What does beginning of winter mean? -the meaning of the twenty-four solar terms.

Beginning of winter-Twenty-four solar terms

The origin of beginning of winter

The "beginning of winter" solar term is1October 7th or 8th every year, 165438+. In ancient China, people used to regard beginning of winter as the beginning of winter. Twenty-four solar terms say: "The beginning of the establishment", and say: "Winter is the end, and everything is harvested." In fact, China is a vast country. All winters don't start at the same time except the coastal areas of South China where there is no winter all the year round and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where there is no summer in long winter. According to the standard of dividing the four seasons by climatology, if the average temperature in the second half of the year falls below 10℃, it is winter, then the statement that "beginning of winter begins in winter" basically conforms to the climate law in Huanghuai area. In the northernmost part of China, the areas north of Mohe and Daxing 'anling have entered the winter in early September, and the capital Beijing has already seen the winter scene in late June 10, while the winter in the Yangtze River basin didn't really start until around the "light snow" solar term.

In ancient China, beginning of winter was divided into three stages: the beginning of still water and ice; The second waiting place began to freeze; Waiting for the flood is a cockroach. "This kind of solar water can already form ice; The land also began to freeze; In the third stage, pheasant refers to a big bird similar to pheasant, and pheasant is a big clam. After beginning of winter, big birds like pheasants were rare, but you can see big clams with similar lines and colors at the seaside. Therefore, the ancients thought that pheasants would become big clams in early winter.

Understanding "beginning of winter" can't just stay in the sense of beginning of winter. Tracing back to the source, the ancient people's understanding of "establishment" is the same as that of modern people, both of which mean establishment and beginning. But the word "winter" is not so simple. In the ancient book "Twenty-four solar terms", the explanation of "winter" is: "Winter is the end, everything is harvested", which means that all crops in autumn are harvested, collected and put into storage, and animals have been hiding and hibernating. It seems that the beginning of winter does not just mean the coming of winter. In a word, beginning of winter is to put everything away and avoid the cold in early winter.

In early winter, the sun has reached the longitude of 225, and the amount of solar radiation obtained by the northern hemisphere is getting less and less. At this time, there is still some heat storage on the surface in summer, so it is generally not too cold. When there is no wind on a sunny day, there is always warm and comfortable "Xiaoyangchun" weather, which is not only very pleasant, but also very beneficial to the growth of winter crops. But at this time, the cold air in the north also has a strong force, often invading the south frequently, and sometimes it will form a cold wave weather with strong winds, cooling rain and snow. Judging from the average situation for many years, 1 1 is the month with the most cold waves. Severe cooling, especially abnormal cold and warm weather, has a serious adverse impact on people's lives, health and agricultural production. It is very important to pay attention to the weather forecast and do a good job in human body protection and crop cold injury and freezing injury prevention in time according to the weather change.

Calculation of beginning of winter date [Y*D+C]-L

Interpretation of the formula: Y= two digits after the number of years, D=0.2422, L= leap year, 2 1 century C=7.438, and 20th century =8.2 18.

For example, the date of beginning of winter in 2088 = [88× 0.2422+7.438]-[88/4] = 28-22 = 6, and165438+1October 6th is beginning of winter.

Exception: calculation result in 2089 plus 1 day.

Climate impact

Before and after winter, precipitation in most parts of China decreased significantly. Northeast China is frozen, and agricultural and forestry crops enter the wintering period; The "Sanqiu" in the Jianghuai area is coming to an end; Jiangnan is busy planting late-season winter wheat and transplanting rapeseed; On the other hand, South China is the best time to plant wheat in early winter. At this time, the water condition is closely related to the seedling growth and overwintering of crops. In North China and Huanghuai areas, when the average temperature of the day drops to about 4℃ and the soil in the field freezes at night and disappears during the day, we must seize the opportunity to water the winter water of wheat, vegetables and orchards, replenish soil moisture, improve the microclimate environment in the field, prevent "drought to help the cold" and reduce and avoid the occurrence of freezing injury. In Jiangnan and South China, it is an important measure to open the "high-yield ditch" in the field in time and do a good job in cleaning and drainage. In addition, after winter, the air is generally dry and the soil water content is reduced, so the fire prevention work in forest areas should be put on the important agenda.

