How to be student-oriented in elementary school math teaching

How to make students the main body in elementary school math teaching

Education is a kind of social practice to cultivate people. Modern education should cultivate people with subjectivity, only such people can actively and positively participate in social life and contribute to social progress. As a teacher, in the teaching process, not only to recognize and respect the student's subjective position, but also to create a situation to stimulate and play the student's subjectivity, and pay more attention to the promotion and development of the student's subjectivity, so as to arouse the student's subjective consciousness, to cultivate the student's initiative, to promote the student's lively growth, and to lay a good foundation for the creation of self-confidence and self-reliance of the students, a vibrant life. Therefore, the process of subjective education must treat the educated as the subject, arouse the subjective intention of the educated, and stimulate the autonomy, initiative and creativity of the subject of the educated, so as to make education become the inner needs of the subject, and the practical activities of the subject's independent construction. Experimental Primary School's philosophy emphasizes that the purpose of all school work is to provide a "fulcrum" for the children's lifelong happiness, and "to give the children a solid fulcrum of life," so that our students can form the confidence and ability to take the initiative to develop their own life and realize the development of their own life in an active way. Development. According to the existing foundation of school development and new tasks, under the premise of adhering to the school philosophy, we will establish the theme of the current stage of development as "real and beautiful, active development"; the core connotation is "through communication and cooperation to achieve active development". Then how to play the main role of students in elementary school mathematics teaching, the following to talk about their own experience:

1, change the concept of teacher teaching, strengthen the communication between teachers and students, and establish a good teacher-student relationship

Stimulate students to participate in the initiative.

Democratic teacher-student relationship, harmonious classroom atmosphere is to ensure that the realization of subjective education is an important condition, because to create a democratic and harmonious classroom atmosphere is to realize the subjective education to develop students' creative thinking guarantee. Once the classroom teaching touches the emotional and volitional field of students, touching the spiritual needs of students, this method can play a highly effective role. As the saying goes, "pro-teacher, believe in their way, enjoy their learning", so to create a democratic and harmonious classroom teaching atmosphere. Democratic and harmonious, lively, pleasant and relaxed teaching atmosphere and teachers and students emotionally involved in the external conditions of students' active participation, is a good soil for students to learn and personality development. Teachers in the classroom teaching, the face of a thoughtful, emotional activities of individuals, teachers should strive to correct their position, and strive to establish equal, cooperative teacher-student relationship. In the classroom teaching and communication activities, the teacher as far as possible with the tone of consultation with the students, such as: "Who still have different opinions ......", "Who still want to talk about ... ...", "Your idea is the same as what the teacher thinks." Teachers to go down to the podium to really become a student learning "mentor and friend".

American psychologist Rogers said: "Successful teaching depends on a sincere respect and trust in the teacher-student relationship, depends on a harmonious and safe classroom atmosphere." It seems that teachers and students should strengthen communication and establish good teacher-student relationship in order to create a positive, relaxed, lively and efficient teaching psychological environment.

2, change the way students learn, guide students' independent activities, cultivate students' independence

Student's autonomy is under certain conditions, individuals have the right and ability to dominate and control their own activities. The autonomy of students in educational activities, first of all, students have an independent subject consciousness, have a clear learning goals and consciously active learning attitude, can be inspired and guided by the teacher to independently study the materials, the knowledge in the books into their own knowledge, and the application of this knowledge in practice; second, students have the ability to self-regulation and self-control of the learning activities, and can give full play to their own potential to take the initiative to learn and receive education.

At the same time, education must be based on the requirements of a certain society and the law of the development of the subjectivity of students, to carry out a variety of educational activities conducive to the development of the subjectivity of the students, and to be effectively regulated, scientifically organized and correctly guided, so as to provide opportunities for the development of the subjectivity of the students to create the conditions for the development of the subjectivity of the students, the width of time, the breadth of activities, and the depth of the content.

The new curriculum for the connotation of mathematics in the 21st century. Clearly pointed out that mathematics is to explore the many relationships of life, the process is the process of discovery and creation, teachers attach importance to the process, strategy and the basic methods of research, rather than just conclusions, the traditional teaching of mathematics, focusing on allowing students to recite large sections of formulas, definitions, laws, over and over again to repeat the steps of solving the problem, and to strengthen the students' problem-solving speed with this kind of mechanical training. The new curriculum advocates that teachers guide the value of students is "do math" than "say math" is more important, the classroom is always "do math" as the main theme. In our school classroom teaching model of independent inquiry, we strive to allow each student to actively explore the process of knowledge or conclusion formation, rather than just accepting the results of the ready-made. At this time, students are more the subject of learning activities, not just the subject of cognitive activities. They not only take the initiative to understand the cognitive process behind the knowledge, clarify the cognitive clues, but also through specific learning scenarios to understand the cognitive subject of the life experience, including active exploration of the confusion encountered when searching for information when trying to find the clues to the joy of solving the problem. Through inquiry and discovery, questioning, experience and appreciation, cooperation and exchange of activities, inspire and induce students to try to explore, rely on their own efforts to acquire knowledge, mastery skills. Under the guidance of this concept, I designed the lesson "Circumference of a Circle" to allow students to explore the question "What is the relationship between the circumference and diameter of a circle?" This question unfolds mathematical activities. To provide students with a large number of observation, thinking, operation, independent exploration and cooperation and communication opportunities, to motivate students to do math, so that the boring math become interesting and useful.

