The Heritage and Development of Huzhou Bamboo School

Bamboo painting is a specialty unique to Chinese painting with a long history. In Chinese painting, there are two ways of bamboo painting: one is colorful bamboo, which belongs to bird and flower painting; the other is ink bamboo painting, which is mainly ink bamboo, and the bamboo painting in the Four Gentlemen's Painting is ink bamboo painting, which is a typical literati painting.

The origin of Chinese ink bamboo painting has not been finalized. In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi said in the Song of Painting Bamboo, "Bamboo is difficult to write among plants, and there is nothing like it even though it is painted in the ancient and modern times." It can be seen that before Bai Juyi, there have been bamboo paintings. As the bamboo painting was not handed down, so I do not know whether the color or ink bamboo.

Tang dynasty painting bamboo has been an independent subject, began to appear specialized in painting bamboo famous artists such as xiao yue. He is good at painting bamboo, a color and elegant. Here the "one color" may be pure green or green, rather than black ink bamboo paintings, but has begun to bamboo art abstraction, is the work of colorful bamboo paintings to the ink bamboo paintings of the key step. Xiao Yue valued his art so much that some people begged him to paint only one pole and one branch for a year, but he hadn't gotten it yet. On one occasion, he painted fifteen sticks of bamboo and gave them to the poet Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi thanked him for his kindness and praised his art, and wrote the above "Song of Painting Bamboo". Wentong, with the word and can, the self-proclaimed Mr. Xiaoxiao, known as Mr. Shilu, etc., Zizhou Yongtai (present-day Yanting East, Sichuan Province) people. When he was young, he studied hard, and at the age of 20, he excelled in talent and was praised and envied by others. He successively served as Qiongzhou, Yangzhou and other governors, but he "look at the painting pavilion sitting silently, reciting poetry on the shore of the micro line. People say idle governor, calling himself Mr. Stealing Luk". He was not interested in the fame, but just loved to read and paint. At the beginning of Yuanfeng, the 61-year-old Wen Tong was appointed governor of Huzhou, and passed away in Chenzhou without arriving at the office, known as Wen Huzhou. Wentong was good at poetry and calligraphy, and was also a skilled painter and calligrapher. He was good at calligraphy and painting. He was good at seal script, official script, running script, cursive script, and flying white script. In particular, Wentong loved to paint bamboo. Wentong and Su Shi are cousins, but also the best friends in poetry, calligraphy and painting, once in more than ten feet long silk painting color supine bamboo to Su Shi. Su Shi specially wrote "Wen and can paint Yuandang Valley supine bamboo record" an article, explaining the theory of Wen Tong's ink bamboo painting, put forward "into the bamboo in the chest" of the famous assertion.

Wen Tong ink bamboo painting, greatly exceeded the predecessor, the so-called "yellow bell a shock, the kettle lost its voice". Su Shi describes Wentong painting bamboo, "brush familiar with, is to see what it wants to paint, and quickly rise from the, vibration pen straight attempt to chase what it saw, such as rabbit migratory birds, less vertical is gone," it seems that the Wentong painting bamboo belongs to the school of writing. However, a closer look at the ink bamboo paintings handed down by the same, his painting style is still more realistic. The rods, branches, leaves and nodes painted by Wentong are very much like real bamboo. Wentong was especially good at drawing bamboo leaves, "using dark ink for the face and light ink for the back". In some of Wentong's ink bamboo paintings, the bamboo leaves are painted with thick ink on the front side and light ink on the back side, and the thickness of the ink on the front and back side is staggered. Not only that, Wentong also the tip of the leaf wind flip turn fold are meticulously drawn out, painting the bamboo joints are sketched and rendered, due to Wentong painting bamboo, the abstract beauty of Chinese calligraphy and the layout of the beauty of the introduction of the ink bamboo painting, so that the ink bamboo paintings away from the work of colorful flowers and birds and formed a school of its own, so its ink bamboo paintings are realistic but not cumbersome, the form of God, both, was very popular. His contemporaries, such as Su Shi, studied his painting method, and there were more followers afterward, thus forming the "Huzhou Bamboo School" in Chinese painting, and Wentong became a generation of masters. The four great masters, Wentong, Su Shi, Zhao Mengfu and Wu Changshuo, were the main representatives of the "Huzhou Bamboo School", of which Zhao Mengfu and Wu Changshuo were locals of Huzhou, and Wentong and Su Shi were both governors of Huzhou, for which the only school of painting that was referred to by the name of a place was the "Huzhou Bamboo School". ", is also the longest history, affecting the whole history of Chinese painting important school of painting, the Ming dynasty lianru compiled "huzhou bamboo school" volume, now jilin art publishing house published by feng chao by "huzhou bamboo school".