Tropical cyclone, a spent force

According to statistics, there are 2 ~ 3 tropical cyclones every year. zhlzw。 Every year 165438+ October. In particular, cyclones generated in the northwest Pacific may develop into typhoon intensity. In the past 55 years, there have been 1 1 tropical cyclones landing in China's coastal areas in1month, mainly in Taiwan Province Province, Guangdong Province and Hainan Province. If zonal circulation prevailed in mid-latitude in that year, it would be easy to have typhoons; If meridional circulation prevails in mid-latitude areas, that is, cold air is strong, it is not easy to have typhoons.

South China, north and south, autumn and summer

In northern South China during beginning of winter, even if the cold wind sweeps away, the temperature will rise rapidly. When there is no wind on a sunny day, it is often said that "October is sunny and there is no wind to warm". It is often winter here in 65438+February.

However, there is no winter in southern South China, Taiwan Province Province and Hainan Island in the south. The temperature is 1 1, and the maximum temperature is below 30℃. However, it does not rule out a strong cooling due to the influence of strong cold air, but it is rare in recent years.

Frost and fog are easy to appear in winter and late autumn.

In normal years165438+1early October, frost will appear one after another from the Qinling Mountains in the north, the western and southern parts of Huanghuai, and the northern part of Jiangnan in the south. In the cold year165438+1mid-October, the first frost will also appear north of Nanling.

165438+ 10 In the north of October, as the front of cold air moved out of the field, the cold air mass behind the front began to change to the warmer side. If there is no follow-up cold air supplement, after a few days, although the temperature rises, the air quality gradually deteriorates. Especially in big cities, the water vapor accumulated in the atmosphere combines with pollution particles to form smog or dense fog, which affects people's health and traffic operation. Water vapor conditions in the southwest and south are better than those in the north. If the temperature is low in the morning, there are often patches of fog.

The first snow and precipitation in North China are diverse.

1 1 month later, the precipitation in all parts of the country decreased obviously. The snow on the plateau snow-capped mountains no longer melts. The first snow often appears in North China and other places, while the first snow in Beijing is difficult to predict and has great influence, so it often needs special attention. At this time, the forms of precipitation are diversified: rain, snow, sleet, graupel, ice particles and so on. When there is strong cold air, it will snow in Jiangnan.

The typical continuous rain in West China in Southwest China has ended, but compared with the situation of little rain in the whole country, it is still a rainy place. According to the time distribution of precipitation in southwest China, 165438+ 10 entered the dry season of the year. The characteristics of dry season in southwest and northwest are more obvious. The rainfall in Sichuan Basin, eastern Guizhou and southwestern Yunnan in June 5438+065438+ 10 exceeded 50 mm. In Yunnan, sunny days are warm, rainy days are cold, and there is a saying that "the four seasons are like spring and it rains in winter". If there is strong cold air invasion and warm and humid air flow echoes, the process rainfall in the southern region will be greater.

Rainy days and rainfall in the north and south of the Yangtze River are less and less than those in the south of the Yangtze River. For South China where crops are harvested three times a year, the drought in June 165438+ 10 still has a negative impact on crop growth.

The temperature drops and changes obviously.

With the strengthening of cold air, the cooling trend accelerates. People are used to the coolness in the north. Since the end of 10, heating has been provided one after another, and people have shelter from the cold. For people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the "Xiaoyangchun" in late autumn, if they encounter strong cold air moving southward rapidly, sometimes the temperature can be close to 8 ~ 10℃ or even more in less than a day. But after all, after the gale, the sun shines, the cold air mass degrades rapidly, and the temperature rises rapidly. The rise of temperature and the accumulation of heat prompted the next round of cold air to bring a strong cooling. At this time, the pleasant late autumn weather is coming to an end, and the obvious cooling makes this area enter the first frost period and the best viewing period of red leaves, and 1 1 enters the winter at the end of the year.

There are more northerly winds and stronger winds.

As the northwest, north China, northeast China and other places that have already entered winter, it can be said that the wind cooling at this time can be used to it. During the period from the south-central part of North China to Huanghuai and beginning of winter, cold air often blows away the red leaves in this mountainous area, or blows the trees in the city into bare poles, giving people a feeling of coming into winter immediately. If it encounters strong and fast cold air, it will hit running all the way, which will increase the wind power in the northern mountain pass area and the southern rivers and lakes, and the wind will blow all the way to the southeast coast and the Taiwan Province Strait.

Especially in the northern and eastern seas, strong winds at sea can easily cause serious losses to offshore operations.

The temperature difference between north and south is getting bigger and bigger.

