What is the meaning of Cold Food Festival

Cold Food Festival: usually the 105th day after the winter solstice. It is similar to the date of Qingming Festival. Before Tang Ruowang's calendar reform in the early Qing Dynasty, the Qingming Festival was set two days after the Cold Food Festival; after Tang's reform, the Qingming Festival was set one day before the Cold Food Festival. In modern times, the 24 solar terms are based on Tang's calendar, so the Cold Food Festival is one day before the Ching Ming Festival. After the founding of New China, many regions equated the Cold Food Festival with the Qingming Festival and celebrated them on the same day.

However, in most areas of Shanxi, the Cold Food Festival is celebrated one day before the Qingming Festival; in a few places, such as Yushe County, the Cold Food Festival is celebrated two days before the Qingming Festival; and in Qiaqu County, the Cold Food Festival is also practiced one day before the Qingming Festival, and the Lesser Cold Food Festival is celebrated on the two days before.

"Zi push said to avoid the world, the mountain fire attempted to burn his body. The four seas share the same cold food, a thousand years for one person." The Tang Dynasty poet Lu Xiang's poem "Cold Food" is the origin of the Cold Food Festival, which is the story of "Zi Tui's burning body on Mianshan Mountain". Legend has it that this custom originated from the commemoration of the Spring and Autumn period of the State of Jin Jie Zi Tui (surname Jie name Tui, also known as Jie Zhi Tui, of the imaginary word, the son of the respect for the title). At that time, Jie Zi push and Jin Duke Wen Duke Chong Er exile countries, cut stock (i.e., thigh) meat for Duke Wen hunger. After Duke Wen was restored to the country, Jie Zi Pui did not want to seek profit and fortune, and went back to Mianshan with his mother. When the Duke of Wen burned the mountain in order to seek for it, Zi Tui firmly refused to go out of the mountain, and hugged the tree together with his mother and died. The Duke of Wen buried his body in Mianshan, built a temple, and ordered to ban fire and cold food on the day of ZiTui's death in order to send his condolences, which became a custom later on. In China, spring festivals used to be held on the Cold Food Festival until it was changed to the Qingming Festival. In Korea, however, the tradition of spring festivals on the Day of Cold Food is still maintained.

The origin of the Cold Food Festival from the ancient times folded

The origin of the Cold Food Festival from the source document __ Poster set up the Cold Food Festival shall be the fire worship of human beings in the ancient times. Ancient people could not live without fire, but fire often caused great disasters to human beings, so the ancient people believed that fire had a deity and had to be sacrificed to fire. The fire sacrificed by each family should be extinguished once a year. Then re-ignite the new fire, known as the fire. Change the fire, to hold a grand ancestral activities, the symbol of the grain god Jikji burned, known as human sacrifices. The custom was passed down, and the fire ban festival was formed.

Folding in the Spring and Autumn Period

The Fire Ban Festival, later transformed into the Cold Food Festival, was used to honor Jie Zi Tui, a famous and righteous official of the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during the exile of Duke Wen of Jin, Jie Zi Tui once cut off his stock to feed him. When Duke Wen of Jin returned to his country and became the king, he forgot about Jie Zi Pui when he divided up his ministers. Jie Zi Pui did not want to boast and compete for favor, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mian Mountain. Later, Duke Wen of Jin went to Mianshan to invite Jie Zi Pui in person, but Jie Zi Pui did not want to be an official and hid in the mountain. The Duke of Jin set fire to the mountain with the intention of forcing Jie Zi push out of the mountain, and Jie Zi push was burnt to death under a big tree with his mother in his arms. In order to honor this loyal and righteous man, no fire was made to cook on the day of Jie Zi Tui's death, and cold food was to be eaten, known as the Cold Food Festival.

Wei-Jin period folded

Han, Shanxi folk to ban fire for a month to commemorate. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, ordered the abolition of this custom. The Order of Yin Punishment contained the words, "I heard that Taiyuan, Shangdang, Yanmen winter solstice after a hundred and five days are all extinct fire cold food, the cloud for the son of the push", "the order to the people shall not be cold food. Offenders, parents of half a year of punishment, the main official hundred days of punishment, so that the long take away a month's salary". After the return of the Three Kingdoms to Jin, due to the Spring and Autumn Jin "Jin" the same sound and word, and thus the Jin palm especially fond of, to commemorate the jie zi push the ban on fire and cold food customs and resumed. However, the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the Cold Food Festival to commemorate the mesotronic pushes the saying by extension, extended to all parts of the country, so the Cold Food Festival has become a national holiday, the Cold Food Festival ban on fire and cold food has become the Han nation's * * * with the customs and habits.