Su Shi, also in Huzhou as governor. He loved bamboo, "can make food without meat, not live without bamboo. No meat is thin, no bamboo is vulgar. Thin people can still be fat, Shi vulgar can not be healed", so he painted a handful of good bamboo, is "Huzhou bamboo school" of important figures. Once sitting in the public hall, on the spur of the moment, casually pick up the brush dipped in Zhu ink, painted a Zhu bamboo. Someone said: the world only green bamboo, where the bamboo? He then asked: people use black ink to draw bamboo, the world where there is ink bamboo? It is said that because of his first, later the literati painting is popular in the painting of bamboo. Su Shi painted bamboo to Wen Tong, and at the same time, he gave Wen Tong great help and influence in painting theory. Half a year after the death of the same, Su Shi looked at the same Wen painted "Yuandang Valley lay down bamboo map", see things think of people, the painting cried, with tears, wrote "Wen and can paint Yuandang Valley lay down bamboo record", summarize the theory of the same Wen's bamboo, put forward the painting of bamboo, "must first get into the bamboo in the chest," the idea of bamboo.

Su Shi painted bamboo, "from the ground up to the top", unlike the common people one section of the bamboo pole. When Mi Fu asked him what this was all about, he replied, "When the bamboo was born, why was it born section by section?" In response to the tendency of painting at that time to emphasize only resemblance and not resemblance, he put forward the opinion that "when painting is based on resemblance, one should see the neighbor of the child". Mr. and Mrs. Zhao Mengfu

During the Yuan Dynasty, the literati ink play became a trend in the painting world, and there were many great masters of ink and bamboo, forming the peak period of Chinese ink and bamboo painting. Zhao Mengfu, Piping Sheng, Ke Jiusi, Wu Zhen, Gu An, and Li Xizai, father and son, were all masters of painting ink bamboo.

Particularly Zhao Mengfu, as an all-round painter, was capable of everything from figures, landscapes, flowers, bamboo and rocks, and was particularly famous for painting horses. Zhao Mengfu painted bamboo in ink, and was able to use Fei Bai as stone and Jin Erzhu as bamboo in ink. The bamboos and stones he painted were a combination of the real and the imaginary, and they reflected each other in an interesting way. Mrs. Zhao Mengfu's wife, Pip Sheng, who was good at painting and calligraphy, started to create clear bamboo and new bamboo groves. The same with flying white for the boulders, pipe rising painted boulders more richly layered, clear bamboo bamboo leaves painted with thick ink, pavilion as alive. Mrs. tube also painted a branch of bamboo cliff, Yang Lianfu inscription: "net got coral branches, thrown to Yuandang Valley." And the pipeline created by the ascendant of the "nest bamboo", become "Huzhou bamboo school" masterpieces.　Zhao Mengfu put forward the idea of "painting and calligraphy are the same", following the tradition of "painting and calligraphy are the same", and advocated the idea of "using calligraphy to paint", that is, to express one's own temperament through the use of calligraphic brush strokes; he also put forward the famous "Theory of Ancient Ideas". He also put forward the famous "Ancient Idea Theory", which is in essence "borrowing the past to open up the present" by revisiting the interests of the Jin and Tang dynasties and creating a new style for the times. Song Ke, Wang Sash, Xia Chang and others in the Ming Dynasty basically inherited the painting methods of Song and Yuan people.

Song Ke, the word Zhongwen, parents Chau Nangong Li, self-proclaimed Nangong Sheng. Specializing in cursive, most of the ink bamboo painting is fine bamboo, good at painting bush Huang, inch Gang feet moat, the layout of the dense, but also with rain and smoke, far-reaching mood. Once at the end of the test court documents, with Zhu pen sweep bamboo. Zhang Boyu "occasionally see a branch of red stone" sentence, is to refer to the Songke Zhu bamboo.

Wang Sash, the word Meng Duan, No. You Shi, also known as Jiulong Shanren, Wuxi. Wang Sash's ink and bamboo paintings were famous for their mastery of Wentong and Wu Zhen's legacy. Wang Sash's ink bamboo paintings can be seen in the vigorous posture and charm, and the vertical and horizontal outside see free. In a square inch, his paintings have the charm of Xiangqi'ao, revealing all sorts of wonderful things. Wang Sash's ink bamboo paintings are all about creative inspiration, and he must be inspired to put down his brush. People who liked his paintings sent him gold and silk to force him to do so, but he would not accept them. One day, he had heard the melodious sound of a blowjob under the moon, and on the spur of the moment, he wrote a picture of Bamboo and Stone, and the next day, he brought this picture to look for the last night's blowjob man, and sent the picture to him. The piper is a merchant, has always admired Wang Sash's paintings, received the "Bamboo and Stone", overjoyed, and hastened to return a red carpet, and asked him to paint another, so that they can be matched as a pair. Wang Sash laughed: I came to visit you for the sound of the xiao, I wanted to use the bamboo as a xiao in return, I can't imagine that you are such a vulgar person. Said Wang Sash to return to the Bamboo and Stone Figure, tore it.

