Application of rammed earth construction technology in architectural design?

Among the traditional building materials, earth is the oldest one. Soil has the advantages of convenient materials, low cost, simple construction, low energy consumption and no pollution, so it is widely used in various construction projects. The durability and mechanical properties of traditional adobe materials are generally poor, but from the perspective of ecological sustainable development, adobe building materials have great ecological application potential. Ramming construction technology is a mature construction technology at present. Firstly, this study analyzes the related characteristics of rammed earth construction technology, and analyzes and studies the application of rammed earth construction technology in architectural design.

As a building material with a long history in China, soil has a traditional ramming technology since China, and has also made brilliant achievements in the architectural history of China. However, this construction process has not been effectively innovated and improved for a long time. With the development of modern advanced technology, this traditional building technology has been gradually eliminated, and even the areas that adopt this building technology have become a symbol of poverty and backwardness.

However, in recent years, under the concept of green building and sustainable development of buildings, rammed earth construction technology has gradually attracted people's attention. In modern architectural design, if the rammed earth construction technology can be well applied, it will not only contribute to the sustainable development of the construction industry, but also add additional architectural works to the design of modern architecture. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the modern rammed earth construction technology and apply it to architectural design.

1 Modern rammed earth construction technology

1. 1 Modern rammed earth construction technology and equipment

In the process of modern rammed earth construction, formwork is the most important equipment in rammed earth construction. Template must meet the overall stability and smoothness of rammed earth wall, so the template needs to be made of steel, aluminum and wood according to specific needs. Formwork in modern rammed earth construction technology includes formwork system and lateral pressure reinforcement system. At present, modern rammed earth formwork is mainly divided into modern transverse continuous formwork, modern vertical independent formwork and modern integral independent formwork according to needs. Different building structures have different formwork structures for rammed earth construction. With the increasing demand, special-shaped formwork and self-developed formwork have appeared in modern rammed earth buildings.

According to different needs, the formwork system needs to be closely linked with architectural design, and the gradual maturity of the formwork system provides a guarantee for the design of modern rammed earth buildings. With the continuous development of rammed earth architecture design, the formwork system of rammed earth architecture is also developing. In addition to all kinds of rammed earth construction templates that are constantly developed, there are other construction equipment in modern rammed earth construction technology, such as modern pneumatic rammer, impact rammer, roller and so on. These modern rammed earth construction equipment can produce good compaction effect, and at the same time, the use of modern advanced construction equipment can also improve the compaction efficiency of modern rammed earth construction.

1.2 raw material treatment

Principle treatment is the first step of rammed soil construction, but it has great influence on the overall construction effect. In the process of raw material processing of rammed soil construction, it is mainly to control the water content and the degree of soil fragmentation, because the water content and degree of soil fragmentation in materials will have a direct impact on the construction quality. Generally, in the process of water content control, the water in the material is mainly removed first, which can be carried out by drying in the sun or air. After the moisture in the material is removed, the difficulty of moisture control in the process of material mixing can be reduced.

In addition, if the soil is wet, it will generally condense into a large and hard clod after water removal, which is not suitable for mixing with other materials. Therefore, it needs to be crushed by a crusher to isolate the treated soil from water. After the raw materials are treated, the soil, sand and stone are mixed according to the standards of architectural design, and then the mixture is fermented. During fermentation, the surrounding environment should be well controlled, moisture-proof treatment should be done, and finally the mixture should be added as required.

1.3 wall tamping

Ramming wall is the main technology in the process of rammed soil construction, which generally includes the steps of formwork erection, rammed construction and formwork removal. Among them, the erection of formwork is very important to the overall construction quality and safety. In the process of erection, it is necessary to insert wooden wedges and other measures to adjust the verticality of the board surface and the level of the base surface to ensure the uniformity and verticality of the rammed wall. Generally speaking, T-shaped formwork can strengthen the integrity and stability of the wall. In the process of compaction construction, it mainly includes six links: pouring, leveling, quantity, tread, compaction and repair, and each link should be done well in the process of compaction of each layer. Finally, in the process of form removal, what is needed is the main undamaged wall surface. Because the newly rammed wall surface has not been completely dried, the strength has not yet reached the corresponding standard. Generally, it needs the cooperation of several people according to the size of the template.