Cold Food History Folding

Cold Cold Food Festival Food Festival originated in Shanxi Jiexiu Mianshan, has a history of 2640 years ago (358 years earlier than the occurrence of the Dragon Boat Festival). According to "Dictionary", "Dictionary" "Cold Food Festival" interpretation: in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zi push through trials and tribulations to assist Jin Gongzi Chong Er restoration of the country, living in the jiexiu Mianshan. When Chong Er burned the mountain to force him to come out, Jie Zi push mother and son burned themselves in hiding. In order to mourn him, Duke Wen of Jin ordered to ban fire and cold food on the anniversary of Zi push's death (later one hundred and five days after the winter solstice), forming the Cold Food Festival.

About the cold food festival originated in jie zi tui in jiexiu mianshan was burned records, the earliest in the western han huan Tan "new theory - volume 11 - away from the matter", then successively in the "hanshu - county and state zhi - taiyuan county", the "hanshu - zhouju biography", cao cao's "Ming punishment order", the "book of jin" shile biography", li dao yuan "water classic note - fen shui", the northern wei "qimin ji ji ji" boiled liling cheese "the southern song dynasty zhou mi "ji xin miscellany knowledge

Historically, the two festivals were close to each other, and over time, they were combined into one festival.

In history, the two festivals were close to each other, and over time they were combined into a single festival. Dali thirteen years on February 15 edict: from now on, cold food through the Qingming, leave five days. To zhenyuan six years on March 9 edict: cold food Qingming, it is appropriate to quasi yuan day festival, before and after each given three days." Therefore, the "Chinese traditional culture" contains: "roughly to the Tang Dynasty, cold food festival and Qingming Festival into one."　

Legend has it that it was very, very early, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, and it may have been a night of lightning and thunder, or it may have been daytime when the clouds were suddenly dark, but it must have been some kind of innate vision. Because the Duke Xian of Jin died, at least a hegemon, is certain not to leave quietly, without taking away a cloud, must be heaven and earth for the move. Unfortunately, history does not say how the great battle between heaven and earth, but only records that the state of Jin was in internal turmoil, with all the sons vying for the throne, and that the Duke Chong'er was driven out of the state of Jin and took refuge outside. The leader of the vanguard battalion, Jie Zi Pui, and other ministers followed Chong Er loyally and spent 19 years in exile abroad. In the most difficult situation, Chong Er was so hungry that he could not walk in the state of Wei, and his ministers picked wild vegetables to cook food, but Chong Er could not swallow it. The loyal minister Jie Zi Tui secretly went into a mountain ditch, cut off a piece of meat from his own leg, and cooked it with wild vegetables to make soup for Chong Er. Chong Er ate it all, and asked where he got the soup from. The minister told him that Zi Tui had cut it off from his thigh, and Chong Er was moved to tears.

After Chong Er returned to his country and became the king of Jin, he forgot about Jie Zi Tui when he divided up his ministers. Jie Zi Tui didn't want to boast about his achievements and compete for favor, and he hid in Mian Mountain with his mother, and then the Duke of Jin went to Mian Mountain to invite Jie Zi Tui, who didn't want to serve as a government official. Hiding in the mountain, Duke Wen of Jin's men set fire to the mountain with the intention of forcing Jie Zi Pui to show his face, and as a result, Jie Zi Pui was burned to death under a big willow tree with his mother in his arms. In order to commemorate this loyal and righteous man, Duke Wen of Jin ordered that no fire should be made for cooking on the day of Jie Zi Pui's death, and cold food should be eaten, which was called the Cold Food Festival. Afterwards, as the wheel of history rolls, the Cold Food Festival was finally promoted and expanded to all parts of the country, and in the evolution of the annual festival, the cold food was quietly integrated into the Qingming. [1]

Customs folding editorial

Cold Food Festival source file _ shopping malls promotional publicity 1, no smoking cold food: Cold Food Festival in ancient times, also known as the "Festival of Smoking", the ban on home fires, all eat cold food. However, because of the people of the country after compassionate feelings of perseverance, from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the North and South Dynasties repeatedly banned repeatedly Xing, the Tang Dynasty, the Royal recognition and participation.

