Genealogy and family knowledge

1. What are the basic contents of genealogy?

Compilation format of standard genealogy

A complete style of genealogy should have the following 24 items:

1. spectral name. Generally called genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy.

2. Music sequence. A slightly larger genealogy must have a preface ranging from one to dozens at the beginning, which is one of the essential contents of every genealogy. The order of genealogy includes new order, old order, stranger order, postscript, catalogue, engraving name and other descriptions about the family.

3. Spectrum example. Also known as ordinary cases, it mainly expounds the principles and styles of genealogy compilation.

4. Spectrum theory. Many genealogies have devoted a chapter to genealogy, collected chapters and related expositions on genealogy, genealogy and genealogy of ancient books, and invented and expounded the functions, functions, significance, history, principles and methods of genealogy, which are valuable materials for studying genealogy.

5. Rong Rong recorded. The main contents are imperial edicts, imperial edicts, characters, plaques, poems, couplets, imperial inscriptions, and words given by local officials to family officials and their genealogy, in order to show off the emperor's awards and praises to the family and its members and reflect the family's status and identity.

6. Portraits and compliments. The image data of common ancestors, sages and important family figures are portraits on the front and praises on the back.

7. The origin of surnames. China's genealogy has always had the tradition of "narrating the origin, narrating the beginning and sealing". Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most genealogies have a chapter on the origin of surnames, or surnames, or clans. It is mainly used to describe the origin of surnames, the historical origin of nations, ancestors, clans, migration, the relationship between tribes, and even the reasons for changing surnames.

8. Family rules. It is a clan law formulated by clan members to restrain and educate people, and it is an important part of genealogy. Its names are different and there are many kinds, such as family rules, family contracts, family precepts, family laws, family gifts, family laws, family precepts, family laws, family contracts, temple fairs, temple fairs, norms, rules, rules, commandments and so on.

9. Ancestral Temple. Record the clan history and the construction of family ancestral temple, introduce the building scale and geographical location of the ancestral hall, collect inscriptions, poems, couplets, plaques, pictures and names of donors, and record the times, distribution, attachment and sacrifice of the gods in the ancestral hall.

10. Five service drawings. Also called service graph. The so-called "five clothes" refers to the five colors of clothes in the ancient funeral system, namely, cutting down, Cui Zi, making meritorious service, making meritorious service and removing hemp.

2. Introduction of China's genealogy knowledge.

First, genealogy, also known as genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, etc. , is a historical atlas centered on recording the lineage and characters of the paternal family.

Shi Ben is an important historical book in the pre-Qin period and the pioneering work of China's genealogy. Its content is the records of emperors, princes and ministers from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period, and its function is to respect lineage, distinguish acres, and distinguish the noble and the humble. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, clan forces prevailed, and genealogy became an important tool for clan forces to maintain their political and economic privileges.

Second, the ancient patriarchal clan system stipulated that the lineal inheritance system of the same ancestor was large, and other sons were illegitimate children. The illegitimate child system belongs to a small clan, which only inherits its father. Therefore, it is called Xiaozong, and Xiaozong has more than five generations, that is, there is no mourning clause. With the passage of generations, a clan can still be recognized within the blood group by respecting the majority without causing confusion.

The above-mentioned principle of taking the family as the center and distinguishing between relatives and friends according to the distance of blood is called patriarchal clan system. The patriarchal clan system was extremely perfect in the Zhou Dynasty, and later generations either respected Dafa or respected Xiaofa, all of which were modified.

Thirdly, living together by clan ceremony is a common form of living in ancient China. The clan rituals that people often observe include: offering sacrifices, getting married, getting married, having children, changing their names, studying abroad, returning home, etc., and asking the ancestral hall if something happens. In case of good or bad events within the clan, Zongzi should lead all adult male clansmen to report to the temple to offer sacrifices to their ancestors.

After the sacrifice, the family will eat. Four. Yitian refers to the land used by Zongshuiwaterlogging to help poor T-shirt families and reward chastity and righteousness. It was founded by Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Most of Yitian was donated by clan dignitaries. Generally, it is managed by special personnel to prevent people from invading fishing. Moreover, it is not allowed to sell, and the land ownership is relatively stable, which can alleviate the living difficulties of the people to a certain extent. Considering the great role of Eternal Companion, in order to protect clan property, the Qing regime paid tribute to hell to pay, an unfilial descendant who stole Eternal Companion.

