The Historical Evolution of Shaolin Scenic Spot in Songshan Mountain

Songshan Shaolin Temple was founded in the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 495). Emperor Xiaowen built the Shaolin Temple at the northern foot of Shaoshi Mountain in Songshan Mountain in order to house the Indian monk Barto whom he admired. There are two high-ranking disciples in Ba Tuo. One is Hui Guang, Master of Law. The other is a thick monk, known as "the east of the green ridge, the most Zen."

In the first year of Yongping (AD 506), Indian monks Lenore Morty and Bodhi Liuzhi successively came to Shaolin Temple to open translation workshops. A Buddhist prayer hall was built behind the stupa on the west platform of Shaolin Temple, translated by Hui Guang and translated by * * *, which took three years to complete. After the Ten Classics was turned out, Huiguang promoted the teacher's theory in Shaolin Temple, including the quartering method. Huiguang's disciples mainly include Dharma, Taoism, Lingyan, Daoyun, Daohui and Lingyin. The establishment of the Sifen case actually started with Huiguang. "Four points" are passed down in an orderly way in Shaolin Temple. The early legalists in Shaolin were divided into four parts: first, discipline and law, and second, Confucian classics. Shaolin disciples went hand in hand along this double track and achieved fruitful results. By the early Tang dynasty, the foundation had been solid and the law had been created.

Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty worshiped Buddhism, and during his reign (58 1-600), he gave Shaolin Temple 100 hectares of land. In the early years of Sui Dynasty, thanks to the emperor's reward, Shaolin Temple became a big temple with many farmland and huge temple products.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty (6 18), the imperial court lost power and the world was in chaos. Shaolin Temple, which has huge temple property, has become the target of mountain thieves' attacks. "The monks refused and the pagoda was burned." In order to protect temple property, Shaolin monks organized armed forces to fight mountain thieves, and Shaolin Kung Fu initially formed the armed forces of Shaolin Temple.

In the second year of Tang Wude (6 19), the general of the Sui Dynasty, Wang, proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, and posthumous title was "Zheng Guo". His nephew Wang Ren occupied Baiqiangwu, the site of Shaolin Temple, and built Yuanzhou City.

In the fourth year of Wude (62 1), thirteen monks, including General Tan of Shaolin Temple, captured Wang Renze alive, seized Yuanzhou City and surrendered to Li Shimin, the king of Qin. Three days later, Li Shimin sent a special envoy to the Shaolin Temple to comfort them, and all the monks who participated in the war were rewarded. Mr. Tan was also named as the chief monk, and 40 hectares of land in Shaolin Temple was given to Bai Niwu. Shaolin Temple is famous for its martial arts. Shaolin monks practice martial arts, which has been passed down from generation to generation.

In the Tang Dynasty, Shaolin Temple was an important town of Zen at that time. In the first year of Tang Hongdao (683), Faru, an important leader of Dharma Zen School, entered Shaolin Temple and died six years later. At that time, famous Zen masters such as Huian, Yuanxuan, Lingyun and Tongguang were stationed in Shaolin Temple. Master Xuanzang (600-664), a famous monk, went to the table twice and asked to enter Shaolin Temple to study Zen translation, but he was not allowed.

In the fourth year of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty (AD 704), the Yijing returned from India to learn from the scriptures and set up an altar in Shaolin Temple, all of which originated from the long legal tradition of Shaolin Temple.

Zhao Hui (774-850), a monk from Silla, entered Shaolin Temple for many years in the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), and returned to China in 830 AD to build the yuquan temple. After his death, posthumous title became a "real teacher". With the prosperity of Zen initiated by Dharma, it became the largest Buddhist sect in China, especially after entering the Song Dynasty (the tenth century), Shaolin Temple began to become a pilgrimage site of Zen. To commemorate Dharma, the Chu Zu 'an was built in the place where Dharma once sat on the back hill of Shaolin Temple, and a tall "tower with walls" was built.

In the Yuan Dynasty after the establishment of Mongols, many famous monks appeared in Shaolin Temple, which was the second glorious period of Shaolin. As the ancestral home of Zen Buddhism, Shaolin Temple returned to the ancestral home with Cao Dongzong's dharma vein, abundant talents and numerous eminent monks, thus opening the most glorious era of Shaolin Temple, which was the axis of Zen Buddhism in China in that period. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, a group of Japanese monks, represented by Yuan Shao, went to Shaolin Temple to seek dharma, which became a story in the history of cultural exchange between China and Japan. During his abbot's stay at Shaolin Temple, Master Fu Yu of Xueting also established the patriarchal clan system, which made Shaolin Temple monks home and became an important foundation for the rise of Shaolin Kung Fu martial arts in the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644).

