What are the five methods of psychoanalysis?

What are the five methods of psychoanalysis?

What are the five methods of psychoanalysis? The times are changing, and people's life pressure is increasing, which will inevitably lead to psychological problems. The three schools of psychology are psychoanalysis, behavioral psychology and humanistic psychology. Let me introduce five methods of psychoanalysis.

What are the five methods of psychoanalysis 1? 1. Analytical psychotherapy is to explore or expose some kind of mental trauma or painful experience repressed in the subconscious through free association, mental catharsis and inner analysis and explanation, so as to find the root of anxiety, inspire and help patients to know themselves thoroughly, so as to change the original pathological behavior pattern, rebuild their personality and achieve the purpose of treatment.

2. Hint therapy is a special way to influence patients' psychological activities through suggestion. Hint is a phenomenon in which a person uncritically accepts other people's language or other stimuli, resulting in specific perceptions, beliefs, feelings and behaviors. His behavior motivation is not produced by his own views and beliefs, but the result of the influence of others, with various hints, such as language, speech, expression, gestures, role models and so on.

Third, behavioral therapy aims at correcting bad behavior patterns. The trend of treatment is explicit behavior. The main way is to control the external behavior pattern, and then rebuild and restore the good behavior pattern.

Fourth, support therapy, using persuasion, inspiration, encouragement, sympathy, support, persuasion and other ways to help and guide children to analyze and understand the problems they face.

What are the five methods of psychoanalysis? 2 1. Psychoanalytic therapy.

Psychoanalysis therapy, also called psychoanalysis therapy in China, is a kind of psychotherapy that discovers the psychological complex of patients' subconscious in conversation, leads the subconscious emotions to the level of consciousness, and makes patients pay attention to it, thus correcting symptoms. Specific methods include free association, dream interpretation, empathy and so on.

This method later spawned many schools and created many new methods. Among them, Jung and Adler are the most influential representatives, and they are called new psychoanalytic methods, which are also collectively called psychodynamic methods. The theoretical basis of psychoanalytic therapy is psychoanalytic theory founded by Freud, a famous Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist.

Main indications: various neurosis, such as hysteria and obsessive-compulsive disorder; Various serious psychological setbacks, such as interpersonal barriers or various sexual psychological barriers; Teenagers with immature personality, people without introspection ability and severe mental patients such as schizophrenia are not suitable for psychoanalysis.

2. Behavioral therapy

Behavioral therapy aims to treat patients' psychological problems by correcting their bad behaviors. This method specifically includes: systematic desensitization therapy (the treatment process is orderly and continuous treatment to eliminate or alleviate symptoms), submergence therapy (making patients immediately contact with strong stimuli or events for them), and aversion therapy (establishing aversion to bad behavior through chemical or physical torture).

Behavioral therapy is highly targeted and mainly used to treat psychological diseases such as phobia, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexual dysfunction.

3. Cognitive therapy

Cognitive therapy is a method of psychotherapy by changing patients' cognition. Cognitive therapy believes that emotional disorders and behavioral disorders are closely related to distorted cognition of disorder. Therefore, in order to overcome emotional and behavioral barriers, we must find out the distorted cognition in patients' minds and adjust it to adapt to reality, so as to eliminate emotional and behavioral barriers.

Indications: mainly neurosis such as anxiety disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive neurosis, as well as some personality disorders, psychosexual disorders and psychosomatic diseases.

Operating steps: first, let patients understand that cognitive disorder will lead to emotional and behavioral disorders; Secondly, discover the bad cognition that leads to bad behavior and point out its irrationality; Finally, help and urge them to change their cognition of maladjustment, establish correct concepts, and produce good emotions and adaptive behaviors.

4. Biofeedback therapy

Biofeedback therapy refers to the processing of bioelectrical signals in various parts of the human body, such as skin temperature, blood pressure, EEG heart rate and so on, with modern electronic equipment as the main means. , and through images, sounds, etc. , so that patients can clearly understand their physical condition; And under the guidance of the therapist's language, he uses his own thoughts to adjust his psychological and physiological activity mechanism. Biofeedback therapy can not only treat various psychological diseases, but also treat physiological diseases.

