The Crown Ceremony is one of the ancient Jia rituals. It is a rite of passage for Han Chinese men. The rite of passage originated in primitive society, indicating that young men and women of a certain age are mature enough to get married and participate in various activities as an adult member of a clan. The Bar Mitzvah (also known as the Coming of Age Ceremony) is performed by the clan elders according to the tradition of holding certain ceremonies for young adults in order to be recognized. The rites of passage of the Huaxia people are the crown rite for men and the maturity rite for women. According to the scriptures, it was practiced during the Zhou Dynasty. According to the Zhou system, a man at the age of 20 years old to perform the rite of passage, but the son of the gods and lords to take charge of the country early, more early rites. Legend has it that Zhou Wen was crowned at the age of fifty-two, and King Cheng was crowned at the age of fifteen. Ancient crown ceremony held in the temple, the date of February, ten days before the crown, the recipient of the crown to first divine the auspicious day, no auspicious day within ten days, then divining to choose the next ten days of the auspicious day. Then the auspicious date to inform friends and relatives. And three days before the crown ceremony, and divining method to choose to preside over the crown ceremony of the guest of honor, and choose a "praise crown" to assist in the crown ceremony. When the ceremony is performed, the master (usually the father of the crowned person), the chief guest and the crowned person all wear dresses. First add the Velvet cloth crown, the second awarded to the leather bent, and finally awarded to the title bent. After each crown, the guest of honor reads a toast to the crown recipient. The speech is: on this beautiful and auspicious day, I will give you the dress of an adult; please give up the ambition of children and young people, and create the sentiment of an adult; keep the honor and cultivate the virtue; I wish you a long life and great happiness and fortune. The recipient then pays homage to his mother. Then, the guest of honor would take his name, which in the Zhou Dynasty was usually called "伯某甫"(伯、仲、叔、季, depending on the rank). Then the host sends the guest to the temple gate, toasts him, and pays him with a bundle of silk and leather (five pieces of silk and two pieces of deerskin), and gives him meat and livestock. The recipient of the crown changes into a ceremonial cap and gown and goes to pay his respects to the king, and then to the township officials with gifts of Zhi (pheasants, etc.). If the father has died, the recipient is required to make an offering to his father's god to show that he has completed the rite of coronation in front of his father. After the sacrifice, he pays homage to his uncle and uncle, and then enjoys the food. The rites of crowning, taking characters, and paying respect to the head of the government changed in later generations according to the time and place, and were held from the age of fifteen to twenty in the private sector, varying from place to place. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony was moved to a few days before or the day before the marriage. In some areas, since the Song Dynasty, the ceremony has been simplified, with no guests being invited, and it is performed only in the family or within the confines of the family's own home. Rites of Passage. Crowning Rites of the Shi" Jia Gongyan: "The vassal twelve and crown. If the son of heaven, also with the vassals, twelve and crown ...... The Da Dai Ritual says: 'King Wen gave birth to Bo Yi Kao in his thirteenth year', and the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Crowning and giving birth to a son is also a rite of passage.'" And the Rites of Passage. Crowning Rites of the Scholar: "The Beginning Plus (Crown) wishes: 'On the auspicious day of the month, the Beginning Plus Yuan clothing, abandoning the word of the young, Shun'er Chengde. Shoukou but good luck, between the Jingfu.' And then added that: 'auspicious month, is the service, honoring your majesty, Shu Shen Erde. I will live for ten thousand years and be blessed forever. The third addition said: 'By the right of the year, by the order of the month. Hamgar service. Brothers with in order to become the virtue, Huang Lao boundless, subject to the celebration of heaven.'" Song Zhu Xi, "Zhu Zi class of speech" Volume 89: "[Crowning ceremony] is a matter of their own house, what is so difficult to do? What is so difficult about closing the door and placing a scarf and crown on a child?"
Maturity ceremony is also a kind of ancient rite of passage. For the Han women's rite of passage. Commonly known as "on the head", "on the head ceremony". Maturity, that is, hairpin. Since the Zhou Dynasty, it has been stipulated that a noblewoman should perform the maturity rite before she gets married after her betrothal (promise to marry). Generally, it was held at the age of fifteen, and if the woman had not yet been promised in marriage, she would perform the maturity rite at the age of twenty. At the time of the maturity ceremony, a woman's hair is changed from the way it was when she was a child, and her hair is put into a bun, which is then wrapped in a black cloth and fixed with a hairpin. The main performer of the maturity ceremony is the female parent, and a female guest is invited to add maturity to the girl's hair to indicate that she has reached adulthood and is ready to get married. After a woman of the noble family receives her maturity, she is usually taught adult education at the public palace or the clan's office, and is taught "women's virtue, women's appearance, women's work, and women's speech," which are the skills that a daughter-in-law must have in order to be able to treat and serve her aunts and uncles, as well as the skills of working with women's red hair and laboring in the family's house. In later times, it was changed to "Teaching Tea", in which the mother of a young girl would give her precepts and teach her manners. When a woman is fifteen years old, she is called "reaching maturity". Rites of Passage. The Wedding of the Scholar: "When a woman is ready to marry, she is given the rite of maturity and is called a character." The Book of Rites. Nei Zi": "A woman ...... Ten years and five years and maturity."