What are the bases for the emergence of Marxist philosophy

What are the bases for the emergence of Marxist philosophy:

1) The basis of social conditions. The capitalist mode of production was already dominant in some of the major countries of Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The industrial revolution, which began in Britain, led to the rapid development of the productive forces, and on the other hand made the contradictions inherent in the social system of capitalism clear and acute. The contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of the means of production, which is inherent to capitalism, began to intensify, and the intensification of this contradiction inevitably led to the outbreak of periodic economic crises. The inherent contradiction of the capitalist mode of production determines that it will never be able to cure this fatal disease. This fact not only exposes the historical limitations of the capitalist mode of production, but also further demonstrates that the development of private society to the capitalist stage has reached an extreme. The development of the capitalist domestic market and overseas trade has opened people's eyes even more, so that the materialistic-dialectical nature of social development has been revealed more clearly than before. All this provided important social conditions for the emergence of Marxist philosophy.

②Class basis. Along with the development of capitalism, the proletariat has been growing and becoming an independent political force. From the 1830s, the proletariat's struggle against the bourgeoisie entered a new historical period. the armed uprising of the workers in Lyon, France, in 1831-1834, the Charter Movement in Britain in 1836, and the uprising of the Silesian textile workers in Germany in 1844 put forward the battle cry against the privatization of society, and put forward the idea of establishing a People's Charter. The 1844 Silesian textile workers' revolt in Germany raised the battle cry against private society and the idea of a people's charter. These struggles shook the rule of the bourgeoisie and marked the beginning of the proletariat's rise to the stage of history as an independent political force. In order to realize its historical mission of destroying the old world, creating a new society and turning slaves into masters, the proletariat urgently needed a scientific theory that could correctly reflect the laws of social development and the interests of the proletariat to guide it. At the same time, the rich experience of the class struggle of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie provided the reality for the emergence of this scientific theory, and the emergence of Marxism and its science marked the development of the proletariat from a self-contained class to a self-made class.

3) The foundation of natural science. The emergence of Marxism has a deep natural and social scientific premise. Starting from the nineteenth century, the study of natural science has made breakthrough progress, entering the stage of organizing materials, searching for internal connections and cross-disciplinary research, and the metaphysical view of nature has gradually been opened one gap after another. In particular, the three major discoveries, namely, the doctrine of the cell, the law of conservation and transformation of energy, and the theory of biological evolution, have revealed the material unity of the natural world and the dialectical nature of the connection and development among various forms of matter, and have provided a reliable basis of knowledge for philosophical summarization of natural phenomena as well as the understanding of their general laws. The cell theory shows that all the life phenomena of plants and animals are the result of cell division and proliferation in accordance with certain laws, thus revealing the organic connection of the whole biological world; the law of conservation and transformation of energy shows that the various forms of energy in nature can neither be produced out of thin air nor eliminated, but can only be transformed from one form to another, thus revealing the interconnection between the various forms of movement in nature and the unity of matter; Darwin's evolution reveals the dialectical nature of material unity and the connection and development between various forms of matter. material unity; Darwin's theory of evolution shows that the many varieties of biological species in nature are developed from a few simple organisms through long-term changes. Human beings also evolved from a kind of ancient ape, and the biological world is a regular process of development from lower to higher levels.

④Theoretical foundation. Marxism is the crystallization of the achievements of advanced human thought, which critically inherits the fine traditions of materialism and dialectics in the history of philosophy. The direct theoretical source of Marxist philosophy, on the other hand, is the classical philosophy of Germany. German classical philosophy is the highest form of modern philosophical development, which reached its peak in Hegel's system. Hegel was the master of dialectical thought. His greatest achievement was the restoration of dialectics as the highest form of thinking, depicting the whole natural, historical and spiritual world as a process, as being in constant movement, change, transformation and development, and attempting to reveal the inner connection of such movement and development. However, his rich dialectical ideas were hidden in the mystical system of idealism, and his dialectic was a revolutionary, all-powerful system but but suffocated the dialectic. Feuerbach was the last representative of classical German philosophy. His great merit was to criticize Hegel's idealism, to restore the authority of materialism, and to insist on the philosophical view of the first nature of matter and the second nature of consciousness. But in criticizing Hegel's idealism, he discarded Hegel's dialectic as well. He saw the natural existence of man, but the man he spoke of was man in the biological sense, and he did not understand that the nature of man is practical. Marx and Engels critically absorbed the "reasonable kernel" of Hegel's philosophical dialectic and abandoned its idealism; they critically absorbed the "basic kernel" of Feuerbach's philosophical materialism and abandoned its metaphysics, and in the light of new practical experience and scientific materials, they made a new interpretation of their philosophy. Critically absorbing the "basic core" of Feuerbach's materialism, he abandoned its metaphysics and, based on new practical experience and scientific materials, revolutionized and developed them, thus organically combining dialectics and materialism, unifying the materialistic and dialectical view of nature with the view of history, and founding the brand-new Marxist philosophy. On the other hand, the classical British economists of the 19th century, especially Adam Smith and David Ricardo, made a preliminary analysis of the economic roots of the antagonism between the capitalists and the workers, and although they could not thoroughly reveal the laws of capitalist economic development because of class limitations and their systems were full of contradictions, confusions and unscientific points, their theories laid the foundation for Marx's labor theory of value and doctrine of surplus value. the basis for Marx's theory of labor value and surplus value.

Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Owen and other idealistic socialists mercilessly exposed the inherent contradictions of capitalism and made genius speculations about the future of society. They believed that capitalism is a world where right and wrong are inverted, a society where one's own happiness is built on the basis of the sufferings of other people, and a society of egotism and speculative frauds, which is the root cause of all evils. They also made a number of predictions about the future of society. It provides valuable ideological material for inspiring the working class to enlightenment and useful ideological material for scientific socialism.