2, worship sweeping ancestor: cold food festival tomb sweeping ancestor in the North and South Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty was regarded as a "wild sacrifice". Tang Dynasty, compiled into the "Kaiyuan Rites" "Volume 87 - Wang Gong following the worship and sweeping (cold food worship and sweeping attached)", became the official recognition and advocacy of one of the auspicious rituals. Later on, it evolved into the royal ceremony for the mausoleum, the official ceremony for the Confucius temple and the sages, and the people's ceremony for the graves. When a family or a clan together to the ancestors' graves, to pay homage, add soil, hanging paper money, and then will be pushed Yan, snake pan rabbit scattered on the top of the grave rolled down, with a willow branch or pimple needle threaded, placed in the room in a high place, intended to dip the ancestor's virtue.

3, cold food and drink: cold food food food, including cold food porridge, cold food noodles, cold food syrup, green fine rice and molasses, etc.; cold food offerings have noodles Yan, snake dish rabbit, date cake, fine barley, God, etc.; drinks have spring wine, new tea, spring water and dozens of kinds of sweet water. Most of them have profound meanings, such as the sacrificial food snake pan rabbit, there is a "snake pan rabbit, must be rich," said, meaning to look forward to the people rich and strong; Zi push Yan, to take the jiexiu dialect "Niannian" not forgetting the jie push the high wind and bright integrity ... ... ....

4, the cold food inserted willow: willow for the cold food festival symbols, the original nostalgia for the pursuit of political clarity of the meaning of the push. As early as in the North and South Dynasties, "Jingchu chronicles" on the "Jianghuai cold food day family folding willow plug door" record, Anhui, Suzhou and other places also prevailed wear mustard flowers, wheat leaves instead of willow branches. According to historical records around: "inserted willow in the grave", "folded willow branches labeled in the household", "inserted in the eaves of the willow bedding between the stove", "also worn by the head or tied sash "," bottle storage in the Buddha God "," door are inserted willow ", so the folk have" Ching Ming (cold food) do not wear willow, red face into a white head "said.

5, cold food trekking: also called spring trekking, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties. Song - Li Zhiyan "East Valley seen" contained: "worship sweep things, and then with brothers, wives, relatives, the deed of intercourse to enjoy the tour, all happy and return. The Ming Dynasty "Emperor Scenery" recorded the scene of the Beijing effect of trekking as: "the year (cold food) Qingming Day, all people trekking, the carriage, the rider, the walker, the tourists to tens of thousands of people." It can be said to be the most prosperous.

6, cold food swing: swing originally for the ancient cold food festival court women's amusement projects. Fifth Wang Renyu "Kaiyuan Tianbao remains" in the "Tianbao Palace to the Cold Food Festival even erected swing, so that the concubines play and laugh as a feast. The emperor called for the play of the half-century, the people in the city and thus called", the Song dynasty chancellor Wen Yanbo poem "cold food day through the Dragon Gate", the poem describes as "the bridge willow hanging green line, Lin Li swing hanging colorful rope."

7, cold food Cuju ball: prevalent in the Tang, Song "Documentation", "Cuju ball, cover began in Tang. Plant two bamboo, a few feet high, network on the net, for the door to the degree of the ball, the ball workers divided into left and right pals, to angle wins and losses." History: Emperor Dezong of Tang, Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Mu, Emperor Jingzong like cuju ball, "state capitals turtle" in: "Emperor Dezong of Tang Zhenyuan 12 years in February, the cold food festival Royal Ki Temple of the East Pavilion, the view of the military ministers and relatives of the children will be the ball, and also give the banquet of ministers of the feast food." The Song Dynasty also has "Taizu Cuju Figure".

8, cold food poetry: cold food festival, the literati or homesickness of relatives, or scenes, especially more emotions, inspiration, poetry, chanting a lot. According to research, only the "Tang poetry" has Tang Xuanzong, Zhang said, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and other celebrities more than 300 poems, Song, Jin and Yuan lyrics and songs have more than a hundred, becoming a Chinese poetry and art in a strange flower. In addition, the period of cold food festival and give feasts, flowers, cockfighting, skeleton chicken, pull hooks (tug-of-war), drilling wood for fire, kite flying, fight hundred grasses, threw there is no reason (tile and stoneware playthings), and many other activities, greatly enriched the social life of ancient China.

Features folding editorial

Cold Food Festival_Photo_Interactive Wikipedia 1, the festival was formed early.

Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zhitui was burned in Jiexiu Mianshan. Duke Wen of Jin ordered to ban fire and cold food on the anniversary of the death of Zi push, to send condolences with cold food. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, it had already formed a national legal holiday, and was the earliest of the traditional Chinese festivals.

