Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Park landscape design and planning need to pay attention to what?
Park landscape design and planning need to pay attention to what?
The first thing to consider when designing a garden is whether it is applicable, and then consider whether it is economic, and then consider whether it is beautiful and ecological issues. Applicable, economic, beautiful three relations are dialectical unity, but must be built on the basis of ecology. These four aspects of the relationship are interdependent and inseparable. Neither can be emphasized one-sidedly, nor can they be isolated from each other. This is the general policy identified as landscaping, generally in accordance with this policy to design. In different cases, according to the differences in the type of garden green space, applicable, economic, beautiful the relationship between the three can have different emphasis.
First, the principle of application
Take the park as an example, first of all, to create a good leisure environment for visitors. There are scientific and sports activities and cultural and sports facilities, convenient transportation links, perfect living facilities and health facilities, children's games, etc., so that visitors of different ages and different hobbies can have fun. In layman's terms, visitors in the park, the summer can be less sun, rainy days can not rain, tired of benches and chairs can rest, hungry and thirsty with food and water. This is the application of the park, and is the primary problem.
Take the botanical garden, for example, in the applicable aspects, first of all, to ensure that a variety of plant domestication work and other plant scientific research can be carried out creatively, in order to serve the scientific research. At the same time, but also to the masses to comprehensively carry out the propaganda and popularization of plant scientific knowledge, so that the masses grasp the scientific knowledge of plants.
The design of the zoo, first of all, to ensure that the animals can get suitable living space, to ensure that the animals can live, live well. At the same time, to ensure the safety of visitors and keepers, absolutely no danger. In addition, it should also help the publicity and popularization of animal science knowledge. This is the zoo's applicable problems.
In short, different gardens have different functional requirements, must first be analyzed and understood in depth. Although the functional requirements of the garden is the first, but not in isolation, so in solving the functional problems, combined with the economic possibilities and artistic requirements to consider. If a design, functional problems although solved, but neither economic, nor beautiful, and even contrary to ecological principles, it is still a failure of the program, can not be put into practice.
Two, economic principles
Since ancient times, gardening activities are closely linked to the level of social and economic development. Whether the garden can be built as well as its size and content, including the level of maintenance and management after completion, to a large extent subject to economic conditions. In general, garden construction should try to reduce the cost, saving investment, so that the level of development of garden construction and the country, region or unit of economic strength, otherwise even the best design is difficult to realize. For example, in the construction of mountains and water, to adapt to local conditions, try to use the original terrain to use the original terrain mainly, supplemented by appropriate artificial transformation, and strive to move the smallest amount of earth and can play a functional and scenic on the maximum effect. The original building and the original trees, to try to use, but also good at borrowing scenery. In planting, native species and cultivation and propagation of easy trees as the main, exotic species and cultivation and propagation of more difficult as a supplement; wood-based, herbaceous as a supplement to the general area to cultivate qualified nursery seedlings as the main, key scenic spots can be considered transplantation of large trees. The design should fully consider the management convenience of construction and maintenance. Saving construction and maintenance management of manpower, material resources, financial resources, implementation of the local conditions, according to the time, the principle of local materials. Artistic expression to take the "eye-catching" approach, the economic use of expensive flowers and trees and artistic but costly buildings.
The "economy" of the garden is not isolated, and is not simply the pursuit of less money, but more work and do things well under the premise of less money. That is to say, from the applicable and beautiful to consider, the economy and applicable, beautiful unity, the money and must spend money, of course, or to spend.
Three, the principle of beauty
The beauty of the garden, refers to the garden in addition to meet the functional requirements, but also to consider the aesthetic interests of visitors, to meet the requirements of visitors to enjoy the scenery. Mainly refers to the garden in the terrain, landforms, the water body of the ups and downs of the opening and closing; the layout of the buildings; the arrangement of the tour route; trees and flowers with the matching; garden space organization; the use of color and so on, to follow certain artistic principles, to achieve beautiful scenery, so that visitors are happy to see and feel comfortable and forget to come back.
The undulating changes in the terrain can enrich the garden space and increase the level of "no way out of the mountain, dark flowers and a village". Through the changes in the terrain can make people produce the illusion of expanding the garden space. The water body should be large and small, there are main and secondary, there are open and close, available islands, peninsulas, embankments, bridges and zigzagging waterfront, barge separation organization out of the rich water surface space landscape level, so that it produces a point, line, surface of the sense of rhythm. The arrangement of buildings or arranged according to the axis or according to the functional needs of the staggered, or majestic, or small and exquisite. Trees, flowers and grasses with the premise of meeting its own growth requirements, but also has a high ornamental value, so that there are flowers in all seasons, the four seasons have changes, or flowers, or full of spring color. Garden is a gorgeous colorful world, is for people to visit the realm of space. Garden color plays a role in human senses, can cause emotional response.
