Detailed data collection of equestrian (modern sports)

In ancient times, in order to make the horses used in chariots move accurately on the battlefield, horses were often trained in various skills and coordination, and later developed into equestrian competitions. Equestrian events first entered the Olympic Games in 1900, when only one event was set up. 19 12, equestrian events were expanded to dressage, obstacle course and three-day race. Since 1952, female jockeys have been allowed to participate in the equestrian events of the Olympic Games, and equestrian has become the only event in which men and women compete together. As a team, horses and athletes will win medals and places together.

Equestrian competition needs the tacit cooperation between jockeys and horses, which tests the skills, speed, endurance and obstacle-crossing ability of horses. Equestrian events in the Olympic Games are divided into dressage, steeplechase and three-day competition. Each event has team and individual gold medals, resulting in 6 gold medals.

Basic introduction Chinese name: equestrian mbth:equerstriani * * * Appearance time: 1900 Belonging project: a kind of sports 1: obstacle course 2: dressage course 3: comprehensive all-around equestrian development history, competition rules, competition events, rules, competitions over the years, basic footwork, Beijing equestrian, origin and development. Historical events, riders' equipment, saddles, whips, armatures, water reins, classic European equestrian costumes, other related events, memorabilia, etc. Among them, horses have a symbol of nobility in Europe, and riding is not only an art for Europeans: the highest perfection, combining the * * * between jockeys and horses, but also a science. Equestrian competition needs the tacit cooperation between jockeys and horses, which tests the skills, speed, endurance and obstacle-crossing ability of horses. Equestrian 1734, Charleston Equestrian Club, founded in Virginia, USA, is the earliest equestrian club in the world. 1896, when the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece, Winston. Dirson once proposed to include equestrian as a competition event, but due to the difficulty of organization, the Greek host country lacked interest in the event and failed. 1900, equestrian events entered the Olympic Games for the first time. There was only one obstacle course. After the 1 th international equestrian competition was held in Paris, equestrian sports developed rapidly. 1906, some Swedish officers headed by Count Clarence von Rosen suggested to Coubertin that equestrian should enter the Olympic Games, and were entrusted by Coubertin to draft a specific competition plan. 1907, the Olympic Congress held in The Hague adopted the plan, and it is planned to include equestrian events in 1908 London Olympic Games. However, the London Olympic Organizing Committee failed to implement the resolution. It was not until 19 12 that the fifth Olympic Games was held in Stockholm, Sweden, that equestrian entered the Olympic Games. 62 equestrian athletes (all officers) from 10 countries participated in the equestrian competition of the first Olympic Games. Equestrian 19 12, individual and team horse racing, individual and team officials riding and dressage individual riding were added to the 5th Stockholm Olympic Games. At present, equestrian events in the Olympic Games include three events: three-day event, dressage and obstacle course, and are also divided into individual and team events. Since 1952, female jockeys have been allowed to participate in the equestrian events of the Olympic Games, and equestrian has become the only event in which men and women compete together. 1953 held the first world equestrian championship. From 65438 to 0966, the figure riding championship was held. As a team, horses and athletes will win medals and places together. In July 2005, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided at its117th plenary session that the equestrian events of the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Hong Kong. Rules of Competition Equestrian is a gentleman's sport, which conveys elegant gentlemanly demeanor and noble temperament in the perfect cooperation between man and horse. After entering the competition venue, the audience should turn off their mobile phones or set the vibration state. If something happens, you can communicate by SMS, or after the game, go out and answer the phone. We should abide by the rules that cameras and flashlights are not allowed in some competition venues. All athletes are not allowed to use flashing lights in competitions that require high concentration, such as raising their heads. When watching the game, you should actively cooperate with the players and horses in the game, and don't throw all kinds of items into the venue to avoid hurting the horses and riders. Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to take pictures with a flash. Turn off the phone or mute it. Don't wave any flags and decorations. It is forbidden to make harsh screams at the scene, so as not to scare the horses and affect the normal race. Equestrian is a very rational competition. For a burned person, he/she must forbid his/her temperament because of the existence of a horse; And a coward, riding a horse can give him/her courage. Because the human body is closely connected with the horse, every movement and every breath of both sides can be induced by each other, so the coordination between man and horse becomes the focus. Equestrian events in the Olympic Games are divided into dressage, steeplechase and three-day competition, each with team and individual gold medals, and * * * produces six gold medals. The so-called three-day competition refers to many competitions in three days. The team includes three male athletes and one female athlete. Athletes and horses have to participate in various tests for three days: the first day: the second day of equestrian training: the last day of horse speed and endurance: the final result is the sum of the three best results before the obstacle course. Dressage dressage is also called horse racing, because the venue of dressage is in the racecourse. Dressage comes from French, which means training. Its purpose is to train the horse's obedience, obey the master's orders and make actions, and pay attention to the horse's forward momentum and assembly. Participants have to compete with horses in three races: the Grand Prix, which is held in two days, stipulates the entry action and determines who the team medal belongs to; the individual semi-final, and the entry action is defined as "free interpretation of music"; and the rider arranges his own dance steps and music to show his personal skills. Upon completion, individual medal winners will know for themselves. Steeplechase is the most important event in equestrian events. Athletes must try their best to steer their horses around the ditches, low walls, sheds and other obstacles from 12 to 15 along the route set before the competition. The perfect score is 0. If the horse encounters an obstacle when crossing the obstacle, it will be fined 4 points, and the horse will be disqualified if it refuses to jump twice. If two players share points, the player who spends less time wins. Over the years, 65,438+00 teams participated in the team competition of figure riding in 2000, with 4 athletes in each team. 1998 the top eight players in the world championships and the champions in the European championships were qualified, and the host country Australia team was automatically qualified. Each association is limited to 65,438+0 teams. 50 athletes participate in individual events, except for 40 athletes in team events, the rest 10 athletes are determined according to the world ranking, and each association has a maximum of two athletes. 16 teams participated in the team steeplechase, with 4 athletes in each event. 1998 The top six champions in the World Championships, European champions and African champions are eligible to participate in the competition, and the host Australian team automatically qualifies, and each association is limited to 1 team. There are 15 athletes in individual events, and athletes in team events can also participate in individual events, with a maximum of two athletes in each association. Three teams 15 teams participated in the competition. After being selected by regional Olympic qualifiers such as World Championships, Pan-American Championships and European Championships, the host Australian team automatically qualified for the competition. Thirty-six athletes participated in individual events, and their qualifications were determined through world championships, five intercontinental championships or Olympic qualifiers or the world rankings published by the International Equestrian Federation. Basic footwork, slow pace, brisk running, the origin and development of attacking Beijing equestrian as far away as the Yuan Dynasty, there are horse racing activities in metropolitan areas. After the Mongols made their capital in Beijing, they brought their favorite horse racing to Beijing and gradually became popular in Beijing. At that time, the imperial court also combined this activity with the military service system and became a system, especially in the case of large-scale gatherings, horse racing, riding and shooting were all such activities. In the Ming Dynasty, Beijing rode horses, rode and shot every spring. After entering the Qing Dynasty, horse racing became more popular. Because Manchu is also a nation that is very good at riding and shooting, especially during the Qianlong period, many racecourses were built in Beijing, and horse racing activities were held in various folk festivals. The flag soldiers from princes to nobles were keen on this activity. Therefore, under the advocacy of the royal family, this activity gradually spread to the people and lasted until the early years of the Republic of China. Equestrian racecourses in old Beijing are mostly located outside the outer cities and the city gates, and they are held at different times, usually from the first month of the lunar calendar