Appreciation of Classical Poetry III: Appreciating Images

First, the interpretation of the syllabus.

The outline requires you to appreciate the images of classical poetry. Image refers to the vivid and concrete material carrier created by poetry works, which embodies the author's life ideal and thoughts and feelings. Images in classical poetry generally include three parts: character images (characters or lyric protagonists portrayed in poems) and scenery images (scenery in landscape poems or miscellaneous poems, objects in chanting poems or miscellaneous poems). And the appreciation of each image has its own methods and skills. Appreciation of ancient poetry images is a topic with high frequency in the college entrance examination for poetry appreciation. College entrance examination 20 13 has three sets of questions to directly examine the appreciation of poetic images. 20 12 college entrance examination has 8 sets of questions to directly examine image appreciation. Analysis is the thoughts and feelings of poetry, and it is also inseparable from the appreciation of poetic images.

★ Character image

Second, integrate common sense.

Common characters in poetry are:

1. A poet who doesn't admire powerful people and is bold and uninhibited. For example, Li Bai. ? Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face. It shows his thoughts of being indifferent to wealth and despising power, and also reflects his arrogant and unruly personality.

2. The image of a poet who cares about the world, the country and the people. Such as Du Fu. ? There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande, which makes all the poor people in the world very happy. Alas, when I suddenly saw this house in front of me, my family froze to death alone. ? Poets don't just stay in personal sorrow, but can push themselves and others, showing the character of worrying about the country and the people.

3. The image of a hermit who cares for mountains and rivers and lives in seclusion in the countryside. For example, Tao Yuanming. ? Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan? It shows a leisurely and secluded life, showing the poet's aversion to officialdom and his love for the countryside; Such as Wang Wei. "Mountain in Autumn Night" expresses its love for landscape scenery by describing the scene of empty mountains and new rain in late autumn.

4. The image of a scholar-bureaucrat with no talent and lofty aspirations. Like Chen Ziang. On the tower of Youzhou, it says: I didn't see the king of the saint, and after that, I didn't see the teacher of the saint. When I think of the vast universe, I shed tears sadly. It created the image of an intellectual with an empty mind serving the country and the people, but he could not show it.

5. The image of a poet who is determined to serve the country and is generous and cynical. Many of Lu You's and Xin Qiji's poems reflect their feelings of loyalty to the monarch and serving the country without being reused, which are vivid. Such as Xiuzi, The Wind and Cloud of November 4th and Broken Array.

6. The image of a soldier who devoted himself to frontier fortress and opposed conquest. For example, William Wang's "Liangzhou Ci" and Wang Changling's "Chusai" show their loyalty to the country and dedication to the frontier fortress. Du Fu's Car Shop observes people's sufferings and opposes war.

7. Love-hate parting image. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling" describes the infinite sadness when leaving the woman he loves and the continuous affection of acacia after leaving, shaping an artistic image of love and hate.

8. The image of a wanderer who lives in another country and stays on the road. Such as Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha? Qiu Si created an image of a wanderer who missed his hometown in autumn, was tired of wandering, and was full of bitterness and sadness.

9. The image of a woman who is lonely, sad and eager to be alone. For example, Wang Changling's "Forever in My Heart" went upstairs to enjoy the spring scenery? Regret teaching your husband to find a seal? The image of a thoughtful woman.

10. The image of a maid-in-waiting longing for freedom and loneliness. Zhu Qingyu's Gong Ci? County magistrate Liu, everyone wants to talk about the sadness in the palace. No one dares to reveal his depression in front of the parrot. ? In the spring when flowers are in full bloom, the palace gate is silent and locked. I am very depressed and want to spit on each other, but I am afraid that parrots will rap and dare not speak.

Third, the test site breakthrough.

(A) the way to sort out the problem:

What kind of character is portrayed in the poem? Please analyze this poem.

What kind of character is XXX in the poem? Please analyze it briefly.

What kind of feelings does XXX in this poem express?

Please summarize the image characteristics in the poem.

(2) Basic answer steps:

Step 1: Summarize the basic features of the image.

Step 2: Analyze the image in combination with poetry.

The third step: summarize the meaning of the image (the author's ideological content and attitude, the author's feelings, ideals, pursuits, personality, etc.). )

(3) Method summary and application demonstration

Grasping three concerns of characters in poetry;

A focus: connecting the poet's fate with his times.

Second, attention: grasp the language, manner, movement and psychology of the characters in the poem.

Three concerns: pay attention to the contrast function of image artistic conception in poetry.

