun Yuchen, Yu Jusheng, Huang Yueshan, Li Chunlai, Yang Xiaolou, Gai Jitian, Shang Heyu, Li Huiliang; dan actors such as Mei Qiaoling, Yu Ziyun, Tian Guifeng, Chen Delin, Wang Yaohuqing, Meilanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Ouyang Yuqian, Feng Zihe, Xiao Cuihua, Zhang Junqiu, and so on; old dan artists such as Gong Yunfu, and Li Duoqui; pure dan actors such as Mu Fengshan, Huang Runfu, He Guishan, Qiu Guixian, Jin Shaoxuan and Qiu Shengrong; and clown actors such as Liu Cusan and Yang Mingyu, who originally worked as a kunju and then joined the Beijing troupe. In addition, there are famous piano players such as Sun Yuchen, Mei Tian, Xu Lanyuan, Wang Shaoqing, Yang Baozhong, etc., and famous drummers such as Hang Zihe, Bai Dengyun and Wang Xieyuan.

Classical repertoire:

Farewell My Concubine (Mei School), The Legend of the White Snake, Dingjunshan, Drunkenness of Concubine (Dan Opera), The Meeting of the Heroes, Borrowing the East Wind (Su Sheng), Yutang Chun (Cheng School), Nine Pieces of Clothes, Wen Zhaoguan, Wangjiang Pavilion, Xu Ce Running to the City, Regulator's Door Chopping off the Sons, Silang Visiting the Mother, Red Mane Fiery Horses (all of them), The Locking of Lin Pouches, Visiting the Yinshan Mountain, The Female General of the Yang Clan, The Return of Wen Ji to the Han Dynasty, Luo Cheng Calling for Guan, and Meng Lijun, Traveling to the Upper Forest(Folding Opera), Zhao's Orphan, Xie Yaohuan ......

Appraisal Opera

The opera was formed in Tangshan in the first year of the Xuantong reign in the Qing Dynasty (1909), so it was also known as Tangshan Rakugo. In the twelfth year of the People's Republic of China (1923), the Police World Opera Society, which created the opera, performed in Tianjin, because many of its plays had the new ideas of "punishing evil and promoting good", "warning the world and transforming people", and "commenting on the past and present". New ideas, the famous Lv Haihuan suggestion, renamed "appraisal of opera"; Republic of China in 25 years, the famous actress Bai Yushang in Shanghai to shoot a movie version of "Begonia", the press will be appraisal of the title of the opera contained in the "Ta Kung Pao", and from then on, appraisal of the name of the opera is widely disseminated in the country. The opera originated from the Jidong folk songs and dances "Yangge", Yangge is one of the main forms of folk activities in the new lunar calendar, by the two colorful dress, song and dance, group singing and dancing, drums and gongs, suona or bamboo music accompanied by the Qin, to sing the folk life stories, historical figures, four seasons scenery as the main content.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many people who sang rice-planting songs as their profession, and the tunes they sang were mainly Lotus Flower Drop. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yangge drew on the shadow of Leiting, drum book, etc., and then evolved into the "bungee opera" with local characteristics of Jidong. In the early stage of bungee opera, there were two small plays (once a clown), singing and dancing; there were more than a hundred kinds of plays, with a certain storyline and characters running through the beginning and the end, and the third person in narrative form was its main feature. Music is also the transition to the form of plate accent. Because the tunes sung by the bungee artists are mainly Lotus Flower Drop, and the bamboo board (sectional board) is used to beat the rhythm, so there is a mixture of bungee opera and Lotus Flower Drop. The form of the performance is to start with a group chorus of "Four Happiness Songs" and then lead to the main opera. After the twentieth year of the Daoguang period (1840), the number of peasants making a living by practicing Bopping Opera increased, and a large number of artists singing Bopping Opera emerged. Due to the different local dialects and areas of activity of the artists, the eastern, western and northern trampoline operas were formed. Between the sixth and twenty-sixth years of the Guangxu period (1880-1990), many semi-professional and professional bansha appeared. The excellent bungee artists in the banshe competed with each other, exchanged ideas and learned from each other, thus promoting the continuous development of the bungee opera, and advancing the counterpart colorful singing of two small operas to the stage of three small operas (i.e., the dismantling of the opera). Folding out of the play by the three-person person into the first person, the script by the rap body evolved into a spokesman for the body, the emergence of a small theater type of play, the performance also began to have a simple division of the foot line, the performance of the performance in addition to a certain degree to maintain the traditional Yangge dance movement, in some plays began to introduce simulation of real-life realistic action, but also began to emulate the program of the large types of action. However, they are not bound by the strict rules of the program, and their movements are relatively free.

