How to develop agriculture in the next few years will be better.

First, from decentralized management to large-scale development.

The large-scale production of agriculture is to cultivate on a concentrated land by using advanced agricultural production technology and efficient agricultural machinery. It can not only improve the labor productivity of agriculture, but also reduce the production cost per unit land area and increase the output under the premise of a certain production input, so that the prices of agricultural products have a competitive advantage in the market, and it can also promote the development of a series of related industries such as transportation, agricultural machinery manufacturing, maintenance services, storage and drying, and form a development situation of large agriculture.

Of course, the development of large-scale agriculture needs a process and a series of problems need to be solved. The first is the problem of land concentration. Adhering to the rural household contract responsibility system is a long-term and unchangeable basic national policy of China. However, the state also encourages qualified areas to guide farmers to transfer their land management rights to skilled farmers in order to improve the utilization efficiency of cultivated land resources. Farmers who leave the land can develop secondary and tertiary industries and engage in breeding, processing, transportation and labor services.

However, large-scale agricultural production has become a reality in areas with relatively rich land resources in China. For example, Erdaohe Farm in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area, which was built in 1980s in China, has more than 90 mu of cultivated land per capita, and the terrain is flat and contiguous. At the beginning of construction, the farm took modern farm standards as the construction goal, equipped with advanced agricultural machinery and equipment, and the agricultural labor force was small and refined, coupled with advanced agricultural measures and management, thus creating a high labor productivity comparable to that of agriculture in developed countries. Each agricultural worker produces 6.5438+0.45 million kilograms of grain and beans every year, with an output value exceeding 6.5438+0.2 million yuan. The same is true of Friendship Farm, where airplanes spray pesticides and trace fertilizers. All agricultural activities are carried out by modern large-scale clusters, and scientific breeding standardization operations are carried out; Modern agricultural information technology is used in production management and CIMS computer integrated production system is used to guide agricultural production. The planting structure of main crops such as rice, soybean, wheat and cash crops is scientific and reasonable; According to soil fertilization, improved varieties are cultivated, supplemented by supporting water conservancy projects and sprinkler irrigation equipment, ensuring high agricultural yield. The goal of "high labor productivity, high commodity rate and high economic benefit" has been basically achieved.

The second is the development from traditional agriculture to ecological agriculture.

At present, China's agriculture is in the transition period from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and the production tools are gradually mechanized. More and more fertilizers, pesticides, plastic films, electricity and fuel have been put into use, and the crop output has been continuously improved. But the following problems are: a large number of chemical fertilizers lead to water pollution and soil hardening; The unreasonable use of pesticides leads to the pollution of soil, water and agricultural products, and pests become rampant again after they develop drug resistance; The use of plastic film causes white pollution, destroys soil structure and reduces crop yield. To solve these problems, we must vigorously develop ecological agriculture.

Under the principle of coordinated development of economy and environment, economic agriculture refers to an agricultural production system in harmony with nature, which is established and developed by using systematic engineering methods according to the principles of ecology, eco-economics, energy conversion law and the law of mutual nourishment among living things, combined with the local resource structure, and paying attention to the organic relationship among people, animals, plants and soil. It requires the combination of grain production with various cash crop production, planting with forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishery, large-scale agriculture with the development of secondary and tertiary industries, using the essence of traditional agriculture and modern science and technology, artificially designing ecological projects, coordinating the relationship between economic development and environment, resource utilization and protection, forming a virtuous circle of ecology and economy, and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.

As an ecological agriculture, the following conditions must be met: (1) Use beneficial natural enemies or mechanical weeding methods, and do not use chemically synthesized pesticides, herbicides and plant growth regulators; (2) replacing soluble chemical fertilizer with biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer and long-acting fertilizer; (3) returning crop straws to the field to maintain soil fertility; (4) Utilize crop stalks to generate electricity to form renewable energy and use it as livestock feed to form a circular economy; (5) Conservation tillage is adopted to conserve water and soil; (6) Control the livestock carrying capacity of grassland and protect the ecological environment; (7) Do not use antibiotics; (8) Do not use transgenic technology.

The third is the development from natural agriculture to facility agriculture.

China has a vast territory, with great differences in soil types and climatic conditions. There are many historical debts in infrastructure construction in the producing areas, and the ability to resist natural disasters such as drought and flood is poor. Although China's current financial situation can not meet the needs of large-scale agricultural facilities construction, it is a direction to develop facility agriculture in the future. Agricultural irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas in the west, transformation of middle and low yield fields in the east and northeast and construction of engineering facilities, and comprehensive management of waterlogged areas in agricultural areas along the river are the key points of China's agricultural development in the future. At present, some cities and regions with developed economy and lack of land resources in China have established some high-tech, high-input facility agriculture and achieved gratifying results. After careful design, agricultural experts have transformed farm-style agricultural production into an agricultural park, integrating agricultural planting, greening environment and sightseeing, and labor will also become a pleasant job. In Heilongjiang reclamation area, in order to solve the problem of low temperature in early spring, rice seedlings are cultivated in plastic greenhouses and vegetables, flowers and seedlings are produced in solar greenhouses. In order to solve the problem of intermittent drought, many farms have been equipped with sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation machinery.

Fourth, from mechanized agriculture to "computer automatic control" management.

The operation of large-scale agricultural machinery has greatly improved the working efficiency of modern agriculture, and the application of computer intelligent management module system in agriculture will make agricultural modernization management go to a new level. The highest form of agricultural development in the future should be high automation and precision, and the successful experience of developed countries has opened up the development direction for us.

Fifth, production organizations and services are developing in the direction of specialization.

After China's entry into WTO, China's future agricultural production organizations and services will closely follow the development trend of the world, set up corresponding professional service organizations such as agricultural associations, provide all-round services in all aspects of agriculture before, during and after production, clear channels in time, maximize the output of various crops, minimize the production cost, maximize the added value of processing, achieve the highest sales price and economic benefits, and enable farmers to get greater benefits.