What is the role of a sentence in the whole text, the answer angle

I, the role of the first paragraph

If the opening that point, then, the role of the first paragraph is often to summarize the whole text, point out the purpose of the topic, or to express some kind of feelings related to the main idea. For example, the first paragraph of "Door" in the 2001 college entrance examination paper: "Opening and closing doors is the most meaningful action in life. What mysteries are hidden within a door!"

If the opening paragraph does not have a point, then the function of the first paragraph is to open or introduce the following. For example, the first paragraph of Xu Zhimo's famous prose piece "Hidden Roots and Grasses" reads, "What a good Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion, which is quite like an ancient fortress, has been forgotten behind the main hall, cut off from the incense and subjected to coldness."

If the first paragraph is a continuous question, then the first paragraph also has a fascinating or thought-provoking role. For example, the opening paragraph of "The Tree on the Crag" reads, "Was it to escape that starvation and cold that you hopelessly jumped off the cliff? Was it to avoid the shame of that capture that you threw yourself down the crag without a second thought after you ran out of ammunition?" If the opening paragraph is a continuous exclamation, then the first paragraph also has a strong lyrical effect. Such as the first paragraph of "wild chrysanthemums": "Wild chrysanthemums! Wild chrysanthemums all over the mountains!" It not only summarizes the whole text, the opening point, but also expresses the author's surprise and the praise of wild chrysanthemums.

According to the above ideas, the answer to Question 18 of the 2004 National Volume II will be easily solved. Since "The Old Home" expresses Mr. Sun Li's ambivalent feelings of missing his hometown but not wanting to go back to it, and quotes the poem in the opening paragraph, "Every time I lost the road to my hometown in my dreams, the more I know that I miss my hometown in the late journey." Then, the first paragraph of the article describes in detail a variety of dreams about going home, its role is of course "to better express the author's feelings for his hometown is difficult to sever", "so that the article is more vivid, more real and believable", because "This homesickness lingers in the depths of consciousness, naturally forming a constant dream."

Second, the role of the final paragraph

The role of the final paragraph is generally to summarize the whole text, point out the purpose of the topic, deepen the center, echo the beginning, or both. Such as the 2004 Beijing volume "Pushkin's painting" of the end of the paragraph: "I suddenly remembered the Russian Writers' Association Chairman Nikolayevich said a sentence: 'God gave you a talent, and will certainly give you all the talent.' This is a Russian proverb, and it is very intriguing. I think talent should include human spirituality and enlightenment. Man has a general sense of all kinds of art, and it is not an incomprehensible thing to go from general sense to 'general talent'." This paragraph is precisely the author's summary of the whole text as well as a nod to the purpose of the topic.

Sometimes, the question is only for the last sentence of the question, this sentence is very subtle, a glance can not see through, that is, students say "can not understand". Then, "can't understand" is exactly the role of writing this sentence. Of course, we can not bluntly answer "the role is not understand", but to a different euphemism. For example, "the function (or benefit) is that it is euphemistic and subtle, meaning beyond words, and thought-provoking". In addition, since this sentence is placed at the end, and was chosen by the proposer, then, according to the traditional technique of "to reveal the will at the end of the chapter", it may be related to the revelation of the main idea, but because of its subtlety, its function is no longer to point out the purpose of the topic, but to imply the theme. In addition to the above two points, the last sentence often also has the role of strengthening the author's feelings. For example, in 2004, zhejiang volume question 20 "briefly analyze the end of the 'will kneel down ......' the meaning of the sentence in the text and its role in expression", according to the above generalization, the answer "so that the article in the expression of euphemistic and implicit, thought-provoking; have an abrupt end, the meaning of the aftertaste; imply the theme, strengthen the author's feelings" should be expected.