2, the continuation of a long history.

Two thousand six hundred and forty years ago, during the period of the historical period, the duration of the festival varies, there have been five days, a hundred and five days, January, three days, and two, five, seven days, and finally changed to one day.

3, deep cultural connotations.

By honoring the lieutenant push loyalty to the emperor and love of the country, the spirit of dedication, integrity and political aspirations, hidden not against the family of filial piety virtues developed into a gathering of the people's hearts, condensing the soul of the country, reflecting the Chinese people's roots of the culture of the important festival. And the formation of molasses, green essence of rice and other series of health and longevity of cold food.

4, festival activities.

Worship sweeping exhibition tomb, anti-smoking, ancestor worship, cold food, willow, trekking, Cuju, swing, flowers, cockfighting, feed the feast, chanting and so on.

5. It is widely circulated.

From Jiexiu, Taiyuan County to all parts of the country and even overseas (such as the Gaochang Kingdom since the Tang Dynasty will be March 9 as the cold food festival).

Value Folding Editorial Section

Historical Value Folding

Cold Food Festival Cold Food Festival is a festival set up by the Duke of Jin in honor of Jie Zhi Tui at the time of the Cold Food Festival in the Spring and Autumn Period, with a history of 2,640 years from the present day. Throughout the dynasties continues to this day, never interrupted. Although the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhou Ju, the Three Kingdoms Cao Cao, Zhao Shi Le, the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor and so on many times prohibited, but repeatedly prohibited again and again, the cold food custom spread throughout the country, deep into the hearts of the people. Tang Xuanzong conformed to public opinion, issued an edict to the cold food festival to sweep the exhibition of tombs into the "Kaiyuan Rites", and set as a national legal holiday, rich and diverse cold food activities, enriching social life, enhance the harmonious interpersonal relationships in the community, to alleviate social conflicts, and to promote the society to move forward has played an important role. In particular, the Northern Wei, Liao, Jin, Yuan and the Qing Dynasty brotherhood of ethnic rulers of the cold food festivals and participation, through the cold food cultural exchanges, integration, to promote national unity and consolidation of the regime has a huge role in the subtle. The cold food festival contains the political ambition of Jie Zhitui, who was worried about the country and the people, was loyal to the ruler and loved the country, was clear and honest, and the dedication spirit of "not talking about the reward" and retiring after accomplishing the work, which is the ethical code of the ancient society, and is the bond of social stability and national unity, and is still of great significance to the present day. Cold food culture to loyalty and filial piety as the core of the connotation as well as integrity extended from loyalty and filial piety, is the essence of the spirit of the mediator, is the core of the traditional morality of the Chinese people, the foundation of the national roots of the culture, but also to maintain national and family unity of the ethical force. Nowadays, it is more important to gather people's hearts and minds, condense the national soul, realize the peaceful unification of the motherland, and build a harmonious society of the important activities and spiritual concepts.

The political clarity pursued by Jie Zhitui is the unanimous wish of the masses of the people for thousands of years, and has far-reaching practical significance for the contemporary construction of democratic politics.

Additionally, from the Tang Dynasty Palace Cold Food Festival holiday seven days of spring excursions, evolved into today's "Golden Week of Tourism"; from the Cold Food ban on fire, evolved into today's forest protection and fire prevention; from the Cold Food willow, evolved into today's national tree planting; from the Cuju, evolved into the world's popular soccer, the significance of the far-reaching, can not be underestimated. The significance is far-reaching and cannot be underestimated.

At the same time, the 2640-year evolution of the Cold Food Festival is a reflection of the ideologies of many strata of ancient Chinese society, and is one of the important clues for contemporary research on ancient Chinese sociology.

Cultural Value Folding

Historically, the Cold Food Festival, with its activities focusing on commemorating Jie Zhi Tui's ban on smoking and cold food and gradually evolving to focusing on ancestor worship, the concept of loyalty, filial piety, honesty and cleanliness embedded therein is fully in line with the traditional moral core of ancient China that the state needs loyalty and the family needs filial piety, and it has become an important carrier of family harmony and social stability. Developed to modern times, the Cold Food Festival has become an important form of honoring revolutionary martyrs and educating young people. At the same time, every Cold Food Festival, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese return to their hometowns to sweep their tombs and pay homage to their ancestors, which has become an important festival to pass on the culture of the Chinese nation's roots and reflect the sense of national identity and cohesion. Ancient forefathers, the cold food festival ban on smoking and cold food obsession, expressed the ancient sage Jie Zhitui loyal and unswerving nostalgia. Cold food and drink up to dozens of kinds of food and drink, most of them have a profound meaning. Such as: sacrificial food snake pan rabbit, jiexiu common saying "snake pan rabbit, must be rich", there is the hope that the meaning of national wealth and strength; sacrificial food noodles Yan, jiexiu dialect for the education of future generations, "Niannian" do not forget the high winds and integrity of the public. Cold Food Festival willow, meaning the pursuit of political clarity ......