5. Family taboos are taboos within the family or family, also known as "private taboos", as opposed to "national taboos". The ancients thought it was disrespectful to call elders by their first names, so the younger generation should avoid using the names of their ancestors, fathers and other elders when using words in their daily lives.

Six, within the clan of generations, genealogy is used to specify the generation of characters, so as to make people's generations public. When naming people (especially men), the names must contain words such as genealogy and seniority, and put them in the middle of the names, commonly known as word generation, as a symbol of the relationship between people, to prevent the confusion of interpersonal relationships within people.

Vii. Honoring Zhao's mother is a symbolic system for generations to adapt to the existence of clan organizations under the premise of establishing the eldest son inheritance system in the Zhou Dynasty. It flourished in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and later generations only used Zhao Mu to express intergenerational relations such as father and son. The system of determining ancestral temples and tombs is that ancestors live in the middle, father Mu, father Zhao, left Zhao and right Mu, etc., so as to clarify the generation division in ritual activities such as sacrifice, funeral, inheritance and knighthood, and prevent the disorder of generations within the clan.

Eight, Nine Clans is a statement that summarizes the clan relationship in the pre-Qin period, with the Western Zhou Dynasty as the most typical example, which can be found in Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong Six Years: "Kissing Nine Clans". Yao Dian of Shangshu: "Be clear about your virtue, be close to nine families, be harmonious with nine families, and be peaceful with the people."

The ancients had two completely different explanations for the range of relatives included in the Nine Clans. One is that the nine clans are all paternal, that is, the nine clans from grandfather's uncle, great grandfather, father, deceased, son, grandson, great-grandson and great-grandson. Secondly, it is considered that the nine clans also include relatives with different surnames and different clothes, referring to the four clans of father, three clans of mother and two clans of wife.

Nine, six relatives are six generations of people. In ancient times, there was clan affection to the sixth generation of folk customs.

In the sixth generation, that is, outside the five clothes, there is no blood relationship. After the Song Dynasty, the clan system characterized by clan rules, righteous fields and family training began to prevail, and the clan affection was infinitely extended, which stimulated people's thinking about woody water sources. However, they still paid attention to the system of six relatives, but they could maintain a more talked-about clan affection with people other than six relatives.

Nine, genealogy has its own words, that is, people with early records. From simple scattered records to coherent genealogical records, from lineage division to integration into the whole clan lineage system, after thousands of years of development, it has been continuously enriched and improved, resulting in a monograph on people's record of their own life lineage and blood relationship, which is genealogy.

Xi。 The so-called spectral method is a method of compiling genealogy according to certain rules, systems and styles. The key point of this method is how to record the lineage of the people and related matters completely, accurately, clearly and orderly.

Twelve, cladistic spectrum, as the name implies, is a branch other than the main branch, which means that many descendants belonging to the same ancestor, and then each has its own lineage. The so-called genealogy, knowing one's pedigree clearly, is a unique branch limited to this ancestor.

Thirteen, the family hitchhiking, the original intention is to record private things. Luo Dajing's "He Lu" contains: "Gu made a daily record in his later years, which was called' home riding'. "

Family rides belong to the category of genealogy, so a few genealogies also use family rides. Family amusement facilities are copied from Shicheng.

Crown users don't ride many times.

3. What do a complete family tree have in common?

First, the spectrum name

The most important genealogical names are genealogy and surname, that is, the genealogy of any family in any place. Why do you write it like this? More accurately reflect the information reflected by genealogy as a "history book", otherwise, the editor will know at that time, who and where to turn it after a few years? There is no way to check it, which brings great difficulties to future generations to find their roots.

Second, I like praise.

People's praise can be expressed in various ways, either by their ancestors, such as the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, or by their close relatives, or by their ancestors who moved, or by extraordinary people and talents in the family from ancient times to the present. To show that future generations will strive for strength.

Third, the music sequence.