Three, the role of the middle paragraph

If the middle paragraph is relatively short, then, its role in the structure of the general transition, the role of the expression of the general is to set off. In the shorter middle paragraph, if the description of the object (i.e., the object of prose writing) is not the main object of the selected text, but the secondary object, and with the selected text describes the main object in the image, mood and emotion, the expression of the role of the positive foil (or baking, padding). Such as the 2001 Shanghai exam paper, the third question of paragraph A, the main object of description is "the river flows day and night" momentum and meaning, and in the description of the first in paragraph 3 before praising the sea's broad and turbulent, then, in the face of the 13th question, "from the point of view of the writing, what is the role of the sea in paragraph A write! In the face of question 13, "From a writing point of view, what is the function of writing about the sea in paragraph A?", the function is exactly as the answer says: to emphasize the momentum and meaning of "the great river flows day and night". If the middle paragraph describes the secondary objects and the main objects of the selected text in the image, mood or emotional inconsistency, the expression of its role is to contrast. For example, question 19 of the 2004 National Volume Ⅳ "Crying and Jane" reads: "The author also writes about herself when she is crying and Jane. How did she write about herself? What is the function of this writing?" The effect is definitely that of a counterpoint. Then link the selected text, "candlelight shines on your remains, so that the small I dare not raise my head", "since the closing of this massacre, I have long been lost, scared away, I finally do not know exactly where to go" and other descriptions of the author's own statements, the answer will also be Called out: "to his own smallness set off and Jane's greatness, to his own timidity set off and Jane's valor and fearlessness."

The middle paragraph if longer, and describes the main object of the selected text, then, its role in the content is generally to expand the idea, enrich the connotation, specific demonstration, deepen the theme or illuminate the previous text. For example, in 2003 the national volume "native complex" question 3: "the fourth paragraph of this paper writes generation after generation of Yanhuang descendants floating sea far away from the trend, and praises them not forgetting the love of mulberry, generous dedication, and the motherland is closely related. Please analyze the role and benefits of such writing in the light of the hometown sentiment." According to the title, first find the fourth paragraph, found that it is the longest paragraph in the selection, when it is a longer middle paragraph, and the narrative is the main object of the selection - the native complex, so its role and benefits should be in the "expanding the ideas, enriching the connotation, specific demonstration, deepening the theme or illuminate the previous text On the basis of "expanding the idea, enriching the connotation, specific display, deepening the theme or illuminating the previous text" and then combined with the content of the selection of specific play. Then look at the answer, it is true: ① to raise the local sentiment to the height of national cohesion to understand, enrich and deepen the connotation of the local sentiment; ② specific illustration of the local sentiment is not due to the time of the long (history) and spatial isolation (geography) and faded; ③ both illuminate the previous text, but also to deepen the theme of the paper.

Four, the role of the second person

The second person is generally both anthropomorphic meaning, and therefore can make the language vivid; and in terms of expression, the use of the second person is often easy to express their feelings, or direct dialogue. Such as the 2000 volume of the 22nd question (1) question "the author mainly in the second person to write the Great Wall, so what are the benefits of writing?" The answer to this question is: "Anthropomorphizing the Great Wall makes it easier to have a conversation with the Great Wall and easier to express your feelings." Another example is Question 20 of the Liaoning Volume in 2006: "Most of the flowers and trees in the article are referred to in the third person, but in the fifth natural paragraph there are two places where the second person is used, what is the effect of this writing? Please appreciate" the reference answer is: change the second person, the object of criticism anthropomorphized, forming a face-to-face questioning situation, so that the author's attitude is more distinctive, to facilitate the direct expression of the author of those expensive flowers and trees strong feelings of disgust.

Fifth, the role of writing narrative prose writing

Writing narrative prose generally do not write scenery, if the whole bureau or even the whole section of the description of the scenery, then, the scenery often constitutes the environment or the background, so the basic role of writing the scenery is to outline the environment, to provide a background, or to create a certain atmosphere. The more important role of the scenery is to set off the scene, it can be subdivided into two categories:

1, positive set off: that is, the beautiful scenery set off the character's mind of the beautiful, or the bleakness of the scenery set off the character's fate of the tragic. Such as the 2004 Chongqing Volume selection of "mountains" paragraph 6 at the beginning of a description of the scene: "The winter of that year, the sunshine is very short, the Privy Council Square sunset red, as a ring of fire paint, never open sealed the past of light." Its function is to set off the bitter and tragic fate of the wife of the Decemberists with the "tragic redness of the setting sun". In the process of writing about a mother carrying her child to look for a companion lotus, the moon and snow are prominently depicted, one of the functions of which is to set off the purity of a mother's love with the brightness and whiteness of the moon and snow.

2, contrast: that is, the beautiful scenery or atmosphere of the cheerful to contrast the tragic fate of the characters or characters in a bleak situation. Such as "a bunch of companion of the ground lotus" of the bright moon snow, certainly because of its bright white and can be called a beautiful scene, but in the dead of winter, it is not highlighting the hardship of the environment? Therefore, the role of the second is to show the greatness of mother's love, and this is the scene outlines the environment and the role of counterpoint synthesis.

