What are the new developments of embroidery in Ming Dynasty?

Due to the decline of government-run handicraft industry in Ming Dynasty, it promoted the development of folk handicraft industry, from uncompetitive handicraft industry in government courtyard to specialized production in commercial workshops. Coupled with the great influence of the combination of literati art and embroidery technology in Tang and Song Dynasties, embroidery technology and production gained unprecedented vitality and reached unprecedented prosperity, thus making China traditional embroidery reach its peak.

In the Ming Dynasty, there appeared schools of embroidery art that had a great influence on later generations, such as Gu embroidery in Shanghai, Jing embroidery in Beijing, Bian embroidery in Kaifeng, Lu embroidery in Shandong, and Suzhou embroidery, Yue embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Shu embroidery, which were praised as the "four famous embroideries" by later generations. The Ming Dynasty was also a very developed era of handicraft industry in China. Embroidery continues to flourish on the basis of inheriting the fine traditions of the Song Dynasty and conforming to the ethos of the times. by going up one flight of stairs.

The embroidery craft of Ming Dynasty gave birth to many embroidery varieties. At first, embroidery only used silk thread, but in the Ming Dynasty, some people began to try to use other materials, such as through embroidery, hair embroidery, paper embroidery, tapestry embroidery, stamp embroidery and plain gold embroidery.

Embroidery in Ming Dynasty is the most novel and outstanding. Sprinkler embroidery is based on two twisted yarns, and it is based on the hole embroidery of square hole yarn, with geometric patterns as the main pattern, or with velvet as the main flower.

Sprinkle embroidery, the predecessor of Naxian, belongs to the northern embroidery species. The most famous one is the embroidered women's coat of Jinlong Bai Zi Opera unearthed in Dingling. It consists of six kinds of stitches, such as three strands, wool, twisted thread, covered stem thread, peacock feather wool and flower clip thread, 12 stitches. This is the exquisite embroidery of the Ming Dynasty.

Lu embroidery, clothing embroidery and series embroidery also belong to the northern embroidery department. Lu embroidery is one of the earliest recorded embroideries in China historical documents and belongs to one of the "Eight Famous Embroideries" in China. Once popular in Shandong, Hebei, Henan and other places, its embroidery not only has clothing supplies, but also ornamental paintings and calligraphy works of art.

The style of Lu embroidery is different from other embroideries, with dark fabric as the background, colorful twisted double-ply garment thread as the embroidery thread, needle winding, seed beating, needle roller, silk reeling, needle embroidery, needle sewing and other stitches, and folk favorite figures, mandarin ducks, butterflies, hibiscus flowers, etc., but lotus flowers are rare.

Clothing embroidery has the characteristics of thick silk thread, long stitch, thin silk thread and stable color. Its simple and extensive stitches and rich and simple patterns are quite different from the colorful filaments of Jiangnan boudoir embroidery, which embodies the rough and bold style of northern folk embroidery. Clothing thread embroidery not only has practical supplies, but also has ornamental paintings and calligraphy works of art.

Series embroidery is to decorate the fabric surface with special embroidery thread. These embroidery threads include two strongly twisted garment threads. There are iron stems with horsehair or fine copper wires and multi-strand wires as the core and tightly wrapped with colored velvet wires for external use.

There is a kind of dragon-wrapped column thread with thin thread as the core and thick double-stranded strong twisted thread as the external application, which makes beaded particles appear on the surface. Nail lines are generally made of the same color silk thread, and the nail lines in two adjacent rows are evenly staggered.

Nail thread embroidery has been popular since the Tang and Song Dynasties, but it is mainly used as the hook edge of patterns and the tendrils of some linear patterns. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, silk was twisted into threads and nailed flat, and was generally printed directly on clothes, such as the waist of robes, for special decoration.

On the basis of inheriting the excellent tradition of Song embroidery, the artistic embroidery of Ming Dynasty was invented. Especially in the Ming Dynasty, embroidery families and individuals specialized in embroidery appeared.