What are the genetic modes and types of genetic diseases?

There are many kinds of human genetic diseases, and the ways of genetic diseases are also varied, which can be roughly summarized into three types. They are monogenic, polygenic and chromosomal diseases. Their genetic way is as follows:

1. The inheritance of monogenic diseases is caused by a single pathogenic gene.

(1) autosomal dominant inheritance, such as multiple familial polyposis coli, hereditary chorea, achondroplasia, night blindness, renal diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, syndactyly and polydactyly, congenital ptosis, familial periodic quadriplegia, hereditary nervous deafness, allergic rhinitis, familial benign chronic pemphigus, gingival hypertrophy, etc. At present, there are about 160 autosomal dominant genetic diseases.

(2) autosomal recessive genetic diseases. As we all know, high myopia, high hyperopia, congenital deafness's disease, phenylketonuria, albinism, pituitary dwarfism, melanuria, familial spastic lower limb paralysis, obese reproductive infertility syndrome, and congenital scale disease. There are 1232 species at present.

(3) Sex-linked dominant genetic diseases, such as anhidrosis, syringomyelia, vitamin D-resistant rickets, lipoma and hereditary nephritis, are relatively rare.

(4) Sex-linked recessive genetic disease. Such as hemophilia, leguminous diseases, red-green color blindness, familial optic atrophy, hemangioma, testicular feminization syndrome, congenital gamma globulin deficiency, renal diabetes, congenital cataract, anophthalmos, anal atresia, etc.

2. Hereditary mode of chromosome diseases. Most of them are caused by abnormal germ cells of the father or mother, and a small number of patients are passed on to their offspring because of the carriers of 22 balanced translocation, which makes their children suffer from chromosomal abnormalities. There are about 350 common diseases in clinic, such as congenital stupidity, congenital gonadal hypoplasia, meow syndrome, testicular microphthalmia and hermaphroditism.

3. Genetic mode of polygenic diseases. Here refers to diseases caused by abnormal multiple pathogenic genes. It is mostly due to the influence of external environment on physiology that many pairs of genes mutate and get sick. It is more common in clinic. Such as congenital heart disease, diabetes, essential hypertension, asthma, cleft lip and palate, anencephaly, peptic ulcer, congenital deformed foot, myasthenia gravis, gout, primary epilepsy, atrophic rhinitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, low and moderate myopia, partial strabismus, schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis.

Through the above analysis of genetic diseases, so many diseases are related to genetic factors, which can not be ignored. But we also need to use genetic characteristics to design eugenic genes, that is, from falling in love.