What are the names of the gold and silver beads of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty and the sixteen golden dragons on the armor of Yunlong?

Kanggan's "golden armor" is only worth a cotton robe.

"In ancient times, the so-called' shining armor' existed in both the East and the West. It was the nobles who gilded their armor to show off their status. Among the armor of the Qing Dynasty in the existing Forbidden City, Kangxi and Qianlong each have a golden armor, which was worn by Kangxi and Qianlong during the military parade, but its production is different from the generally understood' golden armor'. " Cao Lianming told reporters that the armor of Kangxi and Qianlong is basically the same in shape, which is characterized by embroidered gold plate patterns on yellow satin with gold thread, instead of the metal on the armor, blue silk inside the armor and yellow satin on the front. The yellow satin is embroidered with dragon patterns and covered with gold and ordinary nails.

"Because Dajia is not an armor used on the battlefield, it is a ceremonial armor, so it is not mainly made of metal, but making gold thread and gold and ordinary nails also requires a lot of gold, and the weight is very light, probably the weight of a cotton robe."

Helmets were originally made of cowhide.

According to reports, the production process of Kangxi Dayue House is very exquisite. Its fur moire is mainly green and dark green, and the four-in-one moire is pink, pink, red, white and blue. Ganoderma lucidum cloud is composed of powder, red, etc. The yellow satin on the front of the coat is covered with gold and ordinary nails, and a front dragon is embroidered with gold thread on the left and right. The back of the coat is the same color as the front of the coat, except that a dragon is embroidered in the middle. The hem of the dress is embroidered with decorative patterns such as Pingshui, Shoushan, Haizhu, Zabao and Coral. Nine golden dragons are embroidered on the left and right shoulder pads and the blue face, with a ruby and an Oriental Pearl embedded in the middle. The colors of the left and right armpit guards, the front pawls and the side pawls are all yellow satin, covered with gold and ordinary nails, and each piece is embroidered with dragon, flat water, Shoushan and moire. Around the lower apron, each apron is yellow satin. Sixteen rows of dragons are embroidered on it, and five rows of dragons are fixed and arranged neatly with silk thread by nailing a golden needle between every two rows of dragons.

Interestingly, the helmet of Dayue's family is golden yellow, but it is not entirely metal. Instead, cowhide was painted black and decorated with gold and pearls. The top of the helmet is hollowed out with gold wire, decorated with carved dragons and inlaid with dozens of pearls. According to Cao Lianming, the helmet is inlaid with Sanskrit with a wreath in the middle. When not in use on weekdays, it is stored in a lacquered wooden box, which is decorated with yellow satin cotton silk to avoid stress and show its preciousness.

Gan Long's gold, silver, pearls, clouds and dragon armor were completed in three years.

Dayuejia is the most exquisite armor in the Qing Palace, but Cao Lianming told reporters that the Palace Museum in Beijing still keeps a set of gold, silver, beads and dragon-shaped armor that has been dry for 26 years. This armor is full of golden dragons, including 16 dragons, which were not worn by the emperor or during the big reading ceremony.

This suit of armor is made of small steel sheets, and only the Yunlong pattern composed of gold, silver, copper and black beads is exposed on the surface. Weight15.4kg, made in hall of mental cultivation, Gan Qing Palace. It was founded in the 26th year of Qianlong and completed in the 29th year of Qianlong. The materials are Wuhu steel, gold leaf, silver leaf, copper leaf and black paint. Manufacturing technology: firstly, Wuhu steel is made into small steel sheets with a thickness of about 1mm and a length of 4mm, one end of the small steel sheet is chiseled into a semi-round bead shape, and covered with gold leaves, silver leaves and copper leaves respectively or painted with black paint, and the other end is connected by drilling holes and threading, and then combined into Yunlong, which is nailed on the backing with threads. The base is silver, the dragon is golden, the dragon hair and tail are copper, and the hook line is black. The full set of armor consists of 600,000 small steel pieces, and the inside of the armor is covered with silk wool and silk. It is said that when making, try to make a piece of steel cloth first. Emperor Qianlong saw that the color of steel was not luxurious enough, so he instructed to change it to four colors: gold, silver, copper and black. The following year, he made a sample to verify that the four colors remained unchanged, and it was officially made in Qianlong twenty-six years. Its rafters are painted black with leather tires, decorated with gold and pearls, and surrounded by dragon patterns, Sanskrit and garlands. The rafters are inlaid with gold wire, with more than 70 rubies and big pearls.

