How many years did the Internet come into being?

The Internet is an international network of computers that are internally connected to each other. Its prototype was the Advanced Research Project Agency Net (ARPANET), which was developed and built by the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense and Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Inc. in 1969. The Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), which is part of the U.S. Department of Defense, contracted with Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Inc. to develop and build the ARPA network. The network was built by linking individual computers with many channels. In this way, even if hit by war, the computer is still able to carry out military research, military defense communication, command without being affected. Universities in the United States joined the ARPA network project in the 1970s, and a number of European universities established links with the APPA network in the late 1970s (1). In the 1990s, although the ARPA Net, which was originally intended for military use, was withdrawn from the calendar with the end of the Cold War, the methods used provided a successful example for networking thousands of civilian computers. Today, countless computers can be linked together with great ease, and thousands of people living around the world can communicate, connect, and express themselves through networked computers (2).

The Internet has grown dramatically in the last few decades. Everyone who uses the Internet has multiple ways of accessing unlimited cyberspace and enjoying a rich, colorful, and up-to-date set of online resources. Most universities, colleges and research institutes, and corporations offer Internet services to their students, faculty and staff, and many organizations and libraries have free access to computer networks, in addition to a wide variety of inexpensive cybercafes on the street. Several large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) such as America online, CompuServe, the Microsoft Network and Prodigy, in addition to providing users with access to their own vast private repositories of networked information, also provide Internet users with access to other information in the form of hyperlinks. Hyperlinks provide Internet users with paths to other ISPs.

Anyone who uses the Internet has easy access to the information exchange, information retrieval, downloading, and storage services available on the Web. These methods are difficult to categorize precisely but can be used over and over again without limit. So far, these programs include electronic mail, electronic exploders or listservs, newsgroups, chat-rooms, and the World Wide Web. World Wide Web, and bulletin boards. All of these services can be used to transmit various types of text over the Internet; some can also transmit sound, pictures, and video programs combining the two over the Internet. The combination of all these available online services makes the Internet a very unique cyberspace or mass media. This cyberspace has no specific geographic location, but it provides information exchange and information services that can be accessed by any online user in the world in a way that is extremely inexpensive and convenient compared to traditional media.

Using electronic mail, a person can send letters and other text messages to another person or persons. These incoming and outgoing letters and messages are stored in personal mailboxes on the Internet, and the recipients of the letters and messages can check and read their mail instantly, or they can check and read it later and respond to it. Compared to sending letters through postal agencies, this method is fast, secure, confidential, convenient and inexpensive. An electronic detonator is a group of e-mails with which a computer user can first send an e-mail to a Web site, and this e-mail is then sent to many subscribers as it goes. Newsgroups serve any unspecified audience with news and news-specific searches of past, present, and ongoing events. There are already thousands of newsgroups on the Internet, and their main function is to exchange a wide variety of information on a global scale. These newsgroups, while exchanging up-to-date information, also provide each reader with an electronic writing pad through which he or she can express his or her opinions, views and perceptions on the Internet, either publicly or anonymously, as well as access to chat rooms to communicate with readers from any part of the world. In this way, each reader can become a center for his or her voice to be heard around the world. Imagine countless people in the online communication scene can be no exaggeration to say that the content of the Internet is as colorful and different as the thoughts of each (3).

The most notable aspect of the Internet is the World Wide Web (W.W.W.) system it offers. It allows users to search and store information on computers no matter how far away they are. In some cases, users can likewise return to communicate with any given Web site. Suffice it to say: the Web is a vast treasure trove of resources stored on computers in different parts of the world. Not only are there text files on the Web, but there are also countless beautiful Web pages. Each page has its own Web address - and each Web address is like a telephone number that takes you to a different electronic space. Many sites also have e-mail addresses for editors and authors with whom users can communicate. Often these sites also provide users with hyperlinks to other related content and related sites, through which users can navigate in an unlimited electronic space.

From the perspective of the publishing industry, the Internet is a huge trading platform for information. In this platform can be heard from all over the world, there are readers, commentators, researchers. Any government, civil society organizations, companies, academic institutions and individuals can publish information through networked computers. The information published by the publisher can be addressed to a specific audience or to all users of the Internet. So far, no international organization, government or business group has been able to control and manipulate the Internet as effectively as they control and manipulate traditional media. Therefore, the Internet will become a powerful weapon to challenge authoritarian governments and to promote democracy, especially freedom of expression

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