A slightly larger genealogy must have a preface ranging from one to dozens at the beginning, which is one of the essential contents of every genealogy. The order of genealogy includes new order, old order, stranger order, postscript, catalogue, engraving name and other descriptions about the family.

Four. content

Retrieve summaries of all genealogies.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) spectral theory

Genealogy theory, that is, genealogy theory, since Sima Qian, famous people in past dynasties, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Zhu, Wang Yangming and so on. For example, Zhang Xuecheng's "Literature and History" said: "There is a spectrum, a state-owned history, and its meaning is also." "And there is a history of the world, a history of a country, a history of a family and a history of a person. Biography and narrative, a person's history; Genealogy, the history of a family; County annals, the history of a country; The history of the world is also the history of the world.

Six, each example

Every example, that is, the principle of genealogy compilation, stipulates, for example, who can enter the genealogy and who can't, the arrangement of people's order, how to write what content and so on. That is to say, what is in the genealogy. This shows the editor's subjective attitude. For example, the genealogy of the Ming Dynasty clearly states that women belong to the genealogy: the husband follows the original match, and the next match: the next match, the side room, the concubine and the wife.

Seven, family training

Don't get me wrong, "family training" is not the content of genealogy. In order to highlight the content of family instruction, a picture is made here. China is the social structure of the family, famous families are a major feature, and family trainers have played a very important educational role.

Eight, bloodline

Genealogy is the core part of genealogy. From the first generation of the family, birth, illness, death, marriage and tombs were recorded. Anyone here? Be clear at a glance.

Nine. biography

Biography, not everyone has it, is a concrete description of outstanding figures and meritorious persons in the family, reflecting the excellent qualities of these figures and setting an example for the younger generation. It can be divided into internal transmission. Pass, pass within five clothes, pass outside five clothes. There are biographies, such as domestic servants and virtuous wives among 234 wives, which can be biographies, which are no longer suitable for today.

X. spectral postscript

The above picture shows the postscript of Mei Zengliang's genealogy. He boasted that "Zhiyan" protected Xuanzhou with rural soldiers, and then explained the distribution and relocation of his family. So the postscript is to express the feelings, experiences, processes and so on after making a genealogy.

XI。 Collar font size

Family tribes are numerous and widely distributed, and they must be verified by a font size, just like sitting in the right position. Genealogy generally includes the above contents, in addition to which there are more important ones, including ancestral halls, seals, arts, contracts and some charts, which can be determined according to the original genealogy. If there is no original music, you must create new music without interrupting history, and then determine the content according to your personal situation.

4. Genealogy International: What knowledge does genealogy need?

Genealogy is the development history of a family. To grow and develop, a family needs not only rich material conditions, but also spiritual conditions sufficient to "strengthen the family", and the formation of a good family style is one of the foundations and contents of this spiritual condition.

Family rules, family precepts and family precepts preserved in the genealogy discuss the construction of family environment and family atmosphere with a positive attitude of life value and social value from the beginning. In family rules and family instructions, ethics as its theoretical basis occupies a core position, and the contents of the three cardinal guides and five permanents, filial piety and faith account for more than half of the total content. In addition to the above contents, family rules and family precepts in genealogy include harmony with family, harmony with relatives and friends, sympathy for the lonely and poor, gambling, extravagance, laziness and abstinence. It regulates the behavior and manners of family members, which is also a useful component that we can learn from today.

Another practical significance of genealogy research is to meet the needs of Chinese at home and abroad to "seek roots and worship ancestors" through genealogy research. "The tree attracts the wind, and the leaves fall to the roots". Overseas Chinese are ecstatic to see the prosperity of their motherland. They have returned to China to seek their roots, visited relatives and friends, generously donated money and devoted themselves to the economic construction of their hometown. As a total record of a family's blood relationship, genealogy closely links overseas Chinese with their relatives in the motherland.

The significance of studying genealogy lies in constructing a new genealogy that can meet the needs of the new socialist era by analyzing the content, style and structure of China's traditional genealogy. According to the needs of modern families and the development of modern society, a new genealogy or family file should be compiled, which has the functions of "strengthening the family" and "uniting blood relatives" of traditional genealogy. The compilation method not only inherits some excellent elements in the traditional genealogy, but also creates content that meets the needs of modern times. Small families are safe and the country is strong.