In the Yuan miscellaneous plays and modern Beijing opera, Jin opera, modern Jin opera, Ming Dynasty novels have a lot of mesothelioma and Cold Food Festival of the special repertoire and chapter and verse. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the legends, stories and inscriptions about Jie Zhi Tui have also become important historical materials for the study of folklore and jinshi art in Sanjin.

Artistic value of folding

Cold Food Festival, in the process of its development, produced a number of literary works: "Zuo Zhuan - Xigong twenty-four years" "介之推不言禄", by the "Records of the Historical Records" and "Ziji Tongjian" and other historical masterpieces repeatedly quoted in the Qing Dynasty was included in the ancient text of the primer readings of ancient Chinese language "Ancient Chinese Guanzhi," the "Chinese In the Qing Dynasty, it was included in the book of ancient literature "Gu Wen Guan Zhi", and the first article of "Appreciation of Chinese Prose" was "Jie Zhi Tui does not say Luk", which has become one of the classics of Chinese ancient literature.

In the poetic works of the past dynasties, the poems of the Cold Food Festival have never ceased to be written from the Warring States Qu Yuan, Sun Chu of the Western Jin Dynasty to the modern times, and there are nearly three hundred poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, and there are more than one hundred poems in the Song Dynasty and the Yuan dynasty compositions, which involve the historical celebrities such as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Zhang Shuo, as well as the representatives of the genres such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and the Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and they have become an important material for the study of the history of the development of the Chinese poems.

Poetry Folding Editor's Note

Han Shide (韩翃) "Cold Eclipse"

There is no place in the city of spring where flowers don't fly, and the east wind of the cold eclipse makes the willows slant.

The candles were passed around the Han Palace at the end of the day, and the light smoke was scattered into the houses of the five lords.

Song Zhiwen's "Cold Eclipse on the Way"

The cold eclipse on the way, the twilight spring on the way.

It is a pity to look at Jiangpu, and not to see the people of Luoqiao.

The North Pole is pregnant with a bright lord, and the South Sea is a desertion of ministers.

The old garden is a broken place, and the willows are new every day and night.

Yang Wanli's "Cold Food on the Mound"

The road is straight, but the bridge is dangerous! The bridge can be used as a support.

The mountains are far away and the maple is faint, the broken house is lonely by the wheat.

The grass is still there in the spring, and there is no new road in the last year.

The pear blossom has been in the air since the last day of the year, so I'm not sure if it's a good idea to go to the festival.

Qu Dajun "壬戌清明作"

朝作轻寒暮作阴，愁中不觉已春深。

The falling flowers have tears because of the wind and rain, and the crowing birds have no feelings from the past and present.

The old country and the mountains are only a dream, and the Chinese people are all gone.

The dragon and the serpent have no place to return to, and the cold food is a sad thing to see.

Meng Yunqing's "Cold Eclipse"

February, the flowers in Jiangnan are full of branches, and the cold eclipse in other places is far away from being sad.

The poor often have no fireworks, not only in the morning for the son to push.

Wu Tanggui's "Cold Food Day Offering to County Guards"

The entrance can be laughed at but also pitied, and the three paths of moss are deserted and a fishing boat.

It is a shame that my neighbors have taught me to cut off the fire, and I don't know that there has been no smoke in the kitchen for a long time.

Zhang Zhizhen's "Cold Food Festival"

The rain falls during the cold food festival, and the spring breeze makes the willows reflect the green grass.

All the households ban smoking and fire, in memory of the wise minister Jie Zhitui.

Zhang Youzheng's "Offering the County Guard on the Day of the Cold Eclipse"

The entrance to the city is a laughing stock, but it's also a pity, as the three paths of moss are deserted and there's a fishing boat.

It is a shame that my neighbors have taught me to cut off the fire, and I don't know that there has been no smoke in the kitchen for a long time.