Philosophical principles of treating history and culture

1. Try to explain how China should treat tradition 1, take its essence, discard its dross, bring forth the new, absorb beneficial foreign culture, take me as the main body and serve us, oppose historical nihilism, national nihilism, conservatism and closedness, dialectically inherit and develop, and hold high the banner of socialism. Develop yourself, connect with yourself, absorb the beneficial elements in culture, and eliminate the negative parts. Emancipate the mind, base on practice and keep pace with the times. 3. Cultural innovation is an inevitable requirement for the development of social practice. The spread of culture in the process of communication and the development on the basis of inheritance all contain the significance of cultural innovation. The essence of cultural development lies in cultural innovation. It is an important guarantee of cultural vitality. The function of cultural innovation is not only to promote the development of social practice, but also to promote the prosperity of national culture. Cultural innovation can promote the development of social practice.

2. Historical Philosophy and Historical Materialism 2000 words 1 Basic introduction Historical materialism is a science about the universal law of human social development and a proletarian view of history. Historical materialism holds that the fundamental cause of all historical events is the richness of materials, and the development of social history has its inherent objective laws. It holds that the mode of production of material life determines the general process of social life, political life and spiritual life; Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence; The contradiction between productivity and production relations, the contradiction between economic base and superstructure are the basic contradictions to promote all social development. In class society, the basic social contradiction is class struggle, which is the direct driving force for the development of class society; The highest form of class struggle is to carry out social revolution and seize state power; The history of social development is the history of people's practical activities, and people are the creators of history. However, the activities and functions of the people in creating history are always restricted by the economic, political and ideological and cultural conditions in a certain historical stage. The basic characteristics of historical materialism are different from all previous historical theories. The method of historical materialism to observe social history is different from all previous historical theories. It recognizes that the subject of history is man. History is nothing more than the activities of people who pursue their own goals. However, historical materialism says that man is not an abstract man in some fantasy isolation and seclusion, but a living man in the process of development that can be observed through experience. Historical materialism holds that realistic people are nothing more than individualization of certain social relations. All their nature and activities always depend on their material living conditions. Only by examining people and their activities from the surrounding material living conditions that make people like this can we describe the real process of human development on the basis of real history. The method of historical materialism clearly stipulates that its research object is the general law of social development. It is different from the specific social science that focuses on a local field and an individual aspect of social life. It focuses on the general structure and development law of the whole society. Its task is to provide the theoretical basis of historical view and methodology for specific social sciences. The main contents are as follows: 1. Production is the measure of all social progress in history. The development level of social productive forces determines the progress of human society. Second, the relations of production that are compatible with the development of certain productive forces constitute the realistic foundation of a certain social form and economic structure, and stipulate the main characteristics of the social form. Third, a certain social form is the unity of a certain economic base and a certain superstructure. The nature of economic base determines the change of superstructure. Superstructure actively serves and reacts to the economic base. Historical materialism. All social systems and social forms are temporary stages in the endless development of human society from low to high. There is no eternal social system and form. The prosperity of social system is the result of the development of basic social contradictions. Social relations should be matured from the old society under certain material conditions. Social form will not perish until all the productive forces it contains are brought into play. 5. The concrete social form existing in reality is complex, and every stage of the development of human society has a dominant social form. There are also remnants and sprouts of other social forms. Sixth, the general law of human society is from primitive society to slavery, feudalism and capitalism to socialism and capitalist society. This is a natural historical development process, and social productive forces are the fundamental driving force to promote social and historical progress. Seventh, the history of human society is an objective development process independent of the subjective consciousness of researchers, which has certain regularity. People study history and explore social laws. Based on objective historical facts, we should possess materials in detail, analyze its various development forms, reveal its internal relations and get corresponding results. Eight. Human society and its components all exist in a whole system, so we should proceed from the whole research object, from the interaction and contradiction within the research object and the interaction between the research object and the external environment. Nine. In the objective historical process, all social and historical factors are interactive. 10. Human society moves regularly, developing from low level to high level. It appears as a historical process, and various social phenomena that constitute the historical process are also moving and developing. We should look at everything in history from a developmental perspective, grasp the essential relationship and internal contradictions of things from a dialectical point of view, and also mention the research objects within a certain range and analyze specific problems. So as to accurately grasp the object. XI。 There are two ways to develop and change social and historical things: evolution (reform) and revolution. Twelve. The root of social and historical development lies in its complicated internal and external contradictions. Thirteen. In the objective historical process, environment creates people and people create environment. Fourteen The study of social history is not a simple process of negative reflection. It is a dialectical unity process of mutual penetration and interaction between subject and object. 4 Introduction to Basic Features The view that the existence and development of society comes from history, that the existence and development of society can not be separated from history, and that there is an inevitable relationship between society and history is a historical materialism view. He treats and deals with problems from the viewpoint of historical materialism, which has the following characteristics: acknowledging and respecting history, which is a question of how to treat history. Recognizing history and thinking that history itself is the source of all things has solved a proposition in philosophy-the origin of things. Everything is not produced out of thin air, and it must have its predecessor or antecedent, and our present is the change or consequence of the predecessor or antecedent. Maybe you should ask: this question is very simple. Is there any denial of history in reality? Why not? Actually, there is. For example, we sometimes criticize someone for forgetting their ancestors, and even some people with dark and ugly purposes not only refuse to admit history, but also distort and tamper with it. Those who refuse to recognize Taiwan Province Province as a member of the Chinese nation and are bent on splitting Taiwan Province Province are just forgetting their ancestors. Day.