Example 1 Read the following Song poems and answer the questions. (Excerpted from Liaoning Volume of College Entrance Examination 20 13)

Zhu Xuanshi and Zhang Hangzi

However, the Chai Men wind blew away, and the narrow diameter began to grow bamboo.

The sharp shadow is thin from the tea bowl, and the leaves sound light.

Summer is tired, the stars pass by, winter is idle, daytime is idle, and the snow is crushed.

It is expected that it will be better at this time. Don't touch a plum under the wall.

Sealed cigarette: a wisp of incense.

Please combine the whole poem and briefly analyze the image of the poet when putting forward the real question. (6 points)

A:

Location of test sites This topic examines the examinee's ability to understand and grasp the poetic characters.

Demonstration of skills because we don't know much about poets. Therefore, to solve this problem, we must grasp the behavior and psychological description of the protagonist in the poem, and pay attention to the contrast between the image and the artistic conception description in the poem. Triple? Summer is tired, the stars pass by, winter is idle, daytime is idle, and the snow is crushed? It is a description of behavior, and the fourth part is the psychological description of the poet, which directly shows the poet's free and easy character. The first and second couplets describe the living environment of the characters, which is quiet and simple, setting off the poet's leisurely life; And in poetry? Where is Zhu? It is an image with noble and elegant implications. With these things, poets are naturally noble and elegant people.

Bamboo porch to Chai Men, the breeze is blowing, and Chai Men is naturally blown away. In front of the porch, there is a newly opened path with many bamboos planted on both sides. When the porch sits quietly, the shadow of the bamboo tip seems to fall on the porch through the tea bowl. The smoke of seal script flies, and the sound of bamboo leaves seems to float gently with the smoke of seal script. Summer is suitable for sleeping in the cool, and you can see the stars passing through the bamboo forest. In winter, sitting here reciting poems, you can see the clear scenery of plain snow pressing on bamboo branches. Imagine that in winter, the scenery here must be particularly pleasant; In winter, the Leng Xiang cold core of plum blossoms and the twigs and green leaves trimmed by bamboo make the bamboo porch more quiet, so the plum trees in the corner must not be pulled out.

Appreciation of Poetry This poem is written in a bamboo porch, which is natural and beautiful, from which we can see the author's own interest. Although the author was born in a rich family, his academic performance was very high, but his mind was clear and his hobby was elegant, and he got rid of the vulgar habits of rich children.

In the first two sentences, Zhu Xuan faced Chai Men, and the breeze swept in, and Chai Men was naturally blown away. In front of the porch, there is a newly opened path with many bamboos planted on both sides. The environment is elegant. Write three or four sentences about the clear shadow of bamboo tips and the sound of bamboo leaves being blown by the wind. The beauty of writing in combination with Qing affairs in Xuan lies in its free and easy nature, which is enough to arouse the poet's poetic interest. The fifth and sixth sentences are about the bamboo porch, about the snowy days in summer and winter, mainly about lying on the porch watching the stars and talking about the snow in winter. Stars pass through? And then what? Snow rolling? According to this, write bamboo to achieve the degree of scene blending. So the fashion is in summer, so the situation written in the sixth sentence is only imagination and expectation. The author imagines that the clear scenery here must be particularly pleasant in winter. Winter is the season of plum blossom, and the Leng Xiang cold core of plum blossom is matched with the twigs and green leaves trimmed by bamboo. Even if it doesn't snow, plum and bamboo will be together, making the bamboo porch more quiet. If it snows, then the plum blossoms will be reflected in the snow, and listening to the sound of knocking on gold and jade in the bamboo forest will make this place more clear. So the author tells himself in the poem:? Don't move the plum under the wall. Plum blossoms will bring more poetry to Zhu Xuan! By then, right? She leaned against a tall bamboo tree and bathed in the sunset? , or enjoy the plum blossom under the moon, and then listen to yourself.

Reference answers have created a leisurely, free and easy and elegant poet image. (Step 1) Go through the right? Zhuxuan Chai Men narrow path? The description of the simple and quiet living environment shows the leisure and complacency of the poet's daily life; ? Sleepy and idle? It embodies the poet's free and easy attitude towards life; ? Where is Zhu? These images show the poet's elegant taste in life. (Step 2 and Step 3)

★ Landscape image

Second, integrate common sense.

There are four kinds of scenery images in the poem:

① Picture image: that is, the scenery seen by the poet, expressing emotions through the artistic conception formed by countless scenes. Like what? Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Mud melts into swallows, sand warms up and sleeps in mandarin ducks? The scenery is. More taste, more thinking.