2 Application of modern rammed earth construction technology in architectural design

2. 1 application of modern rammed earth construction technology in architectural design

For the design of modern rammed earth architecture, rammed earth wall must have good mechanical properties and be stable to overcome the settlement of the wall and the alkali corrosion at the bottom of the wall. At the same time, in the design process, the influence of water on rammed earth wall should be weakened and its moisture-proof ability should be enhanced. According to the performance requirements of modern rammed earth building, the foundation of rammed earth wall is very important in the process of modern rammed earth building. Generally, brick foundation, concrete foundation and stone foundation can be used. In the process of moisture-proof treatment, it is mainly to block the moisture coming from underground, and it is necessary to block the capillary phenomenon under the wall. Generally, mortar moistureproof method and linoleum moistureproof method can be used for treatment, or the elevation of the wall bottom can be directly raised.

Wall is the main part of building, and the structural performance of wall is an important part of architectural design. In modern rammed earth buildings, in order to meet the requirements of architectural design, rammed earth buildings generally adopt horizontal connection and vertical load bearing. Among them, transverse connection refers to the connection between walls, columns, doors and windows and ring beams. In the connection between walls, horizontal tamping and vertical tamping are generally adopted, which can not only improve the construction efficiency, but also ensure the minimum shrinkage of walls. The connection between walls and columns is that columns are generally divided into constructional columns and frame columns, and the relationship between constructional columns and walls is usually closer. Setting structural columns can enhance the ductility of the wall, and combining ring beams can further improve the stability of the wall. Specifically, the constructional column needs to be set according to the design requirements.

When the wall is connected with doors and windows, embedded parts need to be set. If the door and window covers are directly installed, it is not conducive to the stability of the wall. By setting the embedded parts to connect with the door window cover, the wall will not be affected. Finally, the connection between the wall and the ring beam. Generally, the connection at this time mainly adopts vertical reinforcement and horizontal connection. Vertical connection can strengthen the up-and-down tightness between wall and ring beam, and horizontal connection can strengthen the integrity between wall and wall.

2.2 Application of modern rammed earth construction technology in architectural space form design

The spatial form design of modern rammed earth buildings is mainly divided into external space and internal space. In the external space, it mainly includes three elements: line, surface and body. Among them, linear elements belong to two-dimensional elements, and linear elements are mainly directional in design. Modern rammed earth buildings are influenced by building technology, which can produce transverse uniform texture and make buildings have natural linear elements, that is, directional orientation. The surface elements of modern rammed earth wall in architectural design also have unique charm. Rammed earth buildings are different from buildings made of other materials, not as cold and serious as concrete and brick buildings, and bring more kindness and warmth to people. Rammed earth wall can attract people's attention only by its own texture and color.

The main elements in rammed earth buildings mainly depend on the ground. Because the building grows directly from the local land, it is highly integrated with the surrounding environment, and the color and texture of the material can be very close to the surrounding environment, which conforms to the regional design characteristics of modern architectural design. In view of the indoor space design in architectural design, the indoor space shaped by rammed earth construction technology is more pure, and the new rammed earth wall has unique charm. At the same time, compared with the indoor space made of other materials, the indoor space made of rammed earth can increase the intimacy in architectural design. Compared with cold concrete, rammed earth wall conforms to people's intimacy with land and increases people's sense of belonging to architectural space.

3 abstract

According to the research and analysis, compared with the traditional rammed earth building technology, the modern new rammed earth building technology has stronger durability and mechanical properties, which can meet the requirements of relevant standards of modern architectural design. Rammed earth building can bring new design elements to modern architecture, increase the intimacy and sense of belonging of architecture, and is of great significance to the sustainable development of modern architecture.

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