3. What attitude should we take towards history and culture? We should adopt the following attitudes towards history and culture:

1. We should take an objective and equal attitude towards different cultures. Respect the behavioral differences caused by cultural differences, and learn the advantages and advantages of other cultures with an open mind.

It is our bounden duty to protect our own culture for Chinese culture. China culture has made great contributions to the development of human civilization. It is our unshirkable historical responsibility to inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture and carry forward the spirit of the Chinese nation.

The principle of dialectical negation holds that:

1. Negation is the self-denial of the internal contradictory movement of things, and it is the new thing that replaces the old thing.

② Negation is a link in the development of things, a qualitative change or leap in which new quality replaces old quality, and a decisive link in the development of things.

(3) Negation is the connection between things. Its negation of old things includes affirmation and inheritance negation.

④ Dialectical negation, as the unity of the development and connection of things, is essentially "sublation" and the unity of overcoming and retaining. New things not only overcome the negative factors in the old things, but also retain the positive results in the old things.

The metaphysical view of negation is:

(1), negation is not a self-denial of things, but an external force imposed on things.

(2) Negation is the elimination of things and the interruption of development.

3. Negation is absolute negation, denying everything and abandoning it completely.

It is of great significance to adhere to the dialectical negative view and oppose the metaphysical negative view. It requires us to critically inherit the historical and cultural heritage, critically reject the dross of feudalism, absorb its essence, make the past serve the present and bring forth the new.

4. The significance of establishing cultural self-confidence The first philosophical principle is to meet the needs of multi-cultural conflicts and collisions in the world. The second is to meet the needs of new changes in the infiltration and erosion of strong culture. The third is to meet the needs of the challenges and risks faced by China's cultural security under the multicultural background.

(2) Cultural self-confidence is the conceptual premise to enhance the country's cultural soft power.

The first is to solve the needs of the neglected traditional culture of China.

The second is to solve the problem that western foreign cultures need to be respected.

The third is to solve the need for mainstream values and cultural awareness to be impacted.

(3) Cultural self-confidence is the internal tension to realize the great development and prosperity of culture and the "Chinese dream".

First, it is an inevitable requirement to promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture.

The second is the inevitable requirement of realizing the "Chinese dream" of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.