(2) Traditional image: a scene with a specific meaning, because it often appears in poetry and expresses feelings through a specific meaning. Like what? Rhododendron flowers flowing on the moon? Wait a minute. Accumulate more memories.

3 figurative image: that is, an image with figurative meaning in poetry, which conveys feelings by visualizing the ontology. For example, the poem in Li Yu's Yu Meiren: How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward? Will be sad like a spring. Understand the subject from the vehicle.

(4) Symbolic image: the symbolic image in poetry, which expresses feelings by personifying the scenery. For example, the object to be sung in the object-chanting poem. Think about people from things.

Third, the test site breakthrough.

Frequently asked questions? Artistic conception analysis problem

(a) Ways of sorting out problems and:

What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?

What kind of picture does this poem (or poem) depict?

What kind of scenery do some poems describe?

What are the characteristics of the scenery described in some poems?

(2) Step of answering questions

The first step: describe the picture displayed in the poem and point out the description technique.

Step 2: Summarize the characteristics of scenery creating atmosphere.

Step 3: Analyze the thoughts and feelings involved.

(3) Method summary and application demonstration

Three notes on artistic conception analysis:

One note: draw a picture and combine poetry with imagination. To describe the picture in a poem, we should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in our own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.

Second, attention: it is necessary to summarize the characteristics of artistic conception from multiple angles. Generally, two disyllabic words are used to summarize the characteristics of artistic conception, which is best summarized from different angles such as color, movement, vision, rise and fall, light and shade, momentum and so on. For example, loneliness and desolation, tranquility and beauty, grandeur and magnificence, bleakness and desolation, tranquility and beauty, beauty and meaning, sadness and sadness. Pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional tone of the scene.

Three points to note: the analysis of emotions should be specific. Emotional analysis of poetry should not be empty, but concrete. Like just answering? Express the author's sentimental feelings? It's not good. Why? Sentimental? .

Common question 2: image feature analysis.

(A) combing the way of asking questions

Analyze the characteristics of the image.

Summarize the image characteristics of an image.

(2) Step of answering questions

Step 1: Summarize the image features.

Step two: analyze the image characteristics in combination with poetry. This step is omitted. )

(3) Method summary and application demonstration

Three concerns about image feature analysis;

A focus: words used by poets to decorate their images.

Second, attention: the natural attribute of the image itself.

Three concerns: the poet describes the rhetoric of images and the sentences that set off images.

The common ideographic function of poetic images.

Frequently asked questions: three types of image operations

(A) combing the way of asking questions

What role does an image play in poetry?

What is the connotation of an image in poetry?

What emotion does an image express the poet?

Appreciate the images in poetry with poetry.

(2) Step of answering questions

Step 1: Judge the image category and summarize the image features. (judging whether it is a picture image, a traditional image, a concrete image or a symbolic image by combining poetry; What are the characteristics? )

Step 2: Point out the meaning of the image. Images convey the author's emotions, ideals, pursuits, personality and so on. )

Step 3: Point out the feelings for readers. Picture images have a sense of picture, traditional images have associations, concrete images are vivid, and symbolic images are implicit and concise. )

Step 4: Analyze whether the image has structural function.

(3) Method summary and application demonstration

Four concerns about the role of images in solving problems;

First, pay attention to the image characteristics in poetry. The image characteristics described by the poet in his poems conform to the poet's feelings.

Second, pay attention to the traditional connotation of poetic images. Some images have traditional connotations and can also express the poet's thoughts, feelings, opinions and attitudes.

Third, pay attention to lyric words in poetry. Images ultimately serve lyricism.

Fourth, pay attention to the position of the image. We should look at the role of image in structure from its position.

Example 1 Read the following Tang poems and complete the questions. (Excerpted from Hunan Volume of the 20 12 College Entrance Examination)

Break sand (1) (2)

Li yi

Shatou geese fly. Yao Quan (2) returned from the last battle.

Tomorrow, I will leave the southeast, covered with cold iron clothes.

Note ① Broken sand, desert name. ②? Yaoquan: The name of the spring.

Please appreciate the whole poem from the perspective of artistic conception. (6 points)

A:

Location of test sites This topic examines the examinee's ability to appreciate the artistic conception of poetry.

The first step of skill demonstration is to translate the poem with imagination. As far as this poem is concerned, this step is relatively simple. The second step is to summarize the artistic conception characteristics of poetry. Poetry describes the battlefield scene beyond the Great Wall, which is magnificent in vision and magnificent in momentum. Pay attention to the accuracy of words in this step. The third step is to analyze the feelings embodied in the artistic conception. This frontier poem is obviously a victory, so it is in high spirits. And then what? Goose? It is a traditional image with homesickness. ? Covered in cold iron clothes? There is also a sentence that shows the bitterness and cold beyond the Great Wall, and there is a sense of urgency. What else is there? Sad? Yes, but this? Sad? Not depressed, so? Tragedy? . This step is more difficult.