Xia Chang, the word Zhongzhao, the name of ZiZhiJushi, also known as YuFeng, Kunshan people. Xia Chang painted ink bamboo, master of Wang Sash, can get it wonderful, at that time pushed as the first. He painted ink bamboo, supine, upright, density, smoke posture, rain color are quite a rule, is a painter who seeks the law. His works were also famous abroad, at that time there was such a song: "Xiaqing a bamboo, Western Liang a ingot of gold."

Lu Dezhi, a native of Qiantang, resided in Jiaxing, with the character Kongsun and the name Qianyan. Calligraphy is exquisite, good at writing ink bamboo, claiming to get Wu Zhonggui strokes, and the upper Cheng Wen Huzhou. In his later years, his right arm got sick, and he changed to use his left hand to write and paint, and his style was especially good. It is said that he wrote orchids and bamboos, when he was not valuable, everyone can beg, but when he wrote the most satisfactory works, he treasured, and said to people: "I will stay to check the difference between young and strong, mature and mature into the long also."

Xu Wei (1521---1593), the word Wenchang, the number of Tianchi, also known as Qingteng, Zhejiang Shanyin (now Shaoxing), is the Ming Dynasty Jiajing, Wanli period with innovative ideas of the literati and painters and calligraphers. He had a rough life, but was full of Romantic passion. His poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, opera and even swordsmanship were all first-rate. He created the method of ink and watercolor painting, together with poems and inscriptions, blended into one, creating a new style of literati painting. Influence, contributed to the rise of Shi Tao, Bada, Zheng Banqiao, Li Eel, Zhao Zhiqian, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi and other great. Zheng Banqiao even engraved a seal, since the cloud "Qingteng door under the dog". The late Ming and early Qing dynasty Shi Tao (1640 --- about 1718), formerly known as Zhu Ruoji, born in the chaotic world, was originally the descendant of Guilin Chingjing Wang, monk, renamed Yuanji, Yuanji, Chaoji, Daoji, the word Shi Tao, the name of the big polyester, Qingxiang old man, Qingxiang Chen people. Shi Tao painted bamboo, brushwork unrestrained, out of the box, open ink bamboo painting style of the first. Shi Tao painting bamboo with raw Xuan paper, the pen unrestrained, ink dripping, thick and thin dry and wet, thousands of branches and thousands of leaves, a gas, vertical pen straight writing, slightly no stagnation, the generations inherited the Palace Garden meteorology, were his rafter brush swept away, and the trend of the rain and wind, dripping dew caged smoke of the state, one by one, come to the bottom of the pen, known as the "wild war". Shih Tao is highly gifted, the painting ink bamboo, not confined to the shape, to win the momentum, giving people a refreshing feeling.

Yangzhou eight monsters, are also experts in ink and bamboo painting, especially Zheng Banqiao, a lifetime of effort to specialize in orchids and bamboos, the depth of the work, and not others can be compared. Because he could return to life from time to time, with the unfamiliar ability of artistic perception, so he could always maintain a vigorous creative vitality in ink and bamboo painting, and the ink and bamboo painting was endless for decades. Since shi tao created ink and bamboo painting style of capitalization painting, Zheng Xie and created a small writing style of painting, his ink and bamboo paintings, simple and far, through a clear and rigid gas. Huzhou City, specializing in the creation of ink and bamboo painters in the minority, their works have had an impact at home and abroad, the city of a number of folk "bamboo friends" for the inheritance, Yang Yang "Huzhou Bamboo School" of traditional culture, spontaneous composition of the painting world on the "F4", through the network of the "Bamboo", the "Bamboo", the "Bamboo", the "Bamboo", the "Bamboo", the "Bamboo" and the "Bamboo". F4", through the network publicity and dissemination, they founded the web page, online access to more than one million times, become a network of painting "star" and get millions of netizens to support, by the network of painting known as "painting bamboo three Musketeers", in the country and the world have had an impact. The three Musketeers are not professional art creators, but engaged in bamboo painting more than thirty years, a school of its own, and through the network dissemination of this platform, through their own works so that more people understand the "Huzhou Bamboo School" and their performance, their works in the early days of the paintings for paintings, 50 yuan / frame Transfer, and today their paintings are up to the price of 2000 yuan per foot, is the traditional culture and modern network created a new generation of "network painters", June 20, 2013 to 22 in Huzhou Library for the first time in the exhibition of 100 ink bamboo, including four-foot eight joint frame, four-foot four joint frame, four-foot three joint frame, these works are absorbing the traditional and innovative. These works have absorbed the traditional and innovative, the exhibition caused great social repercussions.