Of course, the practical significance of genealogy research does not stop there. With the deepening of research, genealogy, a rich treasure house of information, will provide us with many new and other materials, and genealogy, an ancient and young subject, will continue to develop and mature.

5. What are the contents of genealogy?

The main contents of genealogy: the origin and lineage of surnames.

First, the origin of surnames Chinese surnames have been constantly evolving in history, such as war, migration, regime change, surname taboo change, refuge change, and the change of multiple surnames to single surnames. And surnames have become more complicated, so it is more necessary to make a detailed textual research on their true origins and sources. Some historians believe that dynasty changes and social unrest in history led to the fracture and incompleteness of genealogy, and many genealogies were fabricated by future generations by imagination.

In feudal times, many surnames were used to being associated with celebrities in order to raise family background and county prestige, or traced back to an emperor as an ancestor, which affected the purity and certainty of blood relationship. Many families are rebuilding their genealogy because of the differences in language, customs and looks between the north and the south. Their lineages are linked together, so the authenticity of their paper genealogy deserves scrutiny.

Second, the genealogy table is the most important content in the genealogy. In short, a "lineage table" is a chart that shows the relationship between family members, such as father and son and brother, and clearly writes down the names of each family member of ancestors and descendants. It has four basic narrative formats: European, Soviet, pagoda and overlapping.

(1) European style: Also known as horizontal style, it was founded by Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. The characteristics of European style are: generation by generation, running from right to left, five generations and one watch, which is very convenient to use.

In the case of European style, there is a life story on the left side of each generation's name, introducing this person's word, number, fame, official rank, date of birth, spouse, burial place, achievements and so on. (2) Su-style: also called Didi-style, which was created by Su Xun, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The characteristics of the Soviet-style lineage table are: generations are vertical, there is no horizontal line connection between generations, all of them are connected by vertical lines, and the chart format is also arranged from right to left, which mainly emphasizes patriarchal relations. (3) Pagoda style: As the name implies, the names of generations are arranged from top to bottom like pagodas.

Pagoda type adopts the connection mode of horizontal line and vertical line, and the vertical line is always in the middle of the horizontal line. For a large family with many people, because people's names can't be arranged on the same page, the relationship between brothers is unclear, which will bring a lot of inconvenience to writing and reading music. (4) Diary annotation: No horizontal or vertical lines are used to connect pronouns, only words are used to express this relationship.

Everyone's name has a brief introduction, such as: word, number, fame, rank, date of birth, burial place, merit and so on. The genealogy forms are fixed, the order is clear, and the paper is saved.

Extended data genealogy is the historical record of a family. Through genealogy, we can understand the historical outlook, spirit of the times and social fashion at that time, and understand people's production and life under that historical background. Legend has it that it evolved from the biographies of emperors, princes and chronicles in the official history.

Genealogy is as important as official history and local chronicles, and it is one of the important components of historiography. China's genealogy generally has family rules and family instructions, which are of positive significance for regulating life and educating children.

Genealogy, also known as genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, etc., has different names, the same connotation, but different extensions. Now it is generally called genealogy or genealogy. Genealogy is a historical picture book that systematically records the lineage characters or concurrency of a blood ancestor.

Surname is a symbol of "consanguineous group", and genealogy is a map that records the blood relationship between family members of a surname. Baidu Encyclopedia-Genealogy (Humanities Data).

6. What is recorded in the genealogy?

Genealogy is also called genealogy, family riding, genealogy and so on.

A special book that records the reproduction of a family lineage and the deeds of important people in the form of genealogy. Genealogy is a unique cultural heritage in China, which has a long history among Han people and later in ethnic integration.

Genealogy began to appear in all ethnic groups. Genealogy is one of the three major documents of the Chinese nation (national history, geography and genealogy), and it is a precious humanistic material, which plays an irreplaceable and unique role in the in-depth study of history, folklore, demography, sociology and economics.