China has a vast territory, and the north and south span dozens of latitudes, so there is a temperature difference between the north and the south. However, after winter, the temperature difference between the north and the south widened. 1 1 In recent months, the average temperature in most parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Inner Mongolia and northern Heilongjiang has reached about-10℃. The temperature difference between Mohe in the northernmost part and Haikou in Hainan Province can reach 30℃ ~ 50℃. Many places in the north have been dry, everything is withered, and the cold is pressing; South China is still green mountains and green waters, birds and flowers are fragrant, warm and pleasant.

The beginning of winter customs

Beginning of winter, together with beginning of spring, Changxia and beginning of autumn, is called "Four Seasons", which is an important festival in ancient society. On this day, the emperor will lead civil and military officials to the northern suburbs of Beijing to set up an altar for sacrifice. Now, people should also celebrate the beginning of winter.

Beginning of winter eats jiaozi.

Beginning of winter solar terms mean autumn harvest and winter storage. China used to be a farming society. People who have worked for a year should take advantage of beginning of winter to have a rest and reward their families for their hard work over the past year. There is a proverb that "beginning of winter fills the winter and the mouth" is the best metaphor.

In southern China, people like to eat some chicken, duck and fish in early winter. On this day in early winter in Taiwan Province Province, street restaurants such as "Mutton Stove" and "Ginger Duck" complement winter weddings. Many families will also stew sesame oil chicken and siwu chicken to supplement energy.

People in northern China, especially those in Beijing and Tianjin, like to eat jiaozi. Why does beginning of winter eat jiaozi? Because intercourse comes from the saying of "sexual intercourse time". New Year's Eve is to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, and beginning of winter is the turn of autumn and winter. When jiaozi is in love, he can't help eating. Now people have gradually restored this ancient custom. On that day in beginning of winter, all kinds of jiaozi were very popular.

Make up for winter

With the arrival of the solar terms in beginning of winter, flowers and trees wither, insects lurk, and all activities tend to stop, saving energy for the coming spring hibernation. Although there is no such thing as hibernation, there is a folk custom of making up for winter in beginning of winter. In this best period of tonic, people make food supplements to supplement their physical strength and resist the cold in winter. Eat less cold in winter, especially don't wear too much makeup. Ordinary people can eat some high-calorie foods, especially in the north, and eat some beef and mutton, but at the same time, they should also eat more fresh vegetables. Eat some foods rich in vitamins and easy to digest.

winter swimming

Interestingly, the way to celebrate beginning of winter is also innovative. During their stay in Harbin and beginning of winter, the athletes of Heilongjiang Winter Swimming Association crossed the Songhua River to welcome the arrival of winter in this way.

The beginning of winter tonic

When people are still enjoying the warm sunshine in autumn, the time has come soon 1 1, and winter has begun. As the first solar term in winter, beginning of winter has the custom of beginning of winter to make up for winter every year around 1 1.8. On this day, people in the north and south make delicious food and game in different ways, saying that only in this way can they resist the cold invasion in the cold winter. So what should we pay attention to in real life in winter? How to recuperate is our main topic today.

"Three nine make up one winter, and there will be no pain in the coming year."

According to our traditional folk custom, "beginning of winter" stands for the beginning of winter. "In winter, the heavens and the earth are combined, and the water and ice are frozen." Nature is full of yin and yang, and everything hides yang, waiting for spring. "Cold" is the main feature of winter climate change. In winter, besides paying attention to cold and warmth, diet health care is also very important.

The cold climate in winter affects the endocrine system of human body, which increases the secretion of thyroxine and adrenaline, thus promoting and accelerating the decomposition of protein, fat and carbohydrate, increasing the body's cold-proof ability, thus causing excessive loss of heat. Therefore, winter nutrition should focus on increasing heat energy. You can eat more lean meat, eggs, fish, milk, beans and foods rich in carbohydrates and fats.

Winter is the off-season for vegetables. Therefore, after a winter, people often have vitamin deficiency, such as vitamin C deficiency, which leads to oral ulcers, root swelling and pain, bleeding, constipation and other symptoms. Then people can eat some potatoes properly, such as sweet potatoes and potatoes. They are all rich in vitamin C, vitamin B and vitamin A, and red sweet potatoes also contain more carotene. Eating more potatoes can not only supplement vitamins, but also clear the fire. In addition to Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish heart, white radish, carrot, bean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, rape and so on. It should also be selected in the main course listed in winter. These vegetables are rich in vitamins and need to be changed frequently and matched reasonably.