Sixth, the role of rhetoric

Rhetorical variety, but used to set the question is often a metaphor, anthropomorphism, comparison, prose and repetition. Metaphor makes the language image specific, easy to understand; anthropomorphism makes the language vivid and lively, but also easy to express their feelings; comparison can enhance the momentum, but also to facilitate the semantics of the layers of progress or the context of the step-by-step expansion; repeated can highlight the semantics or emphasize the emotions. As long as you master the basic role of rhetoric, accurate answers should not be a problem. If there is no word limit in the answer to the question, then play a sentence with the specific content of the article, the insurance factor is even greater. Referring to the above brief analysis, and then comparing with the 2004 National Volume III, Question 19, "What techniques have been used in the last paragraph of the article to describe and discuss the drinking of wine? What are the benefits of this writing", we can see that it is the role of the test metaphor, the answer "easy to understand, very rich in irony, play a vivid image of the role of criticism" is reasonable, and does not go beyond the scope of the basic role of rhetoric. As for the "irony", although not inherent in the role of the metaphor, but, combined with the main theme of the selection of "happy death", this sentence belongs to the "combined with the specific content of the article to play" category.

Among the various kinds of rhetoric, the frequency of similes is the highest. It is true that the role of the general metaphor is to make the language image specific, but, if the title as a metaphor, and the metaphor is rich in symbolism, and the metaphor is followed by a more profound argument, then the role of the metaphor at least three points. First, echo the title; second, to reveal the symbolism of the metaphor; third, to express the author's feelings related to it. For example, Question 20 of the 2004 Chongqing Volume Selected Essays "Mountains": "After describing the young wives of the Decembrists who chose to follow their husbands unresistingly and endured misery and suffering, this article writes that 'they grew up into mountains overnight', so please combine the whole text and analyze the role and benefits of writing this way. " According to the hints in the preceding text, the function of "adapting to the title" is easy to answer. As for the symbolic meaning, as long as the connotation or characteristic of "mountains" is combined with the argument after the simile, "Let the sick and the weak and the afflicted lean on their shoulders, and in the crook of their arms, isn't there a kind of snow-bathed arbor growing", it is not difficult to answer "Praise these young wives for a will as stout as the mountains, and a love as vast as the hills, when they are suddenly stricken with misfortune." And the author's feelings associated with them are clearly "to glorify their willingness to suffer for the sake of freedom, and to express the author's praise and admiration for them".

Contrast is both a rhetorical method and an expressive device. If it is just a simple comparison of two things, it belongs to the rhetorical method, and its basic function is to create a contrasting image to impress the readers. If it is a variety of things in contrast, and contrast the content of more than half of the whole text, it belongs to the expression of the contrast, its basic role should be to enrich the article's ideological connotation, so that the expression of the layers of depth and more focused. As in the 2004 Jiangsu volume of the selection of the essay "Cao Tang? The Soul of Poetry, Question 20, Sub-question (2): "Combined with the whole text, briefly analyze the benefits of this writing style (contrast)." Because there are as many as six aspects of contrast in the selection, it belongs to the contrast of expression techniques. Then, the benefit of this writing style is just as the reference answer says: "By contrasting many aspects and going deeper layer by layer, it makes the connotation of 'the article hates life and achieves' richer and the expression of the content more concentrated. " Comparing the summarization of this article and the reference answer, it can be seen that all the points of the reference answer do not go beyond the summarization of this article, except for the five words "the article hates life" which are played out in connection with the main idea of the selected text.

Seven, the role of inserting historical facts or an event

Inserting historical facts is generally to reflect on the history of the past to prove the present or the ancient irony of the present, if there is a general statement before and after the historical facts or summarizing statements, then, the insertion of historical facts often have the role of an example. For example, in "Quiet on Weishan Lake", the basic point of view of "This (refers to Weishan Lake) is a lake in the wild" is put forward in the opening paragraph, and then three historical facts are inserted consecutively, namely, "Yin Weizi", "Zhang Zifang", and "The Han Dynasty produced a high scholar". "Three historical facts, then, the role of these three historical facts is to provide examples to prove the basic point of the opening paragraph.