The iron leaf beetle in the drama of the Qing Dynasty is just the opposite of the fact.

The story told in "Golden Flower in the City" took place in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It is reported that the development of armor in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms basically followed the system in the late Tang Dynasty, and the armor was completely made of armor pieces, weighing at least tens of kilograms. According to historical records, the ancient armor in China was not light. In Song Dynasty, chain mail in Europe weighed only 15 kg, and the full-length armor of Goth in 15 century was only 20 kg. In terms of weight, the cloth armor of China in Song Dynasty was the heaviest armor in the history of China. According to "General Theory of Jason Wu", Bulinjia in Northern Song Dynasty is composed of armor leaves with thongs or nails, which is the closest armor in China in Europe and generally weighs about 30 kilograms. The Qing dynasty was a time when light armor was carried forward, which means that in terms of weight, the armor of the Qing dynasty was lighter and easier to use.

Cao Lianming pointed out that the armor widely used in Qing Dynasty is cotton armor, also called iron leaf armor, which is an armor in which iron pieces are embedded in thick cotton cloth or silk and fixed with copper nails. Cotton armour has certain cold resistance, which is suitable for cavalry in northern China. The thick cloth is densely embedded with iron armor leaves, which has certain protective ability against cold weapons and firearms. "This kind of cotton armor looks like a cotton coat. Its special feature is that its iron leaves are not sewn on the outside of the cotton cloth, but embedded inside, which is quite different from the situation that we saw the iron leaves of soldiers' armor exposed outside the clothes in many popular Qing Dynasty film and television dramas." Cao Lianming also pointed out that unless armor is used for etiquette, armor in actual combat, even if it is used by emperors, rarely appears as real "golden armor".

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There are more than 1000 pieces of Eight Banners armor in the Forbidden City.

According to Cao Lianming, during the military parade, all battalions of the Eight Banners should wear armor and be inspected by the emperor. The armor of the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty includes yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag and blue flag, all of which were made by Hangzhou Weaving Bureau in Qing Dynasty. There are 1000 sets of Eight Banners armor in the Forbidden City.

According to reports, the armor of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty is made of silk, with blue cloth as the lining, plus a thin layer of silk cotton, and its surface is decorated with equidistant copper-plated round nails. A consists of eight parts: coat, lower skirt, left and right shoulder pads, left and right underarm protection, front sewing sleeve and left sewing sleeve. It consists of copper-plated buttons when worn. The armor types and shapes of the Eight Banners are the same, the only difference is the color, which is yellow, blue, white and red. The three flags inlaid with yellow, white and blue are mainly in primary colors, and the edges are decorated with red. The red flag A is red in the middle and decorated with white at the edge to show the difference. Tens of thousands of dry rooms were woven twice by Hangzhou Weaving Bureau, worn during military parade and usually stored in Xihuamen Tower.

It is not true that Nurhachi and Huang Taiji's armor are hidden in the Forbidden City.

Cao Lianming also pointed out in an interview that there are two sets of red satin iron leaf beetle and blue satin embroidered dragon iron leaf beetle in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Among them, the red silk iron leaf armor is equipped with a yellow wooden sign: "Gao Taizu's red silk armor, a red silk iron helmet, a blue satin helmet lining hat ..." And another blue satin embroidered dragon iron leaf armor is attached with a yellow wooden sign.

Therefore, the statement that these two pieces of armor are the royal armor of the Qing Taizu Nuerhachi and the Qing Taizong Huang Taiji has spread. However, Cao Lianming pointed out that he learned from the files found in the First Historical Archives that these two pieces of armor were not the real royal armor of the Qing Taizu Nurhachi and the Qing Taizong Huang Taiji, but were copied according to the royal armor of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji stored in Shengjing (Shenyang) when he traveled east. According to records, the originals of these two royal armors were stored in Shengjing (Shenyang) that year, but now.