Indications: It is mainly used to treat various physical and mental diseases, such as diabetes, migraine, ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, climacteric syndrome and insomnia. Biofeedback therapy is becoming more and more popular because it has no side effects on patients' body and mind.

5. Morita therapy

Morita therapy is a kind of psychotherapy founded by Japanese psychiatrist Morita Shoma in the 1920s, which combines some main methods of treating neurosis at that time, such as isolation therapy, reasoning therapy, occupational therapy and life therapy. Its basic point is "let nature take its course and make a difference".

The main indications are neurosis, especially anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, hypochondria, depressive neurosis and neurasthenia.

Because Morita's theory has the characteristics of oriental culture, it is more suitable for China people who belong to the same oriental culture, and it has been rapidly popularized in China.

Surgical methods: divided into outpatient treatment and hospitalization. Outpatient treatment mainly helps patients understand and correct their unsuitable cognition and behavior through Morita's mottos such as "let nature take its course", "from now on" and "focus on action", and encourages patients to do what they should do until they can live and act like normal people, and their social functions are completely restored.

Hospitalization is generally suitable for patients with severe neurosis. The treatment is divided into four stages: absolute bed rest, mild activity, severe activity and life training.

6. Hint therapy

Hint therapy is a psychotherapy method to treat patients' diseases through speech, body language and drugs. Under the guidance of doctors, this therapy makes patients full of confidence in their own disease treatment; Relieve the pressure of the disease, so as to achieve the purpose of treating the disease. What needs to be reminded here is that the drugs used in suggestion therapy are not drugs with special efficacy, but just some ordinary nutritional drugs, because the doctor's suggestion has magical effect in the eyes of patients.

Specific methods: divergent thinking, rather than one-sided view of the problem. If we regard temporary difficulties as life's tempering of ourselves, we will be more mature after these setbacks, so that people will face difficulties positively and optimistically and become happy. The therapist's positive suggestion to the patient is helpful to the treatment; Through self-suggestion, patients slowly correct abnormal psychology and restore mental health.

7, catharsis therapy

In real life, people are inevitably troubled by all kinds of troubles and have bad emotions. If this kind of bad mood is suppressed for a long time and cannot be vented, it will affect physical and mental health and even normal work and study. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable way to vent bad emotions.

Specific methods:

speak Conversation is a common way for people to vent their dissatisfaction. This method is often used in psychology to treat mental patients. Once you have dissatisfaction, don't suppress it, find your friends, relatives and doctors. Even if you can't solve any problems, pour out your bad feelings and the sense of oppression will be released. In addition, tell your bad mood to the tape recorder and play it back. Less than three times, your bad mood will be swept away.

Exercise. This refers to venting one's bad emotions through exercise.

Cry. Crying is not only the reappearance of people's inner feelings, but also the venting of people's grief. When people cry, sadness and pain also flow away with tears. This method seems to be a patent for women, but as the song goes-"It is not a crime for a man to cry", what is wrong with a male friend crying when he is sad about his mental health?

Travel outside. Beautiful scenery can make people forget their troubles and blend in. All the sadness and depression are drifting with the wind. So, if you are tired and bored, you might as well take a rest and walk into the embrace of nature.

8. Rational Emotional Therapy

Rational emotional therapy is a psychotherapy that uses rationality to control irrationality and replaces irrational thinking with rational thinking, thus helping patients overcome emotional and behavioral obstacles. Rational emotional therapy is to add cognitive factors to behavioral therapy, so it is also called cognitive behavioral therapy.

Its theoretical basis is the "ABC theory" of American psychologist Ellis, and its overall treatment mode is "ABCDE" (a = external excitation event; B= personal cognitive beliefs generated by different evaluations; The emotional response and behavior result caused by C=A; D= debate, that is, debate with wrong idea b; E= effect, that is, let patients learn reasonable ways of thinking and concepts in the process of arguing with unreasonable concepts).

This therapy is suitable for depression, anxiety, hostility and other emotional disorders and personality disorders, as well as interpersonal disorders, family and marriage disorders.