The recitation is based on the local language of Tangshan, which is slightly rhymed. The music of the singing, the first plate cavity style. With a slow board, two six boards, small sad tune, lock plate, etc.; accompanied by Qin, to Banhu main, and also use the suona, flute; knuckle-breaking musical instruments got rid of the bamboo boards, replaced by jujube wooden clappers and borrowed from the Hebei clapper gongs through the Kai Qin to pull the Banhu stomping as a command to command the band accompanied by the Qin. Stage facilities only a table, two chairs and "old-fashioned", nothing else. There are more than one hundred kinds of plays, most of which are derived from two small plays, or shadow scrolls, clappers' scripts. The other part is based on the folk real life, current rumors, ancient and modern legends, historical novels, children's books and drums written. In the folding out of the opera period, the Qing dynasty Guangxu thirty-four years, due to Guangxu, Cixi's death, the Qing government ordered a 100-day ban on entertainment activities, resulting in bungee jumping opera classes in a state of paralysis, more than disintegration. In the fall of the same year, some artists set up the Qingchun Society. In order to prevent the authorities from banning performances, it was modeled after the opera model on the folding out of the opera for a comprehensive reform, a large number of draw from the clapper plates and gongs and drums, so that the bungee jumping opera has a large-scale prototype of the opera. The reformed bungee opera was named "Pingqiang Bangkang Opera". In the first year of the Xuantong era, the Yongsheng Tea Plantation was built in Tangshan, and the Qingchun Society was invited to do the opening performance, which was warmly welcomed by the workers and the audience, and from then on, the Qingchun Society stood on its feet in Tangshan. In order to consolidate the position of Yangtan Opera in the city, the artists of the society made great efforts to write and arrange new plays, and up to the first year of the Republic of China, the large-scale repertoire created, adapted and transplanted had amounted to more than thirty, and at the same time, they also improved the performance line, the singing style and the system of accompanying Qin, which made the Yangtan Opera have a brand-new artistic style. So far, the folk opera which was nurtured in the mother body of Yangge finally stood out in the early years of the Republic of China with a new posture, which was called Tangshan Luzi, and later named as Pingju Opera. Modern operas such as Yang Sanjie's Complaint and An Chonggen's Assassination of Iten Bowen faced the real life of the society and were based on current news, which were very influential at that time. October 1, 1949, the Chinese people **** and the establishment of the country, in the party's "a hundred flowers blossom, push the new" policy guidelines, the review of the opera presented a prosperous scene; there are many provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions set up a review of the opera art groups, so that the review of the opera jumped to become a large national drama. Yang Sanjie's Complaint", also known as "Shooting Gao Zhanying". The play is based on a true story. In the seventh year of the Republic of China, Gao Zhanying, the son of a rich gentleman, married a poor girl, Yang Ersi, who became a rogue and committed adultery with his sister-in-law Pei and his fifth sister-in-law Jinyu. The second sister persuaded her husband to change his ways, and Gao then harboring a grudge. The adulterous couple conspired to kill the second sister. Third sister Yang Yu'e in mourning in the discovery of suspicion, is to go to Luan County to sue, the county officials take bribes, resulting in the loss of the third sister. The third sister was not convinced and sued the General Office of Zhili (Tianjin), and the struggle was finally won. Gao Zhanying is executed by gunshot. This play was first performed in 1919 at the Qingfeng Theater in Harbin. The play was first published in 1929 by Cheng Wenxin Bookstore as "The Great View of Opera Review"; and in December 1957 by China Drama Publishing House as "Selected Plays of Cheng Zhaocai", the play was also included in the collection. The story of Flowers as Matchmaker is found in Liaozhai Zhiyi (Liaozhai Zhiyi - Parasites). It is written that Wang Junqing and his cousin Li Yue'e are in love with each other, but Yue'e's father refuses to allow the marriage, and Junqing becomes sick with longing. Ruan Ma, a matchmaker, chooses Zhang Wuko, and plans to meet in the garden. Zhang and Wang fall in love at first sight. On the day of their marriage, Yue E's mother sends Yue E to Wang's house while her husband is out of town, and Chun Ching then marries his second wife. This drama was first performed by the Qingchun Pingqiang Clapper Class in Shengchayuan, Tangshan, in 1914, the third year of the Republic of China. It was later included in the second collection of The Complete Book of Opera Reviews. The famous Yueju Opera Jade Dragonfly Review Opera performing artists include Xin Fengxia, Zhao Lirong and so on.

