China's thesis on architectural aesthetics

Aesthetic Characteristics of China Ancient Architecture Creation Art

Abstract: Architecture is a material entity created by human beings in the process of processing and transforming nature according to practical principles, and it is also in this kind of attachment.

In the process of industrial transformation, the law of beauty is applied to inject aesthetic thoughts into works of art with aesthetic value. This paper expounds the development stages of architecture in China.

The aesthetic characteristics of ancient buildings in China are analyzed from the aspects of architectural plane, roof, color and overall layout.

Keywords: China ancient architecture; Aesthetic characteristics; Color; rhythm

Architecture is an important part of human culture, which preserves a large number of cultures.

Art treasures reflect people's aesthetic needs, and at the same time, ancient buildings are like

Advocate the legal rights of class society. China architecture is the most outstanding independent work in the East.

Compared with western architecture, engineering technology is also extremely special. Many buildings

It is not only a monument to the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, but also a huge artistic heritage.

Architectural aesthetics is an aesthetics that studies the general law of the aesthetic relationship between architecture and reality.

Category is a science that studies aesthetic problems in the field of architecture. Ba Jian, a classical aesthetician

Architecture ranks first in the art category, and is called the three plastic arts together with architecture, painting and sculpture.

Surgery. The architectural art is characterized by symbolism, functionality, regionality and the intersection of time and space.

Sex and technology. Building users get aesthetic feeling and enjoyment in the practical process.

People's aesthetic feeling of architecture is whole-hearted, and different people can use different ones.

Viewing the aesthetics of architecture from the perspective. The aesthetic characteristics of China architecture are not only manifested in

Structurally, it is also reflected in the roof, color and symmetrical plane layout.

1 development stages and types of architecture in China

China architecture has maintained its unique personality in the long development process.

The development of architecture in China can be roughly summarized into three stages: Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qin and Han Dynasties.

Duan is the germination and growth period of architecture, and Qin and Western Han Dynasties are the first climax of development. Wei State (AD 220-265)

The period from Jin, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasty is the stage of China's architecture gradually developing and maturing.

More brilliant, this is the second climax; The Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties is a stage of enrichment and summary.

The Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty was the third climax. These three stages are Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Ming Dynasty.

Qing dynasty architecture is one of the representatives.

Traditional architecture in China is dominated by Han architecture, mainly including cities and palaces.

Temples, temples, tombs, temples, pagodas, grottoes, gardens, government agencies, civil public buildings,

There are roughly 15 kinds of landscapes: pavilions, palaces, houses, the Great Wall, bridges and so on. , such as

Architectural sketches such as memorial archways, stone tablets and Chinese watches. They have the same development process, but

Different times, different regions and different styles.

2 Aesthetic characteristics of ancient buildings in China

2. 1 Unique wood structure building

The ancient buildings in China are different from those in Europe, India and Islam. They are mainly

It is a masonry building with wood structure, not a masonry load-bearing wall structure.

This determines that the development direction of ancient Chinese architectural structure is mainly wood structure.

The structure of. This is related to the application of materials and technical structures, which not only

It has the significance of engineering technology and shows a unique knot because of its ingenious combination.

The beauty of structure and decoration embodies the content of architectural beauty. Especially the wood structure system, which originally

The complexity and subtlety of the body is incomparable to masonry, and it is also fully reflected.

The wisdom of the people of China. Building in the form of wood structure saves materials, labor and facilities.

As far as working hours are concerned, it is superior to stone buildings. The development system of building wood structure in China mainly

The main reason is that the technical breakthrough of wood structure is not enough to constitute a major building.

Seeking the limit in design thought, it is proved that this architectural structure form is the most reasonable and

The most perfect, so China Building is the most economical building.

2.2 architectural plane rich spatial sequence

The ancient buildings in China have two different artificial environments: one is residential architecture.

Build a group and present a reasonable and regular layout; One is natural landscapes such as mountains and rivers.

The composition of modular garden buildings is free. Any kind of architectural form,

Program arrangement in layout is the core of architectural creativity. Therefore, the layout of the program

Arrangement is the soul of China ancient architectural design art, because they control the people in the building.