9. Hypnosis therapy

Hypnotherapy refers to the use of hypnosis technology to make patients in a hypnotic state, so that they can be easily hinted by patients, and express their psychological contradictions and inner confusion, so that doctors can find out the root causes of psychological problems through hints and help patients solve psychological problems.

Hypnotherapy can be used to treat a variety of psychological diseases, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, acute mental stimulation, phobia and so on.

Specific methods: The common hypnosis method is to let the patient stare at a round object for a long time, and then put the patient into hypnosis through simple sound stimulation and language guidance of the therapist; After the patient's psychoanalysis enters the eye-urging state, the therapist gives the patient language hints and gives relevant psychotherapy.

10, desensitization therapy

Desensitization therapy is a psychotherapy method to train people's psychological endurance. It provides patients with stimuli from childhood to cognitive therapy and from light to heavy, and slowly exercises their psychological ability to bear music therapy and washing, so that patients can get rid of excessive sensitivity to this stimulus.

Desensitization therapy is mainly used to treat patients with fear and behavioral therapy anxiety.

There are two specific methods. One is time desensitization therapy, which records the psychological state of fear or nervousness desensitization to something in chronological order and analyzes the psychological feelings at different times to alleviate one's nervousness and fear. The second is spatial desensitization, that is, to exercise one's psychological endurance by gradually strengthening the intensity of stimulation.

1 1, music therapy

Music therapy refers to the method of psychotherapy by letting patients enjoy music. This treatment method takes music as the main treatment method, which is closer to people's lives and convenient to operate. Not only can it be used by professional therapists, but everyone can regard it as a daily mental health care method.

Specific methods: the choice of music can be instrumental music, sung songs, sounds of nature, baby's laughter, children's innocent words and so on.

Application details: In a quiet and elegant environment, the light is soft, the environment is comfortable and the atmosphere is harmonious. For example, bedrooms, shade trees and gardens are all good places for music therapy. Different mental diseases need different music, such as manic patients need to choose some slow-paced music for treatment, depressed patients need to listen to cheerful and beautiful music, anxiety patients need to choose beautiful, elegant and slow music for treatment, insomnia patients can listen to some soothing and gentle music for treatment, and so on.

What are the five methods of psychoanalysis? 3. The application of free association should also pay attention to the following skills:

1, through the continuous deepening of treatment, visitors may talk to the therapist at will and feel comfortable. For enthusiastic new therapists, they may be eager to explain to visitors why this is so. Visitors may encounter some problems in their life that make them unable to speak freely, or explain to them all kinds of conversation skills used in this process. This is all wrong. The real treatment is to let visitors experience and learn this model by themselves, rather than being taught by therapists themselves.

Because this may lead visitors to overestimate the therapist and think that the therapist is very powerful and dependent. It will bring problems and troubles to the follow-up treatment.

Therapists should try to understand what visitors say, not judge and criticize. Therapists should always remain neutral. We can't judge the moral right or wrong of visitors, nor can we help them deal with the problems in life. For example, the visitor asked the therapist if he should break up. At this time, if the therapist gives advice, it will break the neutral position and lose the therapeutic effect.

3. In the process of free association, the therapist should learn to restrain his own behavior and must not interfere too much with the statements of visitors. Don't think that the visitor digress, go too far and even have no logic. Too much intervention and interruption will make free association impossible to continue.

4. It is not indifferent or ideal for the therapist to remain silent and passive. At any time, we should keep in mind that the therapist and the visitor are a cooperative relationship, and psychotherapy is to understand and analyze the patient's experience and relieve the patient's mental pain. Only with real concern can we build trust with visitors and establish a therapeutic alliance.

In short, at any time, therapists or psychiatrists should work from the perspective of considerate care, so that visitors or patients can realize their inner pain and be kind to themselves. Through repeated treatment, therapists convey to visitors an understanding that they are experiencing pain in real life. At the same time, psychotherapy allows patients to put aside their past painful experiences, just to change themselves and accept their past. Therapists should at least show enough respect for the efforts and courage of visitors. Only in this way can we truly build trust.