The fundamental difference between a database and a file system is that

The difference lies in its data structure and processing method. Database is a structured data storage method, which organizes and stores data according to certain formats and rules, and provides a set of data operation and management functions, including data query, insertion, modification and deletion, as well as management functions such as backup and recovery.

File system is a file-based data storage method, which organizes and stores data in the form of files, each file contains a set of data, and provides a set of file operation and management functions, including creating, opening, reading, writing and deleting, as well as file backup and recovery.