The sense gained when moving in a group, the order of the size and intensity of the scene becomes

In order to express an important means of perfect thought, no matter what kind of expansion is formed, it is restrained.

Stumbling, spatial order with preface, climax and ending. This is true regardless of the composition method.

Attach great importance to the pursuit of neutral, simple, implicit and profound aesthetic character, reflecting

China people's national aesthetic habits.

China architecture pays special attention to the beauty of group combination. House-style buildings are being designed.

Two plane forms, square and rectangle, are commonly used in the world, which are axisymmetric.

The composition is rigorous and has a cross axis, such as an altar temple building; Palaces and residential buildings

The main buildings are arranged on the north-south longitudinal axis and the east-west horizontal axis.

Arrange secondary buildings. This combination expands the practical space of the building.

Greatly strengthened the stability of the whole building complex; Aesthetically, creation and distribution

The beauty of architectural group image with China national characteristics is balanced, symmetrical,

Harmonious, elegant and solemn aesthetic feeling. Use walls and corridors to form a closed whole.

Space, showing a serious, square and orderly sense of space, symbolizes ancient China.

Orderly human order.

Most of the garden buildings are tortuous in layout, irregular and asymmetrical in layout, full of interest, and return to nature, showing a simulation close to nature.

State. The environmental space is flexible, winding and secluded, and the density is suitable.

There's a lot to see. In order to enrich the aesthetic feeling of space, in landscape architecture,

We often use various techniques such as borrowing scenery, dividing scenery and isolating scenery to arrange and organize space and create.

And expand the space. Among them, borrowing scenery includes borrowing from afar, borrowing from neighbors, borrowing people, borrowing people and borrowing from time to time.

Borrow, etc. These techniques are all aimed at enriching the aesthetic feeling of space and creating art.

Artistic conception is just as Shen Fu said in Six Chapters of a Floating Life: "The large and medium see the small, and the small see the big.

There is reality in the virtual, and there is space in the real, or hidden or exposed, or shallow or deep, not just cyclical.

Word also ".

2.3 Flying Roof

The facade composition of China buildings is generally similar to that of western buildings, namely

There is a roof above, a house in the middle and a platform below. But these three aspects of China architecture are not three.

One is inseparable. Sometimes these three can develop independently and become a whole.

New architectural forms. A single abutment is an altar, and a building without a house becomes a pavilion or pavilion.

Pavilion. At the same time, they can also repeat the combination method, and the platform base is multilayer.

After adding railings, the roof repeatedly forms layers and eaves, thus forming rich wheels.

Outline, get a strong sense of rhythm.

The stylized building roof embodies the work under the condition of wood frame system.

Harmonious unity of ability, technical practice and aesthetic image. Roof design, made in China.

Pay special attention to architecture, which sums up the whole house. It is not easy to build a wooden structure.

Increase the building volume, but the roof can play this role in design. At the same time,

The roof is the focus of people's sight. In the long run, it can form the city skyline.

The contour gives people a beautiful and soft feeling; Seen from a close distance, it can give the whole

Architecture is a personality characteristic. The roof is characterized by far eaves and rich decoration.

The components of the bucket arch and roof are arc-shaped, which plays a role in protecting the components and has achieved great success.

Volume and more changes. Flexibility of roofs and slopes, ridges and upturned cornices

Curves make it the most prominent formal feature of China architecture. Bai believes that,

Some cornices in China buildings play a dynamic role and have the beauty of flying. poetic sentiment

Xiaoya Sigan wrote: "If you think of wings, you will feel like an arrow;" Like a bird, like a feather army.

Flying ",these poems are based on the flying potential of birds to describe the flying under the eaves of ancient China.

Beauty. Architecture is static, and the beauty of flying turns static into dynamic.

It is light and handsome, it wants to fly, giving people great beauty.

2.4 Color in the performance of the building

The colors of ancient buildings in China are bold and used to large areas of primary colors.

-Yellow, red, blue, green, blue, black and white. The purpose of painting on the wood surface is to

In order to achieve the practical purpose of anti-corrosion, because of its proper color distribution, it also plays a beautiful artistic effect.