The Ming Dynasty was founded in the Han people's war against the Mongols. Therefore, in the Ming dynasty in the cold weapon era, the folk martial arts atmosphere prevailed. This is a great environment for Shaolin Kungfu to improve its level and form a system and sects. In the nearly 300 years of Ming Dynasty, the level of Shaolin Kung Fu and Wushu has developed greatly. Shaolin Temple monks have been recruited by the imperial court at least six times, participated in official war activities, made meritorious military service, won many awards from the imperial court and built temples in Shaolin Temple. Shaolin kungfu has also been tested in actual combat, and its reputation is far-reaching, thus establishing its authoritative position in the national martial arts community. Shaolin Kungfu has had a far-reaching influence on the origin and development of Wushu in Shaolin Temple monks' participating areas (Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan, etc.). ) and tourist areas (Funiu Mountain in Henan, Emei Mountain in Sichuan, Jizu Mountain in Yunnan, etc. ) The martial arts skills of Shaolin Kung Fu have reached an unprecedented level, which has been widely recognized by peers and the whole society. At the same time, the theory of Shaolin Kung Fu has been developed unprecedentedly, and there are countless writings. Among them, there are four important martial arts works that have been handed down to this day: Meng Lvtang Shooting, Ming Chengzong Friends Releasing Shaolin Clubs, Wu Ji by Qing Wu Xun and Boxing Classics and Boxing Method by Kong Zhao.

According to Wang Shixing's Travel Notes of the Song Dynasty in the Nine Years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (158 1), at this time, the Shaolin Temple monks reached the scale of "more than 800 monks". According to the patriarchal clan system of Shaolin Temple, except for the deacons who are often hospitalized in Shaolin Temple, other monks are scattered in the patriarchal clan system. The basic principle of Buddhist organizations is the travel system, and the core content is openness, that is, monks can enter and leave freely. However, within the organizational structure of the patriarchal clan system in Shaolin Temple, the relationship between monks and teachers is relatively simple and stable, and the inheritance system of the patriarchal clan system should be strictly observed. Monks don't often move unless there are special reasons. The patriarchal clan system of Shaolin Temple is open and stable, which plays a very important role in the development and inheritance of Shaolin Kung Fu, especially in the formation of Shaolin Kung Fu system and sects.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs to establish political power, it was affected by the war, and at this time the number of monks in Shaolin Temple gradually decreased. The Qing court attached great importance to Shaolin Temple. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), the emperor personally inspected the temple plan, approved the plan, rebuilt the mountain gate and the Thousand Buddha Hall. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong visited Shaolin Temple, stayed in the abbot's room for the night, and wrote poems and erected monuments. Shaolin Temple monks meditate as usual during the day, and insist on practicing martial arts in the most hidden back hall of Shaolin Temple at night, so that the ground of the main hall has formed a pit due to long-term practice, and the remains still exist. According to the murals and documents of the White House in the Qing Dynasty, Shaolin Kung Fu has maintained a high level since the Qing Dynasty.

During the Republic of China (191-1949), a major man-made fire broke out in Shaolin Temple. 1928, warlords scuffled and damaged important buildings and collections such as Shaolin Temple, Ursa Major Hall, and Tibetan Classics Pavilion, all of which were burned and suffered heavy losses.

After the founding of New China, especially since the government promulgated a new religious policy in the 1980s, Shaolin Temple has inherited and carried forward its unique fine traditions with the opening-up policy of the country and the advent of the global multicultural era. Extensive cultural exchange activities between China and foreign countries. In order to promote Shaolin culture to the whole world and respond to people's love for Shaolin Kung Fu, Shaolin Temple has established a Shaolin Monk Group, which has toured all over the world, covering five continents. It has won the love of people all over the world and has been widely appreciated.

Today, Shaolin disciples have spread all over the world. Shaolin culture has been recognized by more and more nationalities in the world, and it has become a link connecting the friendship of people all over the world. In the eyes of people who love China culture all over the world, Shaolin culture has become not only the representative of China Wushu, but also the unique image of China Zen culture and one of the symbols of China traditional culture.