Traditional teaching overemphasizes the closure of the preset, which is typically manifested in the implementation of the plan to the lesson plan as the basis for the implementation of planning and teaching, each lesson without exception must complete the prescribed teaching tasks. This kind of lesson plan-based teaching is a kind of closed teaching, and the new curriculum points out that classroom teaching should not be a closed system, and is not bound to a pre-set fixed program, a lesson of teaching tasks completed or not does not affect the overall development of students. The most important thing in classroom teaching is to cultivate students' independent learning and innovative quality, "the circumference of the circle" this lesson, I did not overemphasize the completeness of the lesson, but the whole focus on the core of the lesson, that is, to explore the "circumference of the circle and the relationship between the diameter of the circle "Let the students through a lot of time to operate, discussion, exchange, so as to find the law, the conclusion - the circumference is always more than three times the diameter, so as to prompt the meaning of pi.

In the design of this lesson, I pay special attention to the whole, and in the math activities to adopt a "cooperative research learning" learning mode. A list of math activities for students was drawn up

a) Ask a question. How is the circumference of a circle related to its diameter?

b) Hands-on experiment: measure the perimeter and diameter of a physical circle and calculate the relationship between perimeter and diameter (guide students to calculate the perimeter and diameter by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing,)

Fill in the experimental research report form.

c) Observation and discussion: compare the characteristics of each data and look for patterns.

d) Draw conclusions and express statements - (The circumference is always a little more than three times the diameter of the study.)

In this research process are students work in groups to complete, is the whole process of student independent learning. In this research process teachers guide students to carry out observation, experimentation, verification, reasoning, communication and other forms of activities so that students not only gained knowledge, but also experienced the process of research, learned to explore the method, and cultivated the ability of students to learn independently and cooperatively,

The concept of the new curriculum under the concept of effective teaching is to change the way of learning, change the single, passive learning style, promote and develop diversified learning methods, and to promote and develop a variety of learning styles. The core of learning is "participation in learning", not what the teacher gives to the students, but more importantly, how the teacher guides the students' learning. Teaching itself is a kind of inquiry process, the main purpose of teaching is to enable students to explore the process of knowledge generation, to master the scientific method of thinking, in order to cultivate students' ability to explore and creative ability. Inquiry is a prerequisite for discovery. Teachers in guiding students to explore, focusing on the process of thinking is better than the results, as far as possible, let the students through their own analysis, comparison, induction, generalization, summarization, to seek answers and discover the law.

3, contact with the actual students, effectively create a life situation, play the student's conscious initiative,

Student's initiative in educational activities, manifested in the student's ability to actively participate in educational activities according to the requirements of the community, consciously aware of the purpose and significance of education, and actively cooperate with the educator's teaching activities. Moreover, students can use their own existing knowledge and experience, cognitive structure to actively assimilate external educational influences, so that the old and new experience to make new combinations, so as to realize the construction and transformation of the quality structure of the main body.

At the same time, students' learning of mathematics is a kind of positive and meaningful action, which needs to be motivated and pushed to achieve the learning purpose of their internal motivation, which arises from the need to learn. Only when students have the need and desire to learn mathematics, there will be a kind of psychological power to motivate and push themselves to learn mathematics, and actively participate in learning activities. In order to meet this need and desire, in the process of teaching mathematics, we should consider the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, combine students' existing knowledge and life experience, and design interesting mathematical teaching activities, so that students have more opportunities to learn mathematics and understand mathematics from familiar things around them. Famous mathematician Hua Luogeng said, "One of the reasons why people have the impression that mathematics is boring, mysterious and difficult to understand is that it is detached from reality." Therefore, only by connecting with reality, learning mathematics and understanding mathematics from students' familiar life, can we change hard learning into joyful learning and really experience the fun of learning. For example: in the study of "volume and volume units" this section of the content, I can not let the students feel the "ml", "liter", to understand the significance of volume, before the class, I found the classroom bookcases under the corner of the corner of the classroom there are a lot of students drank all kinds of beverage cans, a bright idea! These "Jianlibao", "Wahaha", "Pepsi" ...... are turned into my learning volume of the material, the classroom students are very active, usually never raise their hands to speak students this time to make an exception, I am also very excited, in the exchange of feedback in the link I let the students estimate the volume of beverage cans, and through the data on the logo to verify that this activity makes the classroom to a climax. Another example: I am teaching the meaning of fractions in this section, I set the task before class for students to go home through the newspaper, magazines, television, etc. to collect life "fractions", guess the meaning of each "fraction". The students were very motivated to collect a lot of hot topics in the news media at the time, from these students familiar with the case data to start, the students were very interested, and in the living example of the students to y understand the meaning of "fractions".

We know that mathematical knowledge is not made up out of thin air, it is the abstraction of people from the actual thing, is the most basic reflection of the objective world. Students every exposure to a mathematical knowledge must know that this knowledge is from there, in the actual life of those applications. In this way, it helps students to clarify the purpose of learning and stimulate interest in learning. In the teaching activities, to create an open, can let the students into thinking about the situation, so that students are interested in learning activities. Such a situation should be used as a platform for students to use things that they can feel and understand, so that their personal experience can be expanded and their spiritual life can be nourished by the human spirit. On this basis, students are inspired to form a certain sense of problem and desire to learn.

For example, in the second semester of the fifth grade, "rectangular body square body to understand" after the unit teaching, in order to avoid boring repetition in the review, I made a creative design of "rectangular body, square body finishing review".

Case fragment: Teacher: Mr. Wang wants to give his little grandson a birthday present: a goldfish. What kind of shape to give the little goldfish? Student: Rectangular or square. Teacher: shape we selected, can be made into a rectangle or square, in addition to consider its shape but also consider what? Student 1: How much material is needed? Such as how much glass is needed? Student 2: the size of the fish tank, that is, its volume; Student 3, the fish tank covers an area. Teacher: students mentioned very good, the teacher also raised a few questions we come together to study it.