Supplementing human vitamin needs.

As the saying goes, "Three-nine supplements a winter, and the coming year will not hurt", and winter is also a good time for tonic, but we should remind everyone that when making tonic, it is best to introduce tonic first. Generally speaking, you can choose to stew beef and red dates, peanuts and brown sugar first, or cook some ginger and red dates beef soup to adjust the function of the spleen and stomach. Drinking hot porridge in winter is also a good choice for health. For example, eating "Laba porridge" helps to increase calories and nutritional functions. Wheat porridge has the function of nourishing heart and removing annoyance, sesame porridge can nourish essence and yin, radish porridge can help digestion and phlegm, walnut porridge can nourish yin and solidify essence, Poria porridge can strengthen spleen and stomach, jujube porridge can nourish qi and yin, and so on.

Beginning of winter should not blindly "make up" the winter.

Dietary care should follow the old adage of "nourishing yin in autumn and winter", "not disturbing yang" and "tonifying deficiency and warming cold", and adjust diet with the changes of four seasons. Eat less cold food, but it is not suitable for hot and dry. Eat some foods with high calories, such as nourishing yin and suppressing yang. At the same time, we should eat more fresh vegetables to avoid vitamin deficiency, such as beef and mutton, black-bone chicken, crucian carp, etc., drink more soybean milk and milk, and eat more radishes, vegetables, tofu and fungus. It should be noted here that China has a vast territory, different geographical environment and different lifestyles, which belong to winter, and the climate conditions in the northwest are quite different from those in the southeast coast.

In winter, the weather in northwest China is cold, so it is necessary to supplement products with high temperature and heat, such as cattle, sheep and dog meat. Although Jiangnan has entered the winter, the temperature is much milder than that in the northwest, and the tonic should be sweet, such as chicken, duck and fish; Located in the plateau mountainous area, with little rainfall and dry climate, fruits, vegetables and rock sugar should be used for sweet and nourishing. In addition, it also varies from person to person, because there are differences between men, women and children, and the body (constitution) has the debate of deficiency and excess, cold and heat. In line with the law of human growth, the principles of TCM health preservation, juvenile re-raising, middle-aged re-adjustment, old-age re-insurance and old-age re-extension. Therefore, "winter tonic" should be targeted according to the actual situation, such as clear tonic, warm tonic, small tonic and big tonic, and must not be blindly "tonic"

Related proverbs

Beginning of winter Thunder Shock Spring (North)

Lightning strikes winter, ten cowsheds are empty (north)

It was foggy in beginning of winter that day, and radish was lit in the rice fields in winter (north)

The north wind in beginning of winter is snowy, while the south wind (north) in beginning of winter has no rain and snow.

The north wind in beginning of winter is snowy, and the south wind in beginning of winter (south of the Yangtze River) has no rain or snow.

It was very cold in beginning of winter that day, and there were more air conditioners in a year (north).

Plough gold before winter begins, silver after winter begins, and iron after spring begins. (Hakka)

Sunny in early winter, sunny in winter; Early winter rain, a winter rain (Hakka)

When it rains in winter in beginning of winter, it will rot, and all the rice is gone. (Minnan)

Beginning of winter fills the gap in winter.

Beginning of autumn picked peppers, white dew beat walnuts, planted persimmons in the first frost, and beginning of winter ate soft dates.

Northeast wind in early winter, clear sky in winter. (Minnan)

It is rainy in the south of beginning of winter, and there is no dry (dry) soil in winter (Minnan).

Beginning of winter has rain to prevent rotten winter, and beginning of winter has no fish to prevent spring drought (southern Fujian)

Chongyang sees that there is no rain in beginning of winter, and there is no rain in dry winter in beginning of winter (Jiangxi)

Chongyang sees that there is no rain on the winter solstice, and there is no rain on the winter solstice (Fujian)

Beginning of winter is closely related to light snow, and soil preparation is the first step before winter. (Jiangnan)

Frozen sauerkraut first. Beginning of winter does not raise cattle (North)

The west wind is ringing, the crab's feet itch, and the crab beginning of winter is gone (Jiangnan)

Beginning of winter doesn't eat cakes. It's a beautiful place to die. "(South)

It is windy in early winter and rainy in early spring; It is windy in winter and rainy in summer.

Peas are planted in early winter and come back in a bucket (south)

This winter, wheat will be covered with three quilts, and next year, I will sleep with steamed bread. (country)

On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the chin freezes. (North)