What are the two major philosophical thoughts in Europe?

Rationalism: Also called rationalism. It denies that rational knowledge depends on perceptual experience, and believes that understanding the essence of things is the result of reasoning based on natural concepts or natural thinking forms. Descartes is the representative of modern rationalism. He put forward the theory of "natural idea" and the proposition of "I think, therefore I am", holding that all true knowledge is derived from simple and self-evident ideas. Rational knowledge is reliable, and feelings can deceive us, but not reliable. Spinoza not only affirmed that human understanding is an independent and objective material century, but also a materialist; He also believes that rational knowledge is not obtained from sensibility, but from rational intuition and reasoning. At this point, he violated the basic viewpoint of materialism and fell into idealism.