For example, the garden in color coordination, pleasant scenery, can make the visitors pleasing to the eye, relaxed and happy, touring multiplied; if the color contrast is too strong, it is disgusting; if the color is complex and complicated, it will make people dazzled, upset; if the color is too monotonous, it is insipid. If the color used for the cold color, can make the environment atmosphere quiet; if the warm color, can make the environment atmosphere active. Therefore, how the scientific and artistic use of color to beautify the environment to meet the needs of people's spiritual life is a very important issue.
Four, ecological principles
If the garden is only to solve the applicable, economic and beautiful is not enough, but also must consider the need to build the garden into a good ecological benefits of the environment. 1960s, in order to protect the environment on which mankind relies on, some developed countries in Europe and the United States of America scholars, ecological and environmental sciences introduced into the city of science, from the macro level of change in the human environment, reflecting the maximum harmony between human beings and nature. The greatest harmony between man and nature. So the theory of landscape ecology and environmental aesthetics came into being. The emergence of national parks and the proposal of urban ecosystem engineering, that is, from the point of view of ecology, to maintain a good ecosystem in the environment of human existence.
Landscaping is precisely seen as one of the important means to improve the urban ecosystem. Therefore, modern garden planning and design should be based on the principles of ecology, in order to achieve the integration of tourism and entertainment in a good ecological environment for the purpose. In modern garden construction, firstly, special attention should be paid to the role of plant landscaping. Secondly, it should advocate the use of native species. Finally, plant landscaping, should reflect the biological diversity of nature as one of the main objectives, trees, shrubs, herbs, and with a reasonable hierarchical structure, a variety of plants in order to achieve maximum ecological benefits.
Fifth, the principle of distinctiveness
Characteristic is the expression of the special internal organization of things. Characteristic produces differences, each landscape has its own different place characteristics, so they should have their own personality. Characteristic landscape has a great attraction to people, is the pursuit of the goal of landscape design. The creation of urban character landscape on the one hand, to clarify the historical lineage, on the other hand, also combined with regional characteristics. City in the formation and development of the natural landscape, morphological structure, cultural style, historical heritage, landscape image of the more differences, the more easily the characteristics of the characteristics, this personality and characteristics from history and tradition, from the long and distant. City landscape features are mainly composed of the characteristics of cultural relics and monuments, the characteristics of the natural environment, the characteristics of the urban pattern, the characteristics of the urban landscape and green space, the characteristics of the architectural style and urban landscape, as well as the characteristics of the material and spiritual aspects of the city, etc. The landscape features of a city are the symbolic characteristics that differentiate it from other cities, such as Guilin landscape, Wuhan's Yellow Crane Tower, Hangzhou's West Lake, the Xidi Old Town in Anhui Province, etc., are its city's characteristic landscapes. are the characteristic landscapes of their cities. Contemporary urban landscape design should avoid the format of the unified situation, should strive to explore a unique road, the city's urban spirit into the style of landscape design, the city as a whole, urban history, urban spirit and urban landscape **** with the same to create a city rich in its own characteristics of the spiritual and cultural connotations.
Six, people-oriented principle
Landscape space, if not in relation to human behavior, there is no practical significance, because it is only a functional carrier. Human behavior if there is no spatial environment as a background, there is no certain atmosphere conditions may not arise. The combination of space and behavior constitutes a place for people to use, in order to adapt to people's different behaviors, and only such a space has real practical significance. In recent years, the concept of "people-oriented" has gradually become a familiar term in public life. Its connotation is human-based, human premise, human motivation, human purpose. Human-centered landscape design is humanized landscape design, humanized design is the axis of the human being, pay attention to enhance the value of human beings, respect for people's natural needs and social needs of the dynamic design philosophy.
Standing on the perspective of "people-oriented", in the process of landscape design, we should always take people's needs as the center and scale, analyze people's psychology and activity law, satisfy people's physiological needs, interaction needs, safety needs and self-realization of the value of the demand, according to the law of people's activities, co-ordinate the arrangement of traffic, land and facilities, and give full consideration to the urban population density. The planning and design of the site is committed to building a highly comfortable area and eliminating non-humanized spatial elements, taking into full consideration the characteristics of dense urban population, large mobility, high consistency of activities, and strong directional and temporal mobility, and designing and constructing all kinds of internal and external environments as well as selecting all kinds of required materials according to the principle of ergonomics. Reasonable arrangement of barrier-free facilities to meet the needs of different levels of human groups, so that people at different levels to enjoy the design of the use of fun and pleasure, and then make the human psyche healthier, more emotionally rich, to achieve harmony between people and things.
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