What are the claims of Confucianism

The Ideas and Propositions of Confucianism

Confucianism refers to the ideas of the Confucian school of thought, founded by the late Spring and Autumn thinker Confucius. Confucianism, founded by Confucius, is a complete system of thought formed on the basis of summarizing, generalizing and inheriting the traditional culture of respecting and kissing the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Sima Qian said in the "Records of the Grand Historian - The Family of Confucius", "Confucius made the Spring and Autumn Annals because of the Records of the Grand Historian, from Duke Hidden, down to the 14th year of Duke Lamenting, and the 12th year of the Grand Historian. According to Lu, pro-Zhou, so Yin, transported three generations." Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, said, "To state the truth is not to write, and to believe in the past" ("Analects - Shui而"), which is the essence of his own thinking. Confucianism is basically divided into two categories: "internal sainthood" and "external kingship," i.e., personal cultivation and political advocacy.

Ethics

Ethics Confucianism focuses on self-cultivation, and its central idea is "benevolence," which means that people should emphasize harmonious relationships with each other. Treating elders with respect and honor; friends should be faithful to each other; officials should be clean and love the people; people should be self-aware and do their part, "a gentleman is a man of the world, and the world is a man of the world". Rulers should be benevolent and love the people, "for the administration of virtue, such as the North Star, where it resides and the stars **** of"; treat other people to fraternity, "young as my own children, and the children of others. We should treat other people with love and affection, "I will take care of my own children and the children of others, and the old, and the old". Treatment of superiors to be loyal, "the king serves the minister with courtesy, the minister serves the king with loyalty"; treatment of parents and relatives to be filial, "parents in, not far away from the tour, the tour will be square", "today's filial piety, is said to be able to raise. As for dogs and horses, they can all be nurtured; if they are not honored, how can they be different?" People should be ambitious and persevering, "A scholar must not fail to promote his will, and the task is heavy and the road is long." Respect for knowledge, "the morning of the Tao, the evening death can be carried out", good to learn from the strengths of others, "see the virtuous think qi yan, see not virtuous and internal self-reflection also", and "the gentleman far from the kitchen" to push their own and other people's Ideas.

Politics

Confucian political thought is "benevolence", "the way of the king", and "propriety", and its ideals are "commonwealth", "commonality", "commonwealth", "commonwealth", "commonwealth", "commonwealth", and "commonwealth". Its ideals were "great unity" and "great unification", and its political science mainly elaborated on the relationship between the ruler and the ministers, and the relationship between the government and the people. Confucius, "A ruler serves his ministers with propriety, and a minister serves his ruler with loyalty," Mencius, "The people are the most important thing, the gods of earth and grain come second, and the ruler is the least important thing," and Xunzi, "To follow the way, not to follow the ruler, and to follow righteousness, not to follow one's father, are the representative propositions of Confucian political science. The Confucian doctrine of political science is representative of Confucianism's ideas. On the issue of realpolitik, Confucianism requires both the ruler and the ruled to assume obligations, and theoretically, the ruled have the right to rebel against a ruler who does not properly assume obligations. "Benevolent government is easy to implement," on the other hand, advocates distinguishing between "not being able to" and "not being able to do," i.e., between "not going to do" and "not being able to do" and "not being able to do. The difference between "not going to do" and "not being able to do". The saying that "without constant production, there is no constancy of mind" also reflects the idea of people-oriented thinking. In international politics, Confucianism advocates "the distinction between Chinese and barbarians". In ancient times, this distinction facilitated the spread of advanced Chinese culture, but in modern times, it has become an obstacle to China's modernization.

History

Confucianism has a long tradition of emphasizing the importance of history. Zi said, "To narrate and not to write, to believe in the past, to steal from my old Peng." (Analects - Shu而). However, Confucius compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals, not only to record historical events, but also through the use of words and words to express their own ideas and views, called "micro-aggression". Thanks to the efforts of Confucian scholars through the ages, Chinese chronicles began in 841 B.C. (the first year of the Western Zhou Dynasty) and have continued uninterrupted for a year until today.

Economics

Confucianism emphasizes righteousness over profit, officials over business, and the principal over the end, which is incompatible with the modern commodity economy. The Pax Romana described in the Confucian text "The Book of Rites" is a description of the Confucian idea of the Great Way.

The View of Science and Technology

Confucianism does not emphasize the study of specialized knowledge in subdisciplinary fields. Zi said, "A gentleman does not have a weapon." Zhu Xi's interpretation is: "Weapons, each is suitable for its own use but cannot be connected. Successful virtues, the body has nothing, so the use of nothing, not especially for a talent and an art only." This is the Confucianism belittles the ideological roots of the specialists. Song Yingxing, who wrote "Tian Gong Kaifu" in the Ming Dynasty, is also six times failed in the imperial examinations, before turning to the study of scientific and technological expertise.