In the movement of breaking the four old traditions in China in the1960s, genealogy was eliminated as the four old traditions, and thousands of genealogies were destroyed. Therefore, many people in China had to destroy the genealogy that their families had collected for generations, which caused irreparable losses to the study of human history in China. [Edit this paragraph] Although there are different opinions on the origin of genealogy in academic circles at present, judging from the unearthed early China characters such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and historical documents, the origin of genealogy can be traced back to at least the pre-Qin period.

In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a genealogical system compiled by historians, and a book named Shi Ben Xi Di Pian was written. Although Shiben in the pre-Qin period has long been lost, this edition was compiled by Qing Dynasty, but from the contents of compilation, it can be seen that Shiben brings together the genealogy of emperors, princes and doctors from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period in China, and it is a national genealogy that comprehensively summarizes the genealogy of the previous generation and contemporary blood clan.

The origin of genealogy has an important relationship with the aristocratic gate system. Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, genealogy has flourished, and some gentry officials boast of each other.

The genealogy acquired in Sui and Tang Dynasties and before has long since disappeared, and the genealogy in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties is even rarer. What we can see now is mainly the genealogy of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

There are many names of genealogy, which were generally called genealogy and genealogy before the Tang Dynasty and genealogy or genealogy in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, especially after the Qing dynasty, there were many names, including genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, family travel, genealogy, genealogy and so on.

[Edit this paragraph] There are many forms of genealogy. Before written genealogy appeared, there were oral genealogy and knot genealogy.

Later, some people mounted charts and hung them in nave, and some people bound them into books for their families to read. Historically, official families generally used a bound genealogy.

Ordinary people, business gentry and wealthy families hang charts and genealogies for future generations to worship. [Edit this paragraph] The content and function of genealogy The ancient genealogy was only available to kings, princes and nobles. The function of genealogy is only the proof of bloodline, which is used to attack nobles and inherit property. Its content is relatively simple, just a description of bloodline.

After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the selection of officials, marriage and even social interaction all depended on family status. In this way, the role of genealogy in political life, economic life and social life has been greatly enhanced, and the contents of genealogy have also increased than before. In the Song Dynasty, the traditional prohibition of official genealogy was broken, and folk genealogy became more prosperous. At this time, genealogy basically no longer plays a role in political life, and its role shifts to respecting ancestors, worshipping sects and worshipping eyes.

Genealogy is often revised repeatedly, and each revision becomes a major event between the same surname and family. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the revised structure of genealogy had been basically finalized, and the genealogy that has been passed down to this day is also extremely rich.

The contents of genealogy mainly include three parts: the first part is a genealogical map, that is, a person's lineage, which generation he belongs to and who his father is; The second part is the genealogical text, which is arranged according to the order of each person listed in the genealogical chart, and introduces each person's name, father taboo, line number, age, official position, title, year of death, year of death, posthumous title, marriage and so on. These introductory words, the old man has more than 50 words, and only two or three words are short, which is actually a biography; The third part is the appendix.

Some genealogies, when they are established, determine the order of generations named after the family lineage, and mark the font size in advance, so that the generations will be clear. The name of the country is "seniority", which is actually seniority. Due to the patriarchal ideology formed in history, when a man names, he must use a predetermined word as part of his name.

This word should be placed in the middle or at the end of the full name. Each generation may not be exactly the same level, but there are established rules. [Edit this paragraph] The history and present situation of genealogy research 1. Genealogy is a historical document whose main content is to record the lineage and deeds of a blood clan.

There are different opinions about the origin of genealogy in academic circles at present. From the textual research of China's early characters and historical documents such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions and inscriptions, the origin of genealogy can be traced back to at least the pre-Qin period. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a genealogical system compiled by historians, and a book named Shi Ben Xi Di Pian was written.

Although Shiben in the pre-Qin period has long since died out, this edition was compiled by Qing people. However, as can be seen from the contents of compilation, Shiben collected the genealogies of emperors, governors and doctors in China from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period. It is a national genealogy that comprehensively summarizes the previous and contemporary blood group lineages. The significance of history books is to confirm the origin of genealogy research. As far as the form of genealogy is concerned, the ancient genealogy before Tang Dynasty is different from the existing genealogy of Ming and Qing Dynasties characterized by the creation and editing styles of Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun. However, genealogy, as an endless symbol of human history, has attracted the attention of scholars of all ages. The reason is not only the purpose of tracing back to the source, but also the understanding of the important value of genealogy.

