What are the traditional national cultures in China

National culture is the culture with its own characteristics created and developed by each nation in the course of its historical development. It includes material culture and spiritual culture.

Diet, clothing, housing, tools of production belong to the content of material culture; language, writing, literature, science, art, philosophy, religion, customs, festivals and traditions belong to the content of spiritual culture.

National culture reflects the level of historical development of the nation.

Language is an important part of national culture, and at the same time, it is also a form of expression of national culture. For example, history, literature (including oral literature), calendar, medicine, science and technology, etc., are all expressed in certain languages.

Religion plays different roles in other aspects of spiritual culture at different periods of social history. In early class societies, religion had a great influence on culture, rippling through many aspects of people's social life. As society developed, the influence of religion in national culture gradually diminished.

National culture, as an ideology, is a reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society. In a class society, there are two kinds of culture in every national culture, those of the exploiting class and those of the exploited class, which reflect the interests, ideas and worldviews of the two opposing classes.

In a socialist society, national culture is a new culture with socialist content and national form.

The so-called national significance of national culture means that the Chinese nation has formed its own splendid culture in its long history, and that this culture is of special significance for the continuity of the nation and for the survival of the state. From the general understanding, in the ancient history of China, many ideological concepts and spiritual factors in the national culture played an important role in consolidating and continuing the feudal state order, and thus have been strongly criticized by people since modern times. However, the philosophical consciousness, moral concepts and artistic insights contained in the best parts of the culture have played an important role in cultivating the nation's outstanding spiritual character, which is difficult to be replaced by other means. Although since the last century, China has undergone a major historical evolution of cultural transformation, the traditional national culture has been severely challenged, and there is a tendency of "revolution" to replace the traditional national culture with the Western culture. However, after a period of intense turbulence and elimination of time, most people are still of the sober opinion that the essence of the traditional national culture and the national spirit it embodies has not only crystallized into its past, but can also nourish a new future. In particular, the excellent spiritual qualities unique to the Chinese nation contained therein cannot be rejected for the development of this nation or for the progress of our country. Thus, its national and ethnic significance is universally recognized. From the point of view of culture itself, the view that only the national is the world, and that the protection of the characteristics of the national culture will make the national culture of world significance, also means that the national culture has indispensable national significance, national significance in any country.

The so-called educational value of national culture means that a series of specific contents of national culture is taken as an important content of school education, which in turn has an educational function that general knowledge education and skill education do not have.

First of all, the excellent spiritual qualities embedded in national culture can be combined with modern thought after dynamic interpretation, and play a very profound and direct role in the process of forming the national spirit. Whether it is the philosophical, political and moral concepts formed in the history of the Chinese nation, or the music, paintings, calligraphy, dance and other works of art created by it, or the aesthetic consciousness condensed in its architectural art, garden art and customs, etc., all of them can be converged into people's own qualities and gradually precipitated into the national psyche and national character, so as to enable our nation to obtain continuous spiritual strength, and not to Because of the weakness or collapse of the spiritual power to lose the power of survival and development.

Secondly, the most national and artistic parts of the national culture, such as classical painting, classical music, ancient calligraphy, classical architecture, etc., not only contain our nation's unique aesthetic concepts and sense of aesthetic expression, but also contain a lot of useful enlightenment for understanding nature and life, and for wisely dealing with the relationship between human beings and nature, and between human beings and society. These inspirations not only have not lost their significance in today's modernization, but also show their immortal value.

Thirdly, and more importantly, the process of reinterpretation and positive thinking that inevitably exists in the process of educating with national culture is itself a process of opening our minds. Patriotic spirit, national spirit, humanistic qualities of education can certainly have a variety of ways, a variety of channels. However, I am afraid that the easiest for students to accept, but also the easiest to play a role, is these aesthetic art education as the characteristics of cultural education, which can bring students into the art palace of our national culture, where to read the history of our nation's art, the history of aesthetics, the history of the heart, where to discover the truth, goodness, beauty, and gradually form excellent spiritual qualities.