The translation of the poem is broken, and geese are flying in the sand. The soldier who defeated the enemy in Yaoquan has just returned. A red sun rises from Ran Ran on the horizon in the southeast. On the vast and flat sand, marching troops like Youlong, soldiers' armor like silver scales, shining in the sun.

Poetry appreciation, the title of a poem? How many times has Saibei broken Shana? . ? Broken sand? This is the translation of desert. Punasha? . This poem mainly eulogizes the heroism of frontier fortress soldiers, and writes about returning from combat rather than fighting. On the basis of materials, we should be partial and comprehensive, and give full play to our specialties in quatrains. The whole creation is unique, vigorous and powerful, and won the charm of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scene of the troops successfully crossing the broken sand. Start with three sentences? Go out tomorrow It can be seen that the dawn has not yet arrived. The troops marched at night, sometimes the troops killed each other, and the geese perched on the sand moraine shouted and flew away. ? Back from the battlefield? Is it written in the front? How to break the sand? Things? Is the goose flying? Is to write about its influence. A red sun rises from Ran Ran on the horizon in the southeast. On the vast and flat sand, marching troops such as Youlong, soldiers' armor such as silver scales, are shining with cold light in the sun. On the whole sand plain, sand and frost are also shining and dazzling. This is a spectacular scene with strong vitality. It is difficult to see the beautiful scenery in the sand-filled desert, but at this time such beautiful scenery actually appeared in front of the soldiers. At the same time, the return of soldiers also adds color to the sand garden; It seems that the dazzling light of the whole desert comes from their armor. Here, environment and meaning, objective beauty and subjective emotion are integrated, and things and I are not divided.

The whole poem depicts the soldiers returning from the battlefield. The first two sentences write that the desert is far away and the geese fly high, which has both the joy of the winner and the homesickness of people. The last two sentences describe the sunrise in the southeast and the cold clothes, which not only shows the clean-up of military capacity under the magnificent background, but also implies the hardships of military life. The poem captures rich images with frontier characteristics, and through the comparison of joy, sadness, warmth and melody, it creates a heroic and magnificent artistic conception and expresses the generous and tragic feelings of the recruiter.

Example 2 Read the following poem and then answer this question. (Excerpted from Shandong Volume 20 13)

The mountain temple rises at night.

Jiang Teng

The moon rose to the top of the rock and a smoke shone below.

The smoke was as white as a cloud and flowed to the front of the wild temple.

Open the door and cherish the night view, and pay attention to it in frosty days.

Seeing homeless people, no one can sleep alone in the mountains.

The real question is presented: three or four sentences? Smoking? What are the characteristics?

Location of test sites This topic examines the image appreciation ability of poetry works.

The technical demonstration here examines the scene-smoke. Smoke, that is, fog and clouds. Appreciate the third sentence, pay attention? Metaphor? The role of rhetoric, writing the color of clouds? White as a cloud? . To appreciate the fourth sentence, we should grasp the words that describe the image? Flow? Write the dynamics of clouds and gases. Connecting with the theme of poetry-wandering abroad and missing my hometown, it is not difficult to find this? Smoking? Image and emotion are consistent.

The moon rises from the rocks and shines brightly on the whole stream. The smoke is as white as a cloud, and the stream gurgles towards the temple in this wilderness. Open the door, enjoy the night view and look up at the deep cold night sky. Who has ever seen a homeless person like me who can't sleep alone in this deep forest?

