Medicinal materials suitable for planting in Zhangye, Gansu Province

Astragalus membranaceus, also known as Astragalus membranaceus, is a general term for plants and Chinese herbal medicines. Astragalus membranaceus is produced in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Heilongjiang and other places, and is a national third-class protected plant.

1. The neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, sunny and high dryness should be selected for land selection, soil preparation and fertilization of Astragalus membranaceus crops, which can be planted on flat land or sunny hillside, and Gramineae crops are suitable for previous crops. In early spring, using stubble-cleaning (rotary tillage) subsoiling ridger to subsoil and ridging, or hanging four-wheel subsoiling ridger with a depth of more than 35cm, is beneficial to soil conservation, and the emergence rate is improved by 20%-30%. Adding deep tillage layer and improving the structure of tillage layer are beneficial to root elongation, thickening and branching reduction, which not only improves the yield, but also improves the quality grade. Combined with soil preparation, the chemical fertilizer was deeply applied to the plough layer of about 15cm as the base fertilizer, and 3000-4000kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 15% respectively) and compound biological fertilizer 1kg were applied every 667 square meters.

2. The planting method is seed propagation. 2. 1 seed treatment. Because the seed coat of Astragalus membranaceus is hard and impermeable, it is dormant, so it must be germinated by mechanical, physical or chemical methods.

2. 1. 1 Boiling water to accelerate germination Put the selected seeds into boiling water and stir 1min, then immediately add cold water, adjust the water temperature to 40℃ and soak for 2-4 hours, then take out the swollen part of the seeds, then soak the unexpanded seeds in water at 40-50℃ until swollen, then take them out and affix/kloc-.

2. 1.2 mechanically damaged seeds are quickly ground with a stone mill for several times, so that the exocarp changes from brown-black luster to gray-brown rough epidermis, which is beneficial to seed water absorption and expansion. You can also rub the seeds with twice the fine sand. When you scrape off the seed coat, you can bring sand to sow.

2. 1.3 Treat mature hard seeds with sulfuric acid, soak them in 70%-80% concentrated sulfuric acid solution for 3-5 minutes, take them out, rinse them with running water for half an hour, and then sow them. This method can destroy the hard seed coat, and the germination rate is above 90%, but it should be used with caution.

2.2 Sowing adopts direct seeding. Spring sowing is before Tomb-Sweeping Day, and autumn sowing is before and after the Millennium. Ditching and ridging 8- 10cm, applying ternary compound fertilizer 10kg(N, p and k are 15% respectively) as seed fertilizer, covering the soil for 5cm, stepping on the bottom grid, evenly sowing the treated seeds in the ditch, and covering the soil for 3-5cm to suppress once. Generally, the dosage of seeds is 2-3 kilograms per 667 square meters.

3. Field management: 3. 1 thinning, fixing and replenishing seedlings. When the height of the seedlings is 5-7cm, the first thinning is carried out. After thinning for 2-3 times, leave 1 0 cm for strong seedlings every 8-/kloc-0. In case of lack of trees, soil should be used to replenish seedlings, or seeds can be replayed to replenish seedlings.

3.2 Weeding Astragalus seedlings in intertillage grow slowly, and careless weeding can easily lead to grass shortage. Therefore, when the seedling height is about 5cm, intertillage weeding should be carried out in time in combination with thinning seedlings. The height of the second seedling is 8-9cm, and after the third seedling establishment, it is 1 times. Weed once in May, June and September after the second year.

3.3 Top dressing Astragalus likes fertilizer. In the first 1 and the second year of growth, topdressing once a year, combined with intertillage weeding, top dressing decomposed human and animal manure 1000kg or ternary compound fertilizer (n, p and k are15% respectively) 7-8 kg per 667m2. After withered seedlings in the winter of the first year, 2000 kg of stable manure, 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 15% respectively) and 150 kg of cake fertilizer are applied every 667 square meters. After mixing, they are applied in furrows between rows, and after application, the soil is raised to prevent freezing.