Surgical effect. The distribution of architectural colors in China is very cautious, and bright colors are the main ones.

I have accumulated a lot of experience in color contrast and coordination. The shadow under the eaves,

The main color is mostly "cool color", such as cyan; The columns and walls are mainly red,

Contrary to the cool color under the eaves, strengthen the contrast of the shadow part. In the green mountains and green waters

The south is beautiful and evergreen, and the color of the house is influenced by climate, environment and society.

Ring, mostly white walls, gray tiles and black, dark green and other colors of beams and columns, and form a phase with the environment.

Harmonious, beautiful and elegant style.

Besides aesthetics, the color application of ancient buildings in China was also influenced by feudal society.

The restrictions of the middle class. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the color has been strict.

Divided into grades: gold, yellow, red, green, cyan, blue, black, white and gray. Palace building gold,

Yellow and red; The official residence is blue, blue and blue; And private houses can only use black and white ash. I

Now what children generally see are palaces and temples in the Qing Dynasty, all made of yellow stained glass.

Tile roof and scarlet roof, in the shadow under the eaves with blue and green, with a little gold, and then lined.

The well-defined white stone bridge abutment makes the building more magnificent.

The application of such strong and bright colors in architecture has achieved such a perfect effect.

This is rare in world architecture.

2.5 The overall layout reflects the beauty of rhythm and rhythm.

Rhythm and prosody, if abstracted as the law of artistic form beauty, are similar to.

An effect of time, this artistic effect used in architecture, is to regard architecture as

A work of art symbolizing time. It has the same artistic effect as music,

"Architecture is a kind of solidified music, and music is a flowing building", which is a German poem.

Goethe's famous saying, because "the artistic conception caused by architecture is very close to the effect of music."

The Parthenon in Greece is made of exquisite marble, gold and ivory. number

Using cement and nails, this combination makes the building seamless and perfect.

Beauty is called "the crown of world art" in the history of art, and people watch it every day.

A perfect work of art, the spirit is cultivated, the feelings are cultivated and naturally cultivated.

Become a sound personality. This kind of building has the same musical effect.

The beauty of rhythm and rhythm embodied in the plastic arts of ancient buildings in China,

It has a great influence on the cultivation and cultivation of people's hearts. China's regiment was built in Pingping.

On the surface layout, relatively complex clusters are formed with some simple basic units.

Structurally, the room is a unit, several rooms are connected into a house, and several houses are arranged along the base.

The surrounding layout, * * * with a quadrangle. Strictly symmetrical in form, but still changing,

Maintain a unified style in diverse changes. From houses to palaces.

The core part, the more important building, must have a heavy courtyard as a prelude.

People's progress is carried out step by step, with clear priorities and mutual echoes. Like music, from

From the main entrance to the last courtyard, it shows the prologue, climax and ending, full of charm and vivid rhyme.

The harmony of law. Schopenhauer once said in On Artistic Features, "If you look at a plane,

Look, it's the arrangement of attic, gallery and pavilion, which is 3/4 beat in music;

From the vertical direction, it is also the superposition of platform, column, column and surface plate, which is very similar to sound.

4/4 beats in the rhythm of music. "This sense of rhythm and rhythm is called the beauty of music.

China's architectural space combination, like music, is one movement after another.

There is a rhythm, often with different shapes, sizes, open and closed contrast, dark and empty.

The reality is different, step by step, until the scenery is completely presented, reaching the climax of viewing.

Then gradually converge and end, and this harmonious and perfect continuous spatial sequence is presented.

Show a strong sense of rhythm.

3 Conclusion

China architecture has a long history and rich cultural heritage in China.

Civilization. China's architectural artistic conception, aesthetic value and rich culture are priceless.

It can cultivate our sentiment, enhance our aesthetic taste and enrich our horizons.

Line. From modern times to today, as China people, we have been building traditional soil in China.

In fact, architects should absorb, learn from and carry forward.

References:

[1] Hou Youbin. China architectural aesthetics [M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, 1997.

[2] Liu Xuejun. Aesthetic concept of ancient architectural literature [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002.

[3] Wu. China architectural tradition and new unity [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2003.