History of Chengde Bifengmen

I. History and Culture of the Temple of Putuo Zongshen

The Temple of Putuo Zongshen is located in the northern part of the Chengde Summer Resort and was built in the 36th year of the Qing Dynasty Qianlong (1771).

"Putuo Zongshen" is the Tibetan language Potala Palace, according to the mountain on the terrain, layer by layer, magnificent, grand and spectacular. Qianlong thirty-six years, for the Qianlong Emperor 60 birthday and the Empress Dowager 80 birthday year, the leaders of the border ethnic minorities are to set Chengde, held a grand celebration of life, there is an unprecedented situation of national unity.

In order to honor the beliefs of all ethnic groups, unite the people of all ethnic groups, the Qianlong emperor imperial decree to build this large temple. At that time, most of the border ethnic minorities respected Tibetan Buddhism.

*** Potala Palace is a center of Tibetan Buddhism. And Tibetan Buddhism proclaims the Potala Palace as the dojo of Guanyin Bodhisattva.

Guanyin Bodhisattva's dojo is said to be in three places: one in India, one in ***, and one in the South China Sea (Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province). The Qianlong Emperor believes that the Guanyin originated in India, and then first to *** for the local, so in the construction of the Guanyin dojo will be "imitation ***, not imitation of the South China Sea".

Putuo Zongshen Temple is built on the basis of traditional Han Chinese architecture, fusion of Tibetan architectural features, it is a model of Chinese-Tibetan architectural art. Putuo Zongshen Temple layout is divided into three parts: the front part includes the gate, the Pavilion, five towers door; the middle part includes the glazed plaque, the white platform, the monks room, etc.; the rear part is the main building Dahongtai and the other buildings around the size of more than 60 * * *, is surrounded by battlements, according to the undulation of the mountains and around the temple of a week of the tall wall.

Stroll through the five-hole stone bridge, into the Tibetan-style door, is the yellow glazed tile roof of the Pavilion. Pavilion erected three stone, in Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan four kinds of text contained "Putuo Zongshen of the temple monument", "Turquoise all submissive record", "preferential pension Turquoise Department of the record" of the three articles.

After the Pavilion of Monuments is the door of the five towers. Five Pagoda Gate full of white walls, there are three layers of Tibetan blind windows, under the three arches, the top of the door with five Lama Towers, a pair of large stone elephants in front of the door, symbolizing good luck and the boundless power of the Mahayana school of Buddhism.

Along the stone canopies along the slope, through the arches; follow the steps straight to the main building Dahongdae. Dahongtai full height of 43 meters, the base is 18 meters high, 10,000 square meters on the plane, in this wide base built on the 25-meter-high purplish red palladium of the large platform, so called Dahongtai.

The wall has 6 layers of blind windows, the big red stage is the center of the 6 glazed Buddha niche, niche carved with a large Wanshou Buddha and many small Wanshou Buddha. The center of the big red platform is called "Wan Fa Hui Yi" hall, which is a square hall with heavy eaves and pointed roof, covered with gilt fish scale tiles, spinal beasts and doxa bells.

*** with more than 14,000 yellow two, the hall is provided with a number of bronze statues of Buddha. Visited the temple of Putuo Zongshen, can be said to be a symbolic visit to the *** of the Potala Palace.

Qianlong 35 years (1770) is the year of Qianlong 60 birthday, the following year is the Empress Dowager Niu drill record of 80 birthday. ***, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Mongolia and other places of the princes and chiefs of all ethnic groups have asked to go to Chengde to wish a birthday.

Qianlong exceptionally attaches great importance to these two grand ***, specially ordered by the Ministry of the Interior imitation of the former Tibetan political and religious leaders *** resident *** Potala Palace in Chengde to build this temple. Qianlong thirty-two years (1767) in March, the original plan was completed in three years, due to the construction of the late fire, delayed until thirty-six years (1771) completed in August, covering an area of 21.

6 hectares. Putuo Zongshen is the translation of the Tibetan Budhara, so the temple is also known as the Budhara, due to the scale than *** Budhara small, commonly known as the small Potala Palace.

Putuo Zongsheng of the temple's overall layout and *** similar to the Potala Palace, no obvious axis, momentum can not catch up with the *** Potala, but it covers a wide range of large volume for the mainland temples only. The whole temple layout is divided into two parts: the former part is located in the hillside, by the white platform, the door, the monument pavilion and other buildings; the latter part is located on the top of the mountain, the layout of the big red platform and room Fort.

According to the characteristics, can be divided into three parts: the first part consists of the mountain gate, the Pavilion, five towers door, glazed plaque; the second part is the white platform group, consisting of a number of large and small white platform; the third part of the big red platform. White platform group into a "*" shape, on the arch of the big red platform, under the door, Pavilion, five towers and pagodas, this architectural layout for the outside of the eight temples is also unique to Chinese temple architecture.

