Writing traditional culture with dialectics

Dialectical thoughts in China's traditional culture have a long history and are rich in content. China advocated understanding the world from an objective and dialectical point of view long ago. The Book of Changes is the bud of China's dialectics, with a history of more than 3,000 years. Throughout history, Laozi put forward the dialectical relationship of interdependence of opposites in the pre-Qin period. During the Warring States period, Han Fei had the idea that "everything must rise and fall, and when it is over, there must be relaxation". In Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai thought that "two things are invisible; If it is invisible, then both are used. " China's ancient dialectics not only enriched the theoretical treasure house of China's excellent traditional culture, but also creatively added particles of truth to the history of human cognition.

1 Laozi's dialectical thought

1. 1 the main content of Laozi's dialectical thought

1. 1. 1 Reflections on the Movement and Change of Things

Mainly reflected in the role of Laozi's "Tao". Tao is the highest category of Laozi's philosophy. Laozi believes that the emergence, movement and change of things are all the results of the action of Tao. He said: "Tao gives birth to one, life gives birth to two, life gives birth to three, and life gives birth to everything." Everything is negative and holds yang, and it is thought to be harmonious "(Chapter 40 of Laozi). The explanations of "one", "two" and "three" in this sentence can be thought as follows: "Tao is the ontology of the universe, and its origin is one, so one can also be called Tao. One is born with Tao, the avenue is new, the other is Tao, and Tao is one. Therefore, it is said that' the Tao gives birth to one' and the Tao establishes one'. Tao produces heaven and earth, heaven and earth produce, qi, and three qi produce everything. "

1. 1.2 contradiction is a common view.

The book Laozi uses dozens of concepts to illustrate the contradiction and opposition between things. For example: whether there is, how much, size, length, weight, height (up), left and right, front and back, positive and negative, calm (dynamic), rigid (firm) soft, strong and weak, misfortune, honor and disgrace, surplus and deficiency, etc. Laozi used so many concepts to explain the contradictory relationship between two sides of things, which shows that Laozi has a profound insight into the contradictory relationship of things. More importantly, Lao Tzu not only saw two contradictory sides of things, but also thoroughly expounded this contradictory relationship. Laozi made a concrete and vivid analysis of the interdependence between the two sides of the contradiction.

1. 1.3 The important content of Laozi's dialectical thought is the thought of contradiction transformation.

He believes that the transformation between two contradictory sides of things is a universal phenomenon and absolute. He said, "just, do you want to go to geometry?" What's the difference between good and evil? " (Chapter 20) This passage of Laozi means that right and wrong are not far apart from good and evil, and there is no absolute boundary, which can be transformed. Laozi also cited many facts in real life to illustrate the universality and decisiveness of contradiction transformation. For example, he said, "Not independent, not across." See their own is not obvious; Self-cutting is reactive; Self-defeating people are not long "(Chapter 24). This sentence means that you can't stand on tiptoe for a long time, and people who stride forward can't go far; Self-righteous people, on the contrary, can not show it; Those who cry roast meat will not see the advantages; Autistic people can't last long. In a word, Laozi abstracted all kinds of realistic phenomena in real life and well summarized the universality of contradiction transformation. It has profound practical significance and theoretical value.

Laozi not only realized the universality of contradiction, but also guessed some changes in the transformation of contradiction. As Lao Tzu said:

"The folded wood is born in a milli, and the nine-story platform starts from the tired soil; A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. " (Chapter 64) Taking the growth and change of trees, the construction of high platforms and the journey of thousands of miles as examples, Lao Tzu explained that the change of things is a process, in which not only quantitative change, but also qualitative change gradually. Laozi also applied the idea of contradiction transformation to life to explain how people should do things. In a word, Lao Tzu put forward a set of philosophy of life by using the dialectical view of contradiction transformation. No matter how we evaluate this philosophy of life, we can't deny that it contains rich dialectical thoughts. Even from this, we can realize the practicability of China's philosophy.

1.2 the significance of Laozi's dialectics

1.2. 1 Laozi's dialectical thought occupies an important position in the history of China's philosophy.

The important categories of China's ancient philosophy were basically put forward by Taoism headed by Laozi, so his dialectics had a great influence on the development of China and the world philosophy. Later, materialism and idealism absorbed and developed his thoughts from different angles. After Laozi put forward the theory of naive dialectics, it immediately influenced the theory of a hundred schools of thought contending. For example, his famous viewpoint of "the weak wins the strong" was not only inherited by Taoism, but also absorbed by Legalists, which laid the foundation and promoted the journey of Legalists' theory of "skill" and "potential". As a wonderful flower of China's traditional philosophy, Laozi's dialectics has many similarities or similarities with today's Marxist philosophy in theory, and has its unique historical position in the course of Marx's philosophy, because the emergence of Marxist philosophy is inseparable from the development of world civilization since ancient times. Up to now, Laozi has put forward that "a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step", "words are not beautiful, American language is not believed", "great success comes late" and "it never rains but it pours". Famous sayings such as "Happiness lies in misfortune" are still important principles that people admire and follow, which have a positive impact on people's thoughts and behaviors.