Insertion of an event is generally to lead to the following argument or lyricism, so often in the structure of the transitional role of the top and bottom, but also in the content of the deepening or enlightening role, generally expressed on the life, life or cause of the positive and in-depth thinking. For example, in 2004, the Tianjin volume of selected essays "spring from the heart" question 20: "From the whole text, the sixth paragraph, 'a friend called' this matter, in the content and structure of the role played respectively?" The role of its structure is undoubtedly "to play a transitional role" and "to provoke discussion to deepen the author's thinking"; the role of its content is "to inspire people to love life, to realize life, and to look at life in a poetic way. ".

Eight, the role of quoting classical poetry or aphorisms

From the point of view of the analysis of the argument, quoting poetic aphorisms belongs to the method of citation, generally has the role of argumentative views, elucidation of the facts. For example, in the 1998 paper "Reporting Autumn", the Southern Song Dynasty poet Zhu Dunru's "Moon on the Western River" was used to elucidate the author's attitude of "receiving life", and ultimately to argue the basic point of view of the article. Another example is the face of the 2001 Shanghai test paper question 3 ("paragraph ② quoted the "leisure and interest" and to analyze the interpretation, the purpose is to explain what?") The first thing to consider is the word "argumentation". Since the basic point of view of paragraph ② is that "most of the wigwam planted trees, building pavilions ...... which seems very disproportionate", then, "explain" can only be this sentence. May look at the reference answer, it is true that "the rockery and the pavilion above, the trees are not commensurate".

Additionally, for the citation of historical facts and ancient poetry, it is also rich in the connotation of the article, to increase the role of literary style and so on.

Nine, the role of an object as a title

In the writing of prose, if an object as a title, generally has two aspects of the role, one is as a clue through the whole text strung together the host's life, and the second is to symbolize some kind of philosophy, to show some kind of feelings. For example, in the article "well rope", there is a problem is this: through the whole text, briefly analyze the author to "well rope" as the title of the intention. Well, the intention is twofold: first, the "well rope" as the title can link up the father's life in pursuit of beauty; second, it symbolizes the aesthetic distance and expresses the unique aesthetic interest of Chinese people. Another example is in the article "Sunflower", with "sunflower" as the title, it is not only to link up the author's different stages of life and life perception, and at the same time, through the sunflower to express their own love of life.

Ten, the role of writing from the real and virtual

From the real and virtual in line with the general law of people's understanding, but also the general technique of prose writing, especially in recent years, the college entrance examination paper modern reading of the "Great Wall" and "the door", but also has a typical philosophical implications from the real and virtual, seems to be in the college entrance examination paper to read and interpret philosophical prose is likely to become a trend, and from the perspective of the real propositions are also Logical, 2001 (Jiangxi, Shanxi, Tianjin) paper question 24 is clear evidence: "the author of the door, some of the life of the real, some of the symbolism given, so what is the benefit of writing?"

Generally speaking, the basic role of the real and imaginary is: from the familiar entity to write the philosophical symbols, in line with the general law of understanding, to facilitate the reader's understanding of the gradual deepening. As long as you master this basic role, and then combined with the specific context, the "entity" and "symbolic body" into a specific writing object (for example, in the "door" can be changed into "real door") In the case of "The Door", for example, it can be replaced by "the real door" and "the symbolic door". Compare this with the answer to Question 24: "The real doors in life are the most familiar to the readers; the symbolic doors contain profound philosophies. From the most familiar to start, easy for readers to understand and deepen their understanding", the expression is different, but the substance is the same, in full compliance with the "meaning of the right can" scoring standards.

It is worth emphasizing that some sentences and paragraphs often have a multifaceted role, and limited to the question and word count, we do not need to answer all these roles, therefore, it is necessary to choose the role of the role of the most relevant to the question in a number of roles. Such as "an oil lamp" the fourth paragraph has such a few lines of description: "evening self-study time, students will light up a different size of oil lamps, dim light reflected a pair of eyes inquiring, dozens of lamps together, like a piece of stars." Analysis of the description of these sentences, you can explore a variety of roles: one, shaping the touching image of the mountain students diligently seeking knowledge; its second, the performance of the mountain school conditions of hardship; its third, the image emphasizes the knowledge can be introduced into the light of the symbolic meaning; fourth, highlighting the small oil lamps of the lovely, for the following "I" do lamps to take the lamps to do the paving! ...... I should say, the role of the above are reasonable, but, linked to the text and even the whole text, the most suitable for the purpose of the natural fourth role.