Zhang Xuecheng, a historian in the Qing Dynasty, once said that "the husband's family has a genealogy, the state-owned ambition and the state-owned history are synonymous". Obviously, it is very important to compare genealogy with national history and local chronicles. The content of ancient genealogy research mainly lies in the genealogy itself, including the writing of genealogy cases and the study of genealogy development history.

The applied research of genealogy began in Han Dynasty. The records of emperors' genealogy in Historical Records show that Sima Qian of Han Dynasty has applied genealogical data to the writing of history books in the field of history. Historians of later generations inherited this tradition, and later generations compiled chronicles, such as Han Shu by Ban Gu and Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou.

They all used genealogical data to varying degrees.

The application of genealogical data in ancient China mainly reflected the historical value of genealogy in the writing process of history books, local chronicles and biographies. Second, in the 1920s, with the development of new fields of social sciences, some scholars started from demography and eugenics.

7. Genealogy of hundreds of surnames

Surname, unified ancestral home; People who belong to the family should not be divided by future generations.

"A Brief Introduction to Tongzhi Clans" said: Before the three generations (Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties), surnames were divided into two, with men taking surnames and women (women) taking surnames. So, don't be high or low. Noble people have surnames, while bitches have no surnames.

Surnames are so different from marriage that there is a difference between sharing surnames and sharing surnames. If the surnames are different, the marriage can be passed; People with different surnames cannot get married.

After three generations, the surnames became one, and they did not intermarry, depending on the nobility. Note: "Noble people have surnames": the son of heaven, Jiande, was born in the land where the surname was given (the ground cracked and sealed). If a husband keeps his surname and his family, the world will never stop worshipping, and there will be no country.

Zhang is one of the most popular surnames in China, with a population of nearly 100 million, which is spread all over the country and even the world. Where is Zhang Zugen? Some say Qinghe in Hebei, some say Taiyuan in Shanxi, and some say Puyang in Henan.

In order to find out this problem, the association invited famous experts and scholars from inside and outside the province to hold two academic seminars on the origin of Zhang's surname, conducted on-the-spot investigations, mastered a lot of historical facts, and confirmed that the ancestor of Zhang's surname in China was a Chinese worker. Huigong's surname is Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan), which is the earliest ancestral home of Zhang's ancestors. Zhang's surname originated in Puyang, and other places can only be Xizhi.

I. Historical Records and Genealogy According to the records of Mr. Zhang's ancestors, there are as many as 17 kinds of books. "Poetry" Day: "Wave like a bow and seek enemies."

This is the earliest record of waving. Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "The Yellow Emperor lived in the hill of Xuanyuan and married the daughter of Xiling as Leizu.

Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two sons. After the world: one day for Qingyang, Qingyang settled in the river; The second day is prosperous, like water flowing. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan and the servant of Richang, and gave birth to Levin, who was virtuous.

When the Yellow Emperor collapsed, Levin, the son of Qiao Shan Sun Changyi, was buried by Emperor Zhuan Xu. "The Tang Dynasty's Collection of Yuanhe Surnames says: Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Dang, aiming to bow and watch the arc stars, and later made bows and arrows to worship the arc stars, because of his surname Zhang."

Song Ouyang Xiu's "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Minister's Lineage Table" day: "Zhang surnamed Ji, the fifth son of Qingyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, waved his bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang's genealogy was rebuilt: "Zhang came from Xuanyuan, Huangdi, and was born in Wu Jintian, also known as Qingyang. Wuzi waved his bow and arrow, and went to Gong Zheng to worship the arc star. The world is in charge, giving the surname Zhang. "

As can be seen from the above documents, "Hua" is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, which is undoubtedly true in other historical books, but the Tongzhi written in the Song Dynasty thinks that Xie Zhang is the ancestor of Zhang's surname. However, Yao is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor or the son of the Yellow Emperor; Swing is the son of Qingyang family of Xuantao or Qingyang family of Shao Hao, but there are differences.