to September. Among them, the horse races in the first month are mostly in the west of Baiyun Temple and outside Andingmen and Deshengmen. In February at the Sun Palace on the east side of the Temple of Heaven; In March, on the southwest side of Pantao Palace in Dongbianmen; In April in Manju Jixi outside Xizhimen; May is south of Yongdingmen; Outside the east wall of Xiannongtan in June; North of Huangsi in July; South of Guang 'anmen in August; Near Diaoyutai in September. Horse racing has stopped since the weather turned cold in October. There are all kinds of people who take part in horse racing, and all the horses are owned by themselves. Participants can agree on a time to meet each other, and the number of people can be more or less. There are no rules. You can also practice horse racing at any time and watch each other's riding and horse skills. There are many ways of horse racing in old Beijing, but there are some differences with western equestrian events. Western horse racing activities only focus on speed, "speed is the best choice", regardless of horse riding and horse racing, only speed is used to judge the outcome. The traditional horse racing activities in old Beijing pay attention to the pace of horses, which generally include riding, horse racing and vault. Walking is to see the stability and beauty of horse stance when running; Horse racing is speed and endurance. Vaulting means that the horse's bumpy posture should be beautiful and changeable during the race. In the race, the guns were fired, and the knights of all walks of life were full of energy and spurred the horses. I saw a horse running, jumping, swinging and rushing forward. All the onlookers cheered loudly, and the excitement, tension and excitement were beyond words. Historical Project At the end of Qing Dynasty, an activity called Jockey Club appeared in Beijing. It is not the traditional horse racing in China, but the so-called western-style horse racing (that is, equestrian events). At the end of Xuan Tong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Shuntianfu allocated a piece of land of about 200 mu to Beijing Shen Xi Guild Hall, which is located near the lotus pond outside today's Xibianmen. At that time, this area was still desolate. After the completion of the racecourse, it gradually became lively. Every time there is a horse race, people come and go. There are stands, ticket offices, lottery rooms, horse pens and players' lounges in the racecourse. Every race day, fans from all walks of life in Beijing (including some foreigners in Beijing) go there one after another, and there are a sea of people inside and outside the racecourse. Each ticket window and lottery window are marked with the numbers of knights and horses, so customers can buy one kind of horse racing tickets or multiple kinds of horse racing tickets. Dajia, wealthy businessmen or people who love it spend a lot of money to buy one or more lottery tickets in bulk in order to win the lottery. This kind of "Jockey Club" activity continued intermittently until the late Republic of China, and then gradually declined, and those racetracks that were once overcrowded also disappeared. Besides a good pony, a rider needs a series of professional equipment. There are many excellent equipment, and it is the most important purchase criterion to suit yourself. Choosing the right riding equipment is tantamount to buying yourself a comprehensive guarantee. Saddle Saddle is the most important equipment when riding, and a saddle with excellent technology and appropriate size is an important guarantee for the harmony and comfort of people and horses in sports. Modern saddles fully consider the ergonomics of people and horses, and adopt an integrated and elastic saddle frame, with elegant leather and light weight, which is widely used in riding and ordinary leisure riding. What kind of saddle is usually chosen is determined by the height, figure and movement of horses and people. General leisure riding generally chooses comprehensive saddle. Whips are made of leather or fiber products, which are generally long, medium and short. You need to choose according to your actual situation. Ordinary horseback riding generally uses a whip of medium length. There are thousands of kinds of armatures, and horses with different personalities have different requirements for the use of armatures. Armature is mainly made of stainless steel, with smooth surface, moderate weight, no rust and no injury to horses. Le Shui REINS Le Shui and REINS, like the steering wheel and braking system of horses, are generally made of leather and PVC. Good water hose and reins have good flexibility, which can transmit action information more accurately in riding and realize the tacit cooperation between man and horse. Classic European Equestrian Clothing In the classic European equestrian sports, clothing is a very important element, which requires a high sense of ceremony and clothing. Those unique rider equipment not only gives people visual enjoyment, but also is an important guarantee for safety.