Vietnamese Opera

Its predecessor was the "floor singing book" popular in Sheng County, Zhejiang Province, which gradually developed into the "women's Shaoxing literary opera" in the 1930s.

In the early 1940s, women's Yueju Opera flourished in Shanghai, drawing on the nourishment of Kun Opera and Drama, and gradually matured. The old generation of artists, represented by Yin Guifang, Xu Yulan, Wang Wenjuan and Yuan Xuefen, were cared for by the Communist Party of China (CPC) at an early stage, and carried out bold reforms in the system and art, and the performance of the new Vietnamese opera "Sisterhood of the Xianglin" was a milestone in the history of the development of Yueju Opera. It is this group of old artists' courageous reform, positive innovation, on the basis of inheritance of tradition, according to their own conditions, to draw on the strengths of their own unique style, and gradually formed a school of Yueju Opera with different artistic characteristics.

Since the founding of New China, under the guidance of the Party's literary policy, Yueju Opera has entered a golden period of great development, and created "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Dream of the Red Mansion", "The Story of the Western Chamber", which have gained a great reputation at home and abroad, and "The Love Detective", "Chasing the Fish", "Chunxiang Biography", "Meng Lijun", "Southeast Flight of the Peacock", "He Wenshou", "The Prince of the Desert", "Nine Pieces of Clothes", "The Jade Dragonflies", etc., which have become excellent preserved plays. Excellent reserved plays, of which "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Love Detective", "Chasing Fish", "Jasper Hairpin", "Dream of the Red Mansion" was also filmed into a movie and other batches of excellent plays.

In the mid-1980s, the Zhejiang Little Hundred Flowers Yueju Opera Troupe was founded in Hangzhou, and the phenomenon of "Little Hundred Flowers" emerged in Zhejiang. A large number of outstanding "Little Hundred Flowers" have emerged as a result of this phenomenon. Such as Plum Blossom Award winner Mao Weitao, Plum Blossom Award winner Zhou Yunjuan, Wu Fenghua, etc., they represent a new generation of Yueju Opera artists, blossoming in the Hundred Flowers Garden, heralding the further prosperity and development of the cause of Yueju Opera.

The main theater troupes are Shangyue, Zhebai, Shaobai, Fanghua, Nanyue, etc.

Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera "Dream of Red Mansions" is the main local opera genre in Anhui. Huangmei Opera, originally known as "Huangmei Tune" or "Caicha Opera", is a folk opera formed in the late eighteenth century in Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces adjacent to the region. One of them gradually moved eastward to the Anqing area centered on Huaining County, Anhui Province, and combined with local folk art, sang and spoke in the local language, forming its own characteristics, known as "Huai Cavity" or "Huai Tune". This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera.

In terms of repertoire, it is called "36 big plays, 72 small plays". The main performance of the opera was the people's dissatisfaction with the reality of class oppression, disparity between the rich and the poor and the desire for a free and beautiful life. For example, "Buckwheat", "Sue the grain official", "Tianxian Match", etc. Most of the small plays are about rural laborers. Most of the small plays show the life of rural laborers, such as "point barley", "spinning cotton yarn", "selling bucket".