Appreciation of Poetry Jiang Kun (18 18 ~ 1866) was a poet in Qing Dynasty. When Xianfeng was a county student, he tried every time. He used to be an assistant or a teacher to make a living. Jiang Teng was separated from the troubled times and spent half his life in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. His life course is closely related to his travel, and he devoted his life to completing a collection of poems. Travel poems account for more than 40% in the collection of poems. This is a poem describing the sadness of traveling. The first couplet describes the moon rising from the top of the high rock and the moonlight shining on the earth, which lays a homesick atmosphere and tone for the whole poem. Then, the poem turned to describe a stream of fog in the moonlight. Because the moonlight is as clear and bright as water, the white clouds are cleaner and ethereal. The couplet follows the first couplet closely, and it is written that the water vapor on the stream is as white as a cloud in the moonlight, fluttering in front of the temple. On the surface, this is just a natural phenomenon, and there is no aesthetic feeling at all. But compared with the first couplet, it describes the dynamic beauty of water vapor flowing naturally. Moreover, the white water vapor is ethereal and light, which reminds the author of his wandering life. I can't sleep. I opened the temple gate and stood outside the temple to see the beautiful scenery. The author was deeply moved by the beautiful scenery in front of him and couldn't help feeling pity. This pity implies a deep sense of drift. The poet looks up at the sky, but feels that the frost is heavy and cold, and his heart is inevitably desolate and lonely. ? Frost day? The word "two characters" closely follows the artistic conception and indirectly expresses the lonely and cold state of mind wandering abroad, which can be described as a vivid pen. William spoke frankly and wrote in the form of a question: Who has ever seen a homeless man who is homesick under the moon, sighing in the mountains and staying up alone? Rhetorical questions strengthen the lyrical effect, set off the previous scenery description, and write a highly infectious self-injury situation. The whole poem borrows scenery to express emotion, captures the characteristic scenery to describe the loneliness and desolation of life, and writes sadness with music scenes, seeing more sadness; Laying a scene in the moonlight, there is no place that is not lonely and sad.

In three or four sentences, cigarettes have two characteristics: one is white, and the other is moving.

Read the following song and then answer this question. (College Entrance Examination Shandong Volume 20 12)

Two Poems of Wu Song Road Middle School (Part Two)

The rain rustled in Xiao Lu, and the leaves in Jiangxiang fell.

It's freezing cold, the goose is in a hurry, and the guests are far away at the end of the year.

The bird dodged the sail, but the fish jumped with fright.

What's the point of being alone? Frost moon maple bridge.

Note: Wu Song: Wusong, Ming Jiang.

Please combine the whole poem analysis with the real question presentation? Alone boat? The role of this image. (5 points)

A:

The location of the test center examines the role of appreciating images.

The first step of skill demonstration: judge the image category and summarize the image characteristics. Crossing the river alone in the poem. Step 2: Point out the meaning of the image. ? A boat? It's a traditional image in the journey poem. Is there an expression? Wandering? The role of feeling. Its? Lonely? Words, expressions? Lonely? Meaning. Step 3: Point out the feelings for readers. Reminds people of the scenery on the trip. Step 4: Analyze whether the image has structural function. ? Alone boat? It's the author's place, so every sentence in the poem is there? Alone boat? It's just the need of poetic language expression, which is mostly hidden; So what? Alone boat? It is the clue of the whole poem.

Just before dawn, the ship set sail again, the autumn rain was falling and the wind was rustling; Jiangnan water town is full of flying leaves. It's freezing in late autumn, and I always hear geese in the air, singing hard and rushing, and flying to the south inadvertently; A year is almost over, but the journey is still far away. Waterbirds? Jojo？ Song followed, and sometimes the boat suddenly retreated and the birds hurried away; Fish swim together on both sides of the boat. As soon as the boatmen went ashore together, they shook their oars and the fish dispersed in panic. It's already dark. Where (why) should this lonely ship stop tonight? Looking around, I saw the famous Maple Bridge under a frosty moon.

This poem was written by the poet when he was sailing on the Wusong River. From the poem? It's cold, leaves are flying, geese are calling, and first frost is late. All the words point out that the season is late autumn. The first triple describes the scenery from Panmen to Qiao Feng and the poet's own mood. Just before dawn, the ship set sail again. There was a heavy rain the night before, and autumn rain in the morning, and the wind rustled, and the water town in the south of the Yangtze River was full of konoha leaves. It's cold in late autumn, and I always hear geese in the air, singing hard and rushing, and flying to the south when I'm not careful. The poet couldn't help but lower his head and think about himself again: the geese hurried home so that they could return to the south in an instant, and what about me? A year is almost over, but the journey is still far away. ? In order to get rid of homesickness, the poet looked around the boat. ? The bird dodged the sail, but the fish jumped with fright. ? The poet's observation is from far to near. The birds left in a hurry because of the sudden retreat of the boat, and the fish jumped away because of the shaking of the paddle. When will the poet's wandering journey end? Why are you alone? Frost moon maple bridge. ? The solitary boat is an image that carries what the author has seen and heard, and it is the clue of the whole poem. Where are you going to stay tonight? Of course, the best place is Fengqiao, where Zhang Ji once stayed and left a famous poem.

The solitary boat is connected with images such as geese, birds, fish, frost moon and maple bridge, which runs through what you saw, heard and thought during the voyage and is the clue of the whole poem; The author loves the scenery and expresses his feelings of wandering, homesickness and loneliness.