Second, from the Chengde Medical College to the Chengde City Shuangqiao District Bifengmen Folk Culture Street Building 6 how to go

Bus line: 28 Road, the whole process is about 9.6 kilometers 1, from the Chengde Medical College station to take the 28 Road, after 14 stops, arrived at the Fire God Temple station 2, walk about 1.5 kilometers to Chengde City, Shuangqiao District, Bifengmen Folk Culture Street Building 6 Driving Route: the whole process is about 10.6 kilometers Starting point: Chengde Medical College 1. From the starting point to the west direction, drive 340 meters, turn left 2. drive 330 meters, turn right 3. drive 50 meters, turn right 4. drive 3.9 kilometers, go straight into the Chengwei line 5. along the Chengwei line drive 240 meters, in the 2nd exit, towards the Pulle Road / Yingbin Road / downtown direction, the left rear turn into the North Pulle Road 6. along the North Pulle Road drive 2.6 kilometers, towards the Lizhengmen Drive 2.6km along Pule North Road, turn right slightly onto the ramp in the direction of Lizhengmen Street/Shanzhuang East Road 7. Drive 260m along the ramp, turn right onto Tiger Gully Road 8. Drive 370m along Tiger Gully Road, take the 3rd exit, turn left into Shanzhuang Road in the direction of Lizhengmen Street/Summer Resort 9. Drive 310m along Shanzhuang Road, go straight ahead into Lizhengmen Street 10. Drive 330m along Lizhengmen Street, cross the right side of the road, and then turn right into Bifeng Street, turn left into Shanzhuang Road after 60m. After 60 meters, turn right slightly into South Shanzhuang Road in the direction of Bifeng Street 11.Drive along South Shanzhuang Road for 550 meters, turn left slightly into Bifengmen Road 12.Drive along Bifengmen Road for 860 meters, make a U-turn 13.Drive for 100 meters and arrive at the end point (on the right side of the road) Finish point: No.6 Building, Bifengmen Folk Culture Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City.

History about Chengde Summer Resort

The Chengde Summer Resort was once the summer palace of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty of China.

180 kilometers from Beijing. It is made up of the emperor's palace, royal gardens and a cluster of magnificent temples.

Summer Resort is located in Chengde, north of the city center, the west bank of the Wulie River, a narrow valley, the layout of the building can be divided into two major parts of the palace area and the Court area, the Court area can be divided into three parts of the lake area, the plains and the mountainous areas. Within the 72 scenes of the Kangxi Qianlong.

There are more than 100 buildings such as halls, chambers, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, Xuan, Lai, and temples. It is one of the three major ancient architectural complexes in China, and its biggest feature is that there is a garden in the mountain and a mountain in the garden.

[1] After the construction of the summer residence, the Qing Emperor every year, there is a lot of time in this to deal with important military and political affairs, receive foreign envoys and border minority political and religious leaders. Here occurred a series of important events, important relics and important cultural relics, become the final formation of China's multi-ethnic unified state of historical testimony.

Summer Resort and the surrounding temples is a closely related organic whole, but also has a strong contrast of different styles, the Summer Resort is simple and elegant, its surrounding temples brilliant. This is one of the important initiatives of the Qing Emperor to deal with ethnic relations.

Due to the existence of numerous groups of historical and cultural heritage, so that the summer residence and the surrounding temples have become a national key cultural relics protection units, the country's top ten scenic spots, and one of the forty-four scenic spots protected, Chengde has also become the country's first twenty-four historical and cultural cities. Summer Palace and Beijing's Summer Palace, Suzhou's Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou's Liouyuan and known as the country's four great gardens.

The old version of the TV series "Pearl Palace", the first, second and third, are in Chengde Summer Resort shooting, the mountain in the smoke and rain building is "Shufangzhai". 2011 among the "China's top 100 tourist attractions" list, ranked 61st.

Summer Resort, also known as Chengde Palace or Jehol Palace, is located in the north of Chengde city center, Hebei Province, and was the place where the Qing emperors used to spend their summers to escape the heat and deal with political affairs. As Chen Yunhe poem "Chengde Summer Resort" wrote: "summer, a Qing dynasty court all moved to Chengde winter, an emperor and the mountains and transported back to the capital house to move the river to move the river to transport the Yue Yue Palace and summer, the imperial edicts and folders moved nest".

Summer Resort is located in Chengde city center north of the west bank of the Wulie River in a narrow valley, 230 kilometers from Beijing. It was built in 1703, after three generations of Qing emperors: Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, and took about 90 years to complete.

Compared with the Forbidden City in Beijing, the summer residence is a simple and elegant mountain village for the style, taking the natural landscape of the original color, absorbing the scenery of the Jiangnan Sebei, and becoming China's largest existing area of the ancient imperial palace.