After the liberation, it has organized and adapted a number of small and large traditional plays, such as "Match with Heavenly Fairy", "Female Emperor's Son-in-law", "Lo Pa Kee", "Half Scissors", "Zhao Guiying", "Tears of a Compassionate Mother", "Three Searches for the Abbot's Mansion", "Nine Garments", etc., and created the mythological play "Cowherd and Weaving Maiden", the historical drama "Loss of Punishment and Decapitation", and the modern plays "Spring Flowers", "Spring Morning in a Small Shop", and "Early Blooming of a Pebble Bud". Among them, "The Pairing of Heavenly Fairies", "Female Emperor's Son-in-law" and "The Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden" have been put on the screen one after another, and have had a great influence both at home and abroad. Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong, Malan, Yang Jun and Han Zaifen are famous actors and actresses of Huangmei Opera.

Theater troupes include Anhui Huangmei Theater Troupe, Anqing Huangmei Theater Troupe, and Hubei Huangmei Theater Troupe

Huai Opera

Huai Opera "Tooth Marks" Huai Opera, also known as Jianghuai Opera, is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai, and some parts of Anhui Province. Huaiju Opera is an old opera of more than two hundred years ago. As early as in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a kind of rap form developed from the family folk's horn and the field song Leilei cavity, planting rice planting tune was popular in the area of Yancheng and Funing, Huai'an and Baoying in Jiangsu Province, and the form of a person singing alone or in pairs with a bamboo board to beat the rhythm. Later, it was combined with the incense play of the folk gods in the north of Jiangsu Province and became known as Jiangbei Xiao Opera. Afterwards, it was influenced by Huizhou Opera and Peking Opera, and gradually enriched its singing style, performance and repertoire to form Huaiju Opera. The language of Huaiju opera is a kind of stage language based on the dialect of today's Jianhu County, which was formed through operaization. The language of Huaiju opera has gradually formed 20 rhyming parts over a long period of time. The singing music of Huaiju Opera is in the form of plate cadences, with [Huai Tune], [La Tune] and [Free Tune] as the three main tunes. The [Huai tune] is high-pitched and exciting, with a strong sense of narrative, and is mostly used for narratives. The [La Tune] is gentle and delicate, with fresh lines, and is suitable for lyrical scenes; the [Free Tune] has a smooth melody, great plasticity, and comprehensive expressive performance. There are some tunes derived around the three main tunes, such as Yiqiqiang, Yeqiqiang, Wearing the Cross, Nanchang Tuning, Xihe Tuning, Huaiwu Sad Tuning, and Dabei Tuning. Huaiju Opera "A River Flows East"

The accompanying instruments of Huaiju Opera are erhu, sanxian, yangqin, flute, suona, etc. The percussion instruments are flat drums, gongs, cymbals, and drums, etc. The percussion instruments of Huaiju Opera include drums, gongs, cymbals, and drums, etc. The percussion instruments of Huaiju Opera include drums, gongs, cymbals, and drums. The percussion instruments are flat drums, Su gongs, cymbals and drums, etc. The percussion instruments have evolved from the folk gongs and drums such as Kirin gongs and Yafu flower drum gongs on the basis of the gongs and drums of the opera.

The classic repertoire of Huaiju Opera: In the early days, there were the "Nine Lotus and Thirteen Ying" (i.e., Qin Xianglian, Blue Yulian, and other nine plays with the word "lotus" and 13 plays with the word "Ying", such as Wang Erying, Gu Fengying, and Su Diying), and the "Ying", which is the most famous opera in China. "The traditional classics of Huai Opera include Meng Lijun, The Story of the Tooth Marks (also known as An Shoubao's Sellout), The Fate of the Jade Cup, The Wedding Dress and Bloodshed (also known as Nine Pieces of Clothes), The Story of the Beaten Bowls, The Mute Woman's Complaint, The Story of Enmity and Vengeance, The Fate of the Cabinet, The Legend of the White Snake, The Fate of Yue Fei, and Sending the Beijing Niang for a Thousand Miles, The Scholar's Robe", "The Official Ban on Civil Lights", and the Qing Palace drama "Blue Qi Gege" are quite influential.

Shanghai Huaiju Troupe, with "The Golden Dragon and the Mayfly" as its symbol, has caused a great deal of excitement in the theater world with its new urban Huaiju opera banner. Nowadays, Jiangsu Huaiju Troupe creates fine works of modern Huaiju opera, "Sun Flower", "A River Flows East", "Meng Lijun", which are also loved by the audience; "Golden Whip", "Xiao Douzhuang Style", which were made into a movie.