We believe that Hua is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang. There are two reasons: ① The date of Mandarin: "There are 25 cases of Huangdi Zi, among which 14 cases have surnames, which are twelve surnames, namely, Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Gu, Yi and Yi.

"(both are surnamed Ji, and both are their own surnames). Records of the Five Emperors are recorded in Historical Records, Notes, Shiben and Li Ji from generation to generation.

Among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, there is no Zhang surname, indicating that Zhang surname is not given by the Yellow Emperor, nor is it the son of the Yellow Emperor, but the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and he is an uncle and a contemporary with Emperor Zhuan Xu. (2) A famous contemporary ethnologist, Mr. He Guangyue, verified that Jintian, Shao Hao, was born in Dongyi and was not descended from Qingyang, the Yellow Emperor. It also ruled out that Shao Hao was the son of the Yellow Emperor, and it was more credible to be the son of Qingyang.

However, the question of "son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor" has been debated for thousands of years in history, and each has its own important literature basis; It is normal that the history books of later generations are inconsistent and controversial, because he lived in the era of ancient legends. Therefore, our attitude is: the two views should respect each other, tolerate each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, and no one can force anyone to change the genealogy.

We believe that with the passage of time and the in-depth study of surname culture, the understanding will gradually be unified. Second, look at the reason why Xuantao got its name Qingyang? This is related to its fiefs.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "South Mountain and North Water are Yang". Qingyang, that is, the sun of clear water (shared by Qing and ancient times), and the ancient Qinghe River flows through Puyang.

"Reading Historical Records" Day: "Qishui passes through Neihuang County, and Baigou in the south is also Yangjiang." Another day: "Qi Shui ... crossed the Yellow River, crossed Qingfeng and entered the river, so it was blasphemous."

"Pre-Han Geography" Day: "Qinghe goes out of Neihuang County." The above quotation shows that Guqinghe, Qihe and Baigou are different names of the same river.

"The Book of Songs Feng Wei Mang" article: "Mang cockroaches, embrace cloth trade silk. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me.

As for Dunqiu, "gas-related" means "gas-related water" and "gas-related water" means "ancient Qinghe"; "Dunqiu" is an ancient city name, located in Puyang City and the west of Xun County. This ancient poem also shows that there is an ancient Qinghe River near Diqiu.

Today, the villagers in Zhangyi Village, Banjia Village and Diandang Village in Puyang City still refer to the north of the village as the North Qinghe and the south as the South Qinghe. Zhangyicun is the hometown of Zhang Yi, a strategist in the Warring States Period. Up to now, there is still a "Zhangyi Temple Site" in the village.

There are eight surnames in this village, including Zhang, Yin and Li. Only Zhang is an old resident, and the others are immigrants. According to the "Li's Genealogy" revised in the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, "Li went out of Longxi and spread all over the world. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, he moved from Hongdong to Wangjiazhuang in the north of Kaizhou and from Wangjiazhuang to Zhangyi Village in Qingyi. "

Yin's Genealogy continued in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and recorded: "Yin, a native of Hongdong, Shanxi Province, moved to Qingyi Village during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty." Why is this place called "Qingyi"? It must be related to the ancient Qinghe River flowing through here, which is probably the "Qingyang" of Xuantao's fief.

"Qingyi" still exists in the Ming Dynasty, but it is no longer there today. According to the famous historian Mr. Zhu Shaohou, "Diqiu (now Puyang) was the transition area between Dongyi and Huangdi in ancient times.

Therefore, the Yellow Emperor had to consolidate his tomb, so he sealed his son Xiao Xuan in Qingyang. "So Zhang's ancestors waved their hands, lived in his father's fief in the upper reaches of the ancient Qinghe River since childhood, and later assisted Emperor Zhuan Xu in Diqiu.

Because he wielded a very clever and heroic weapon, he watched the arc stars at night, bent branches and made bows and arrows, which greatly improved the fighting capacity of the Zhuan Xu tribe. Bows and arrows are used for hunting, and the number of birds and animals hunted is unprecedented, which improves the living standard of the tribe; Used in the war, defeated the * * * workers' tribe contending with Zhuan Xu for the emperor.