3.4 Topping In order to control the high growth of plants and reduce the consumption of nutrients, topping should be carried out before the end of July. It can increase the output.

4. Pest control 4. 1 powdery mildew blooms in July and August, endangering leaves and pods. White fluffy mildew spots appeared on both sides of the damaged leaves and pod surfaces, and many small black spots appeared in the later stage, which seriously reduced production. 25% triadimefon 1500 times solution or 1: 1: 120 bordeaux solution can be sprayed for 2-3 times at the initial stage of onset, and the effect is good.

4.2 Astragalus purple feather disease is commonly known as "red root disease". Because the roots turn reddish brown after the onset, the fibrous roots come on first, and then gradually spread to the main roots, from cortex to internal rotten roots, and finally the whole rotten roots. Prevention and control methods: In addition to removing sick and disabled people, crop rotation and drainage in rainy season, 70% Dixintong 1.5-2.0kg of soil can be used for disinfection and soil preparation, or carbendazim and methylprednisolone can be used for root irrigation. In the early stages of the disease.

4.3 Aphids occur in July and August, which do great harm to shoots. Especially in high temperature and drought years, 40% dimethoate 1000- 1500 times or 50% aphid fog can be sprayed for 2000-3000 times.

4.4 Adults lay eggs on the tender pods or flower sacs of Astragalus membranaceus, and larvae eat the seeds in the pods after hatching. Mature larvae drill out of pods and enter the soil to cocoon for the winter. Spray dichlorvos or dichlorvos once every 7 days at flowering stage according to the dosage, and spray it continuously for 3-4 times until the seeds are mature.

5. Keep the seeds and harvest them. Astragalus can be harvested in the third year. Early harvest, poor quality of astragalus; If you don't harvest for a long time, it is easy to be black-hearted or lignified. It is usually harvested when plants wither in autumn, or before germination in the following spring, so that the root system grows fully, more effective components are accumulated, and the yield of Astragalus is high. Dig deep when harvesting, and don't hurt the root, so as not to cut off the taproot and affect the yield and quality of medicinal materials. In rainy areas in the south, in order to reduce the loss of rotten roots, it is best to harvest them in the same year.

Select plots with tree age of more than 3 years (including 3 years), vigorous growth and no diseases and insect pests as the planting land of Astragalus. On the basis of general field management (don't kill the flower buds), the management of the dantian field is to apply phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer again in mid-July, with 25 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0/0 kg of potassium chloride/kloc-per mu, so that the flowers are flourishing and the seeds are full. Results In case of high temperature and drought, irrigation should be done in time to reduce the hard seed rate and improve the seed quality. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus should be harvested when the pods droop and turn yellow and the seeds turn brown in August, otherwise the pods will crack and the seeds will be lost, making it difficult to harvest. Because the maturity of seeds is inconsistent, they should be harvested with maturity. If you leave seeds in a small area, it is best to harvest them in stages and batches, and cut off the mature ears one by one, discard the immature fruits at the tips of the ears, and keep the mature pods in the middle and lower parts. If you leave seeds in a large area, you can harvest them once when the fruits in the field are seven or eight ripe. After harvesting, the fruit branches are hung upside down in the shade and dried for a few days to make the seeds mature, then dried, threshed, cleaned and stored.

6. Harvesting and processing are generally carried out in 2-3 years. If the growth period is too long, it will produce black heart and affect the quality. It is generally better to harvest in the middle and late September. Carefully dig the whole root with tools to avoid damaging the skin and cutting off the root, clean up the soil, cut off the reed head while it is fresh, trim the fibrous root, dry it in the sun until it is half dry, pile it in 1-2d to make it regain its moisture, then spread it out and repeatedly dry it completely, and tie the root straight into small bundles for medicine. The quality is thick rope, few wrinkles, yellow and white section, full powder and sweet taste. In normal years, it can produce about 300 kilograms of dry goods per 667 square meters.