Helmet: The helmet worn on horseback is different from other helmets, and it is made of FRP. A good equestrian helmet needs to be able to crack under a certain impact force to minimize the damage to the head caused by the impact force.

Gloves: The reins of harness are very rough and easy to scratch the skin, so gloves become necessary equipment for riding. Normally, gloves should be wear-resistant and comfortable.

Breeches: Sports friction is inevitable during riding, and breeches can help cyclists to exercise easily. Usually the style of breeches is mainly loose crotch and tight legs.

Boots: can protect legs and feet, prevent legs and feet from being rubbed when riding, and it is not easy to be in danger when riding. There are two kinds of riding boots: rubber boots and leather boots.

Chabbs: Chabbs is a leggings bag. In the absence of long riding boots, you can wear Chabbs to protect your legs.

Protective vest: It is used to protect the rider from injury as little as possible when he falls off the horse, and it can protect the rider's back and spine. Beginners should wear protective vests.

Whip: Whips are divided into long whips and short whips. Short whip is used for ordinary horse riding and speed horse racing. A short whip for leisure riding, with a wrist sleeve to prevent it from falling. The short whip used in speed race is thick, wide, heavy and strong, and the length shall not exceed 70 cm. The slender whip is a * * * whip, which is used when training horses, and some have a whip tip. Other related memorabilia In 680 BC, equestrian events were listed as events for the first time at the 25th Olympia Ancient Olympic Games. 1900 individual steeplechase was listed as an Olympic event in Paris. At the same time, the long jump obstacle course and the high jump obstacle course are also included in the competition. Only officers are eligible to participate in the competition. The equestrian competition of 1952 is open to civilians and soldiers at all levels for the first time. At the same time, women are allowed to participate in dressage competitions for the first time. 1956 1956 Due to the strict quarantine system in Australia before the Olympic Games, the equestrian events originally scheduled to be held in Melbourne were held in Stockholm. The events and rules of 1988 were fixed. China equestrian team participated in the Olympic Games for the first time in 200 8. Equestrian Events of Hong Kong Olympic Games When we bid for the 2008 Olympic Games, we put the equestrian events in Shunyi's rural racetrack. After many twists and turns, considering various factors, we decided to change it to Hong Kong. However, this decision was not smooth sailing, and it took more than seven months, involving four companies: BOCOG, China Port Olympic Committee, International Olympic Committee and International Equestrian Federation. Without the consent of a company, equestrian events cannot be moved to Hong Kong. Among them, the Beijing Olympic Group and the Hong Kong Olympic Committee of China are naturally active promoters, and the International Olympic Committee is the middle party. However, such a plan was opposed by the International Equestrian Federation, whose president is a woman, a royal princess and princess Ballal, the sister of the Spanish king. Bilal and her International Equestrian Federation made the journey of equestrian relocation to Hongkong not so smooth. Moreover, venues are required to establish an epidemic-free area within 35 square kilometers of Fiona Fang several years in advance. In other words, the rural racecourse originally planned by Shunyi will be filtered out by the surrounding area. The concept of an epidemic-free area is that all residents in this area should move away, and no animals, including rats on the ground and underground, can appear in this area. For Beijing, this requirement is extremely difficult to achieve in just a few years, and it faces a lot of demolition. After the land is vacated, it will be even more difficult to build an epidemic-free area. Moreover, China has no experience in this field. This also brings a problem, that is, funds. Many people can't imagine how much money such a huge project will cost. After Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games, it put forward the policy of running the Olympic Games diligently in time. The high cost of building equestrian venues naturally does not match the thrifty hosting of the Olympic Games. What shall we do? We must find an appropriate solution to this problem. Previously, Mr. Fok Ying-tung and his son, Mr. Fok Chen-ting, President of the Hong Kong Olympic Committee of China, had been telling the IOC and Beijing that they hoped Hong Kong could also host the Olympic Games. Hong Kong has thus entered Beijing's sight, and it is of great positive significance for Beijing and Hong Kong to jointly host the Beijing Olympic Games. Objectively speaking, the level of horse racing in Hong Kong is at the top level in the world, and the foundation of equestrian sports is relatively good. The venue of equestrian competition can meet the requirements only by rebuilding the existing venue, which greatly saves funds. Although both Beijing and Hong Kong are willing to actively promote this event, the decision is made by the International Equestrian Federation. Therefore, after the successful bid for the Olympic Games, BOCOG submitted a report to the International Equestrian Federation, expounding the quarantine problems faced by equestrian events in Beijing. And informed Hong Kong of its intention to host equestrian events. Unexpectedly, the International Equestrian Federation expressed its opposition. So why didn't the FIA agree to this decision? On the one hand, the FIA has been worried that Hong Kong will leave the Olympic family, which is very unfavorable to the development of equestrian events, not to mention that equestrian events are aristocratic events and are not easy to promote. It is not the first time that equestrian events have been held outside the host city. 1956 At the Melbourne Olympic Games in Australia, the equestrian events of that Olympic Games were forced to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, because Australia had high quarantine requirements for imported horses at that time. On the other hand, the FIA believes that if the equestrian competition is held in Hong Kong, equestrian athletes will lose the opportunity to communicate with athletes from all over the world, unable to fully enjoy the services of the Olympic family, unable to enjoy the Olympic atmosphere, unable to communicate with athletes from all over the world, unable to enjoy the joy of the Olympic family, which will make equestrian far from people and the Olympic Games, which is not conducive to the development of equestrian sports in the world, not to mention a 65,438+. 20 16 The six countries and regions that made their debut at the Rio Olympic Games were China, Taipei, Qatar, Dominica, Zimbabwe and Uruguay. China, Taibei and Qatar will participate in the steeplechase, Dominica and China will participate in the dressage competition, and Zimbabwe will participate in the three-day competition; Uruguay participated in the dressage performance in the equestrian events of the Paralympic Games. Athletes from 43 countries and regions will participate in equestrian events in this Olympic Games, among which 30 countries will send athletes to participate in equestrian events in Paralympic Games. On March 9th, 20 16, at 2: 00am Geneva time, official website, the International Equestrian Federation (FEI), officially released the "Olympic Games-Qualifications of Participating Countries" (ranking of national Olympic Committees and athletes qualified for the Olympic Games). China Equestrian Triathlon Knight Hua Tian became the only athlete in China who obtained Olympic qualification through the ranking system of Olympic qualification points.