What are the common sense of China ancient paintings that institutions should know in the exam?

In the examination of public institutions, cultural common sense is an important part of the examination. China has a long history and rich culture, leaving behind many achievements that still amaze the world. Today, we will systematically summarize the common sense of China's ancient paintings in the exam.

First, knowledge introduction

(A) the oldest painting

1. The earliest painting form in human history

Mural painting refers to the painting that people paint directly on the wall, which is an accessory part of the building. In primitive society, people painted various figures on cave walls, which was considered as the earliest mural painting in China and the earliest painting form in human history.

Cave and cliff murals are the most prehistoric paintings found now, with the earliest history of about 20 thousand years.

The most famous Taoist mural in China is Yuan Chao Tu in Yongle Palace, Shaanxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty.

2. China's earliest paintings.

(1) 1949 A painting painted on white silk was found in the Chu tomb in the southeast suburb of Changsha, and was later named as the silk painting "Dragon and Phoenix". This ancient painting over 2300 years ago is a banner used at the funeral.

In the picture, a sideways woman with long sleeves and folded hands seems to be praying. A phoenix is flying in the air above the woman's head, with its tail feathers rolled up and a twisted dragon on the left rising upward. Because one foot has peeled off and looks like only one foot, it was once mistaken for osmium.

(2) The Dragon Map is an anonymous silk painting created in the middle and late Warring States Period. 1973 No.1 Tomb of Chu Tomb in Changsha Ammunition Depot was unearthed, lying flat between coffins, and now it is in Hunan Provincial Museum.

The image of the Dragon King depicts the tomb owner Lapras's ascension to heaven. This shirtless silk painting has a bamboo shaft on the top and a silk rope on the shaft. It is a vertical banner, which should be an inscription in Chu tombs during the Warring States period, and belongs to non-clothing silk paintings in the late Warring States period.

3. The earliest extant paper paintings in China.

Han Ming's "Five Cattle Map" is one of the few original paper silk paintings handed down from the Tang Dynasty, and it is also the oldest existing paper Chinese painting, which can be called "the treasure of the town hall" and is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Five cows with different shapes in the painting have different images and postures. They bow their heads or raise their heads, or walk or stay. They are lifelike and seem to be within reach. Han Yun, known as one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings in China", showed the highest level of painting cows in the Tang Dynasty with his simple painting style and exquisite artistic skills.

(2) China ancient painting knowledge.

1. Six Dynasties

"Three Outstanding Artists in Six Dynasties" refers to three famous painters and calligraphers in China's painting history during the Six Dynasties, namely Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Tanwei in the Southern Song Dynasty and Zhang Sengyou in the Southern Song Dynasty, and is called "Three Outstanding Artists in Painting".

(1) Gu Kaizhi is called the "Three Musts" because of his unique painting, talent and infatuation. Gu Kaizhi conveys the spirit through painting, and his ideas of "wonderful thinking" and "conveying the spirit through form" laid the foundation for the development of traditional painting in China. His works include Illustration of Women's History and Illustration of Luo Shenfu.

(2) "Make the finishing point" tells the story of a monk friend Zhang, who created a "bone-removing method" using only colors instead of ink bones.

2. Sui and Tang Dynasties

(1) The earliest extant scroll painting of You Chuntu by Sui Zhanziqian. One of the pictures of the four seasons (the other three pictures: a boy playing in the water, falling leaves and walking in the snow)

(2) Yan, a native of the Tang Dynasty, works such as "Kings of Past Dynasties" and "Travel Maps".

(3) Wu Daozi (Painting Sage), who mainly creates murals, has such works as The Map of Hell, The Volume of Born of Gautama Buddha, The Seal Carving of Ming Taizu, The Fingers of Zhong Kui, etc. Wu Daozi is good at painting Buddha statues, and his brushwork is round, and his clothes are blown by the wind, so he is known as "the wind in the Wu Dynasty". Its original religious image style is called "Wu family". Su Shi believes that "painting to Wu Daozi, the change of ancient and modern times, the world can be done."

3. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period

Gu, painter of Southern Tang Dynasty. His work "Han Xizai Banquet Map" depicts a scene in which an official, Han Xizai's family, gave a banquet and sang and had fun. This painting depicts a complete process of banquets in Hanfu, that is, playing the pipa, watching the dance, resting between banquets, playing the flute and seeing off the guests. The lines of the whole work are vigorous and smooth, neat and fine, and the composition is imaginative.

