Jing Hexi's Artistic Features

Jing Hexi's music is a blend of North and South, with unique charm. The aria of Jing Hexi North Road retains the Yi dialect in the late period of transition from Qin opera to bullet opera, which is a special aria unique to Jing Hexi. There is another way of singing in the north road, which is sung in the south road. It is also called "South to North" and "Zimu Tune", which is used to express the feelings of missing, sadness and terror of the characters, while Zidiao expresses the feelings of dying and death, which is also rare in other leather spring plays. There are many special singing methods in Jing Hexi North-South Road, such as eighteen boards, thirteen boards, regular eight sentences, dragon wagging tail, positive and negative horsehead tune in South Road, positive and negative boss head, positive and negative eight screens and so on. Jing Hexi's voice is loud and powerful, and the voices used by actors vary according to different occupations. Bearded students often use side voice and sand voice, young students and Dan use falsetto, and Hualian uses side band and local voice. Nianbai mainly uses Lizhou Mandarin, and a few plays also use,, and Shaanxi Bai. The accompaniment instruments include Wen and Wu scenes. Literary operas include three strings, suona and flute, while military operas include drums, big gongs, small gongs, horse gongs, head cymbals and two cymbals. The traditional performance style of the jockey is very special, that is, throwing the gong into the air before playing.

Jing Hexi's performance is very distinctive. He always pays attention to things, paying attention to eight pieces of kung fu inside and outside. The so-called eight stages of kung fu, eight stages outside. Kunqu Opera entered Jing Hexi late, usually accompanied by flute or suona, so it is also called drum blowing. Later, it was gradually replaced by a bullet chamber. Only a few high-pitched operas and Kunqu opera have survived.

Opera cavity is the main vocal cavity in Jing Hexi, including North Road, South Road and specific tune. Among them, the north road is sonorous and vigorous, the south road is delicate and euphemistic, and the specific tone is ups and downs. It is generally believed that its North Road is a combination of Shaanxi Opera and local folk music. According to local chronicles, Li Zicheng captured Lizhou in March (1643) in the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, and then Zhang entered Lizhou. In the second year, Li Zicheng's wife came to Lizhou with a high rate of 300,000 people, and the children of the army brought Shaanxi opera to make the local people imitate songs, thus becoming the beginning of the North Road. The south road and specific tone in Jing Hexi bullet chamber formed late. It is generally believed that its south road is greatly influenced by Huizhou tune. In the early Qing Dynasty, Huizhou Tune was performed in Lizhou, and Jing Hexi artists absorbed the essence of Huizhou Tune and formed a unique Southern Tune.

Jing Hexi's singing varies from profession to profession. Bearded students often use "edge tone" and "sand tone", young students and Dan's feet use falsetto, painted faces often use "edge tone", and Little Face and Lao Dan use their own voices. Singing features are rich, with a unique high, loud and magnificent style. Nianbai mainly talks about "Lizhou Mandarin" which is close to Mandarin, and a few plays also use Shaanxi Bai. Jing Hexi's role can be divided into six lines: life, niche, Dan, Lao Dan, painted face and ugliness. Life can be divided into four types: old students, miscellaneous students, normal students and red students. Dan can be divided into five types: Zheng Dan, Boudoir Dan, Huadan, wudan and Yao Dan, and the painted face can be divided into three types: big painted face, hairy painted face and bully painted face. Jing Hexi's performance pays attention to eight internal and external skills. The inner eight kungfu skills refer to the inner feelings of the characters, such as joy, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, doubt, infatuation and drunkenness, while the outer eight kungfu skills refer to eight external body movements, such as waving hands, standing and standing, kicking, letting the waist go, galloping, swinging the crotch and stepping. Jing Hexi is famous for his martial arts, especially his various postures of fighting horses and shaking shells.

Life is mainly about playing a man with a beard and no face. It can be divided into old students, miscellaneous students, normal students and red students. Xiao Sheng, a handsome young man with no beard, is generally divided into six types according to the characters' clothes: Zijin Guan Opera, Erlong Fork Opera, Headscarf Wrapping Opera, Shamao Opera, Childe Headscarf Wrapping Opera and Luomao Opera. Dandan can be divided into five types: Zheng Dan, Guimendan, Huadan, wudan and Yao Dan. Lao Dan, who plays the old woman, is divided into two categories: the poor rely on bamboo poles and the rich rely on crutches. Painted faces are divided into big painted faces, hairy painted faces and bully painted faces. Dahua Lian plays a prominent and elderly role; The hairy face refers to the face that occupies a secondary position in the play; Bullying the weak and fearing the hard, most of them are young, honest, brave and irritable. Clowns, that is, small faces, perform in a wide range, from emperors and princes, sons and young masters to hooligans and robbers, retainers, samurai knights, woodcutter, shepherd boy, flower matchmaker and so on.

Jing Hexi pays great attention to his work. It consists of eight internal "chunks" to express the inner activities and thoughts and feelings of the characters, and eight external "chunks" to express the body movements of the characters. "Inner Eight Blocks" is the expression of inner feelings in eight aspects: good luck, evil, disaster, joy, anger, sadness and joy. The "outer eight blocks" can be used to practice eight physical procedures, such as cloud hand, vertical block, kicking, waist release, riding, stepping forward, hip swing and footstool. Facial expression produces "color shake" and eye function. In particular, the clever use of high square towels, hats, fans, hat wings and beards combined with the head, hands and legs to form various postures of "riding" performances and "shaking the shell" of painted faces is a unique style of Jing Hexi's performing arts. There are more than 30 basic skills and hundreds of techniques, which are complicated and dazzling. There are also some stunts that other operas don't have, such as single horse washing, double ears, fork killing, gossip step and so on, which are unique to Jing Hexi.

Jing Hexi Wushu Field is characterized by playing double cymbals. In the past, many performances were performed in the wild (called "singing opera on the grass platform"). In order to attract the audience, it is necessary to beat gongs and drums on the martial arts field (called "disturbing Taiwan"). At this time, drummers are often not in Nanchang, and no one is in charge. Therefore, the head cymbal operator acted as the drummer's conductor and arranged a set of interconnected music cards in the martial arts field, so that the head cymbal's eyes, cymbal-holding posture and hitting methods were unified and orderly. Later, percussion and suona combined to form "Blowing South Road" (or "Playing Ideas"). So far, people have to hire service personnel for weddings, funerals and happy events.

For a long time, Jing Hexi has reproduced the ups and downs of history and interesting stories on a stage of less than 30 square meters with its unique singing, singing and playing. In the form of "Jing Hexi" loved by working people, it eulogized the truth, goodness and beauty, and lashed the false, evil and ugly, which became a big classroom for Jingchu people to consciously receive ethical education, and also the pursuit and sustenance of the spiritual and cultural life of Hunan and Hubei people. Jing Hexi is popular in Lixian, Linli, Shimen, Cili, Anxiang, Jinshi, Yueyang, Huarong, Yuanjiang, Nanxian, Longshan, Yongshun, Sangzhi, Dayong in Hunan and Songzi, Jiangling, Gongan, Shishou, Jianli, Yichang, Dangyang, Zhijiang, Changyang, Yidu and Hefeng in Hubei. Jing Hexi, also known as Shanghe Opera, Gao Tai Class and Tai Opera, was officially named Jing Hexi in 1954.