Fourth, Chengde has thousands of years of history

Chengde City has a long history, as early as the Neolithic era, there are primitive people living.

Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the central government has set up in Chengde, county, prefecture, state, county and other administrative institutions.

The first year of the Qing Yongzheng set up Jehol Hall, forty-three years of Qianlong changed to Chengde Province, Jiaqing 15 years set up Jehol Metropolitan Government.

After the Xinhai Revolution, the government system was abolished and the Jehol Special District was set up.

The seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928) began to build the province, designated as the capital of the province of Jehol.

In 1933, Chengde was invaded by the Japanese and established as a special administrative region of the pseudo-Manchurian state.

It was liberated in 1945.

In 1946, the strategic shift of our army was occupied by the national party.

In 1948, Chengde was liberated again and came under the jurisdiction of Jehol province, where it was the capital.

In 1955, the Jehol province was abolished, and in 1956, the city of Chengde was transferred to Hebei province, and in September of the same year, it was transferred to Chengde prefecture.

In November 1956, Xinglong County Yingtaiyingzi, Shouwangfen transferred to the jurisdiction of the city of Chengde, set up Yingtaiyingzi mining district.

In 1958, Chengde County was abolished and incorporated into the city of Chengde.

On March 15, 1960, the merger of Chengde City, Chengde City after the merger of urban areas, the lower plate city, Longhua County, Weichang County, Fengning County, Luanping County, Xinglong County, Qinglong County, Pingquan County.

In May 1961, Chengde was divided into two cities, and after the merger, Chengde City set up Cuiqiao District, Hongqiao District, Shuangta Mountain District, Hongshi Mountain District, and Shuangfeng Temple Work Committee.

In February 1965, Yingtaiyingzi, Shouwangfen, horse circle reallocated to the city of Chengde, re-established Yingtaiyingzi mining district.

In January 1984, the city of Chengde into a provincial municipality, the jurisdiction of Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District, Eagle's Nest Mining District, Chengde County. Qinglong County was transferred to Qinhuangdao.

July 1, 1993, the merger of land and city, the implementation of municipal management system, jurisdiction over eight counties and three districts.

Chengde, formerly known as Jehol, she has a long history, with a rich multi-ethnic history and cultural connotations. According to evidence, here as early as in the Central Longshan culture period there are remains of human activities. During the Warring States period, the state of Yan set up a county-level local *** in this area, and after the Qin Dynasty, there have also been local *** set up in successive generations. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, ethnic minorities such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols have been nomadic in this area. Until the early years of the Qing Dynasty, now the city of Chengde City is still only a small village with only a few dozen families, called Jehol Shangying. Kangxi forty-two years (1703) the Qing court in the construction of this summer resort, the first year of Yongzheng (1723) to set up the Hot River Hall, eleven years (1733) to take the meaning of "bear the ancestral grace", renamed Chengde state. This is the origin of the name "Chengde". Since then, Chengde gradually developed into a city of "ten thousand lights more than before". However, from the reign of Xianfeng (1851), until the *** reign, Chengde was declining and full of desolation. After the 1911 Revolution, the government system was canceled and the Jehol Special Region was established, and Jehol Province was founded in 1929, with Chengde as the capital of Jehol Province. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China **** and the State, the city of Chengde by the decline into the newborn. 1993 July the original Chengde City and Chengde area merged.

V. The origin of the Chengde Purple Seas Pearl

Why is it called the Purple Seas Pearl

Chengde is a Danxia landform, the mountains and rocks Cheng red, so it is called "Purple"; because Chengde in the ancient north of the mouth outside, also known as the Seaside, but also because of the Chengde is a cultural city of landscapes, ancient architecture, gardens, history set, so it is called the "Purple Seas Pearl".

Cultural Characteristics

Chengde was first named in Mongolian as "Harun Gulu", or "Harun Gol", which means "Hot River", so Chengde is also known as the "Hot River". Jehol. The land belonged to the Karakin and Wengniu Te Department. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the Mongolian horse ranch, it was just a small mountain village with a few dozen families, called Rehe Shangying. 1703, after Kangxi built a summer residence in Chengde, it was the place where the Qing emperors used to spend their summer vacations or came to work when they went on hunting tours here. Wulie River flows through the city.

Chengde City, with its magnificent scenery, unique charm and strong cultural atmosphere, Chengde has won the title of "China's hometown of photography", "China's photographer photography base". In Chengde's national reputation for photography, painting, calligraphy and other disciplines have a large number of heavyweight artists and their works. Paper-cutting industry paper-cutting is the heritage of the traditional family culture of Chengde region and Manchu national art, which is spread throughout the counties and districts of Chengde, especially Fengning paper-cutting is the most famous. 1992 was named by the Ministry of Culture, "China's paper-cutting hometown" in 2005, included in the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage list.