This painting has a very important position in the history of art and represents the highest level of ancient meticulous painting.

4. Northern Song Dynasty

(1) Li, a literati painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is good at figures, landscapes, pommel horses, flowers and birds, and bamboo stones. He is good at both writing and writing, and created a figure painting with stick figures as the mainstay. Representative works include Five Horses Map and Longmian Mountain Villa Map.

(2) The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from ancient times in China. For the genre painting of the Northern Song Dynasty. It depicts the scenery along the Tokyo River in the Northern Song Dynasty and reflects the economic development in the Northern Song Dynasty.

(3) Song Huizong and Evonne created a calligraphy font, which was later called "Thin Gold Book". Playing the bomb, painting and calligraphy, singing and lyrics are all good. For Evonne's artistic achievements, critics always think that his flower-and-bird paintings are the highest. The surviving paintings include Fu Turong's Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci.

(4) Wang Ximeng, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, was recognized by a generation of artistic emperors Song Huizong and Evonne, and was personally awarded by Song Huizong and Evonne. After careful teaching, he finally achieved great success. Half a year later, he created a map of thousands of miles across the country, but died in his twenties. A Thousand Miles of Scenery is Wang Ximeng's "masterpiece" and is regarded as one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings in China".

5. Yuan Dynasty

(1) Zhao Mengfu, the 11th grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, is the representative work Drinking Horses in Autumn Suburbs.

(2) The painter of the Huang and Yuan Dynasties, the masterpiece Fuchun, is known as "Lanting in Painting".

6. Ming and Qing Dynasties

(1) Shen Zhou, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, is represented by the high map of Lushan Mountain, and his brushwork is rough, represented by the farewell map of Jingjiang River.

(2) Tang Yin, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, was named Bohu, also named Liu Ru, such as a layman, the owner of the Peach Blossom Temple, and an immortal official who became a monk. He claimed to be "the first romantic genius in the south of the Yangtze River", and his masterpieces include Ming Tu, Wang Shu Palace Prostitute Tu (also known as Palace Prostitute Tu), Riding a Donkey and Thinking of Home, etc.

(3) Zhu Da, a painter in the Qing Dynasty, namely Badashan people, and Shi Tao, Xi Shi and Hong Ren were called the four eminent monks in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The masterpiece "Stone Waterbird".

(4) Zheng Xie (xiè), a native of Banqiao, was a painter in Qing Dynasty. It is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" (Luo Pin, Li, Shan Li, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang and Wang), and is most famous for his paintings. His works include Map of Shi Jing, Zhu Lan, etc.

(3) China's ancient painting theory works.

1. The Catalogue of Ancient Paintings is the painting theory work of Sheikh, a figure painter in Southern Qi Dynasty, and the first complete painting theory work in the history of China painting. He first put forward that the purpose of painting is: "be clear and remonstrate, raise and sink, be lonely for thousands of years, and learn from it." Point out the effect of receiving education through real description. The emergence of this theoretical understanding is a progressive phenomenon.

2. Zhang Yanyuan's Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties was an important calligrapher and painting theorist in the late Tang Dynasty. It is the first painting general history book with complete style, history and theory in China. This book consists of seven volumes, collecting biographical data of more than 370 painters and descriptions of their works. It is a systematic masterpiece of painting history, with epoch-making significance in the development of China's painting history, and it is a classic document to study the history of ancient painting in China.

3. The Famous Paintings of Tang Dynasty written by Zhu is the earliest extant dynastic history of painting in China. Describe the Tang Dynasty 120 painters according to "God, Miao, Energy and Yi".

4. The Record of Zhenguan Public and Private Paintings by Pei in Tang Dynasty is the earliest existing painting record, which initially formed a painting record system and created a precedent for the study of painting historical materials.

Second, this example shows that

Chinese painting has a long history, which of the following painters was the earliest:

A. Yan Liben

B. Tang Yin

C. Zheng Banqiao

D. Wen Zhiming

Answer A. Analysis: Option A: Yan Tang Dynasty painter, whose works include "Imperial Pictures of Past Dynasties" and "Walking Pictures". Tang Yin in option B and Wen Zhiming in option D are painters of Ming Dynasty, and they are called "Four Talents in Wuzhong" together with Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing. Zheng Banqiao was a painter in the Qing Dynasty. As one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, Zhu Lan is the most famous painter. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is A.

Third, the form of investigation

This knowledge point is a memory test site, which requires candidates to focus on daily accumulation.