What is the genetic probability of familial hereditary diseases?

Nine familial hereditary diseases and their solutions