Kunqu

Kunqu Peony PavilionKunqu is an ancient opera in China, which was formed in the area of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province around the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and is also known as "Kunshan Cavity". Wei Liangfu, an outstanding opera musician during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, carried out a major reform of the Kunshan accent. He absorbed the various singing styles of the southern opera and the northern opera of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, as well as the folk songs of the south of the Yangtze River and other artistic components, creating a soft and gentle "water-mill accent". At the same time with the selection of the playwright Liang Chenyu specifically for the Kunshan cavity wrote a play "Raccoon Sage", after the performance of the sensational Jiangnan, and quickly became popular throughout the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Kunqu once prospered, became more refined and perfect in art, and became a kind of theater with national shadow. To the Qianlong period, the art of kunqu was plundered by the ruling class, the content tends to court, so detached from the masses and decline, to the eve of liberation, has been on the verge of moribund situation. After the liberation, the Kunqu opera in the script. Lyrics. After the liberation, kunqu was reformed in the script, lyrics, singing and other aspects of the reform, and strive to be popular and easy to understand. 1956 zhejiang province kunsu troupes went to Beijing successfully performed "fifteen Guan", a national sensation. 1957 according to premier zhou's instructions, the establishment of the northern kunqu theaters. Kunqu, the ancient theater, and renewed artistic youth.

Kunqu has a history of more than five hundred years, forming a complete performance system and a unique vocal system. It has a rich repertoire, elegant and beautiful scripts, and a high degree of literary excellence. Its pronunciation and diction are characterized by four tones and strict adherence to meter and meter. The tunes of Kunqu opera are qu pianos, and each play is composed of a set of qu pianos. The singing voice is mellow and soft, melodious and slow. The performances are delicate, and the body movements and singing are closely integrated, with a strong dancing character. Accompanying instruments are mainly flutes, and sometimes also use the three strings, sheng, suona and so on.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Kunqu spread to the north, and through the efforts of many artists, Kunqu and the northern region of the language combination, the formation of the "North Kunqu"; the original popularity of the Kunqu in the area of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, is known as the "South Kunqu". The original popularity of kunqu in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang is known as "Southern Kunqu". The performance of kunqu is more martial arts than that of kunqu, and the performance of kunqu is more robust and bold, while the performance of southern kunqu focuses on the sound of spitting and delicate workmanship, which is more elegant and lingering. Kunqu plays an important role in the history of Chinese opera, and has had a direct impact on the formation and development of Beijing opera, Xiang opera, Sichuan opera and other local styles. Yu Opera

Yu Opera

Shanxi Province, Xianyang Yu Opera Troupe was founded in 1952, so far more than 50 years of history, is the Shaanxi Province has a high impact on the local municipal level professional performing arts groups, state-owned national... Yu Opera, originally known as "Henan Opera", also called "Henan Gaoxiao", was named Yu Opera after the liberation of Henan Province because the abbreviation of Henan Province is "Yu". It is one of the main types of opera in Henan Province. The traditional repertoire of Yu Opera consists of more than 600 plays. Famous actors and actresses include Chang Xiangyu and Niu Degrassi, etc. Representative plays include Mu Guiying Hanging up the Marshalship, The Red Lady, Seven Sesame Officials, Mulan, and Chaoyang Gully.

Qinqiang

Also known as "messy bomb", it is one of the Chinese opera genres, originating from the Western Qinqiang, and is now popular in Northwest China's Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places. It is also known as "Bang Bang Cavity" because it uses jujube wood clappers as the beat instrument, and is commonly known as "桄桄子"("恍恍") (named because of the "indistinct" sound made by the clappers when they beat the clappers, and the pronunciation of the word "恍恍", which is especially good in Shaanxi dialect). The Qinqiang is the oldest, richest and largest of the four major vocal systems of Chinese opera. The Qinqiang created the structural method of plate changes in Chinese opera music, and was the earliest plate cavity vocal cavity, and also the mother of the Bangkang (chaobang) system. Now the clapper operas around the north, although the style is very different from the Qinqiang, but in the tone and accompaniment are maintained **** the same characteristics.