A 3000-word paper on purchasing management

If there is no strict procurement management to regulate and supervise, the interests of enterprises will be greatly damaged. The following is a 3000-word purchasing management paper I compiled for you. I hope you like it.

3000-word paper on procurement management-analysis of project procurement management

This paper expounds the traditional project procurement mode, construction project management mode, design and construction project procurement mode, design and management project procurement mode, BOT mode and so on. It is of guiding significance to the daily work of purchasing personnel.

Keywords procurement BOT management

Project procurement mode refers to the relationship mode among project participants, such as owners, supervision engineers (builders, consultants, consultants), designers, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers of materials and equipment. , including contractual relationship, instruction (management, coordination) relationship and cooperation (parallel) relationship.

1 traditional project procurement mode

(1) Organization in the traditional mode. In this project procurement management mode, the owner entrusts the architect (consulting engineer) to carry out all relevant work in the early stage of the project (such as opportunity study and feasibility study). ); After the project evaluation is passed, the owner entrusts the design. Prepare the construction bidding documents in the design stage, and select the contractor through bidding after the design is completed. Owners and contractors sign construction contracts, and contractors generally sign separate contracts with subcontractors and suppliers to organize the subcontracting of projects and the procurement of equipment and materials. The owner generally appoints the owner's representative (or entrusts the supervision engineer) to keep continuous contact with consulting engineers, designers and contractors, and is responsible for relevant project management and coordination. (2) The characteristics of the traditional model. In the traditional mode, the contractual relationship includes: the owner's supervision engineer (architect, consulting engineer), the owner's design (survey) contractor, the owner's construction contractor and the owner's direct supplier. Instructions (management and coordination) include: supervision engineer and other parties to the contract (except owners and subcontractors). Collaborative (parallel) relationships include: consulting, design, survey, construction and direct suppliers; Between subcontractors. The advantages of traditional engineering procurement mode are: mature management mode, and all parties are familiar with relevant procedures; Owners can freely choose consultants and designers and control design requirements; Standard contract texts that are familiar to all parties can be adopted, which is beneficial to contract management and risk management. Its disadvantages are long project cycle, high owner management fee and early investment; It is easy to cause more claims when changing. This project procurement management mode is the most common in the international engineering field, and is adopted by loan projects of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and projects with FIDIC contract conditions. China's engineering community is also used to adopting this model.

2 construction project management model

Organization of (1)CM mode. Construction project management mode, referred to as CM mode, is also called stage contracting mode or fast track mode. This is a * * * project procurement management mode popular abroad in recent years, which is different from the so-called? Trilateral? Engineering model approximation (design, construction and partial use). This mode of project procurement is phased, and it is not necessary to wait until all the design drawings are completed before bidding. The owner, the CM manager entrusted by the owner and the architect form a joint team, which is responsible for organizing and managing the planning, design and construction of the project, but CM manager plays a coordinating role in the design management. In the overall planning, layout and design of the project, we should consider controlling the total investment of the project. After the main design scheme is determined, with the progress of design work and the completion of a part of the project design, construction bidding will be organized for this part, and the owner will sign a contract with the winning contractor. (2) 2) Characteristics of CM mode. The owner signs contracts with contractors, design units and equipment suppliers respectively. There is also a contractual relationship between the owner, CM manager and architect. The CM manager appointed by the owner has business management and coordination relations with various contractors such as construction, design, equipment supply, installation and transportation. There is a parallel (cooperative) relationship between contractors. CM Manager is responsible for the supervision, coordination and management of the project. In the construction stage, his main task is to supervise the cost, quality and progress, and to predict and monitor the change of cost and progress. The biggest advantage of this model is that it can greatly shorten the cycle from planning, design to completion, save construction investment, reduce investment risks and get benefits earlier. The disadvantage of this model is that bidding by stages may lead to higher project cost, so it is necessary to make a good analysis and comparison, study the number of project bidding, and choose an optimal combination point. (3) Agent-based and risk-based CM model. There are two common ways to organize CM patterns. 1) agency mode, CM manager is the consultant and agent of the owner, and the service contract between the owner and CM manager adopts the method of fixed fee plus management fee (i.e. cost compensation contract), and the owner signs a construction contract with the contractor at each construction stage. 2) Risk-oriented mode, in which CM manager plays the role of general contractor at the same time, which is called management contracting in Britain. CM companies that can carry out risk-based management usually evolved from large engineering companies in the past, and CM managers from consulting and design companies can only undertake agency CM. At present, in order to meet the requirements of the market, many engineering management companies have set up independent legal institutions, which can carry out any form of construction project management.

3 Design and construction project procurement model

(1) Design and construction organization mode. Design-build mode is a simple project procurement management mode, and FIDIC contract conditions of engineering equipment, design-build and EPC turnkey projects are compiled based on this project procurement management mode. In this way, the owner first entrusts a professional consulting company to study and formulate the basic requirements of the proposed project. After the project principle is determined, the owner selects the general contractor for design and construction through bidding, and the general contractor is responsible for the design and construction of the project, and even provides the whole service including project financing, land purchase, design, construction, equipment procurement, installation and commissioning until completion and handover. (2) Characteristics of design and construction mode. This procurement management mode is based on lump sum contract at the same time of bidding and contract signing. The design and construction general contractor is responsible for the cost of the whole project. He first chose a consulting design company to design the project, and then selected various subcontractors by bidding. Of course, he can also use his own design and construction strength to complete some projects. This mode is popular in recent years, mainly because subcontracting can be carried out in stages, so the project can be put into production early; At the same time, because the design and construction can overlap closely, the owner can benefit from electricity saving, time saving and the contractor's responsibility for the whole project. The main advantages of this design and construction mode are that the project team members are selected at the initial stage of the project, with good continuity, single project responsibility and guaranteed upfront expenses; CM mode can be adopted, which can reduce management costs and reduce the impact of interest and price increase; Considering the construction factors in advance at the beginning of the project can reduce the changes caused by design mistakes and negligence.

4 Design management project procurement mode

(1) Organization of design management mode. The management mode of design management project procurement usually refers to the contractor of design task, who is entrusted by the owner to provide construction management (supervision) services. This is similar to CM mode, but more complicated. In the usual CM mode, the owner signs the design and construction process management contracts respectively. When the design management contract is adopted, the owner and the engineer (architect, consultant and supervision engineer) only sign one contract, which includes both design and similar CM services. Design management contractors are often a consortium composed of design institutions and engineering consulting (engineering supervision and construction management) enterprises. (2) Two forms of design management mode. There are two ways to realize the design management mode. 1) The owner signs a contract with the design management company and the general contractor, and the design management company is responsible for the design and management of the project implementation. 2) The owner only signs contracts with the design management company, and the design management company signs contracts with individual contractors and suppliers respectively. This mode can be regarded as the product of the combination of CM and design-construction mode, and it is often used in the contracting mode of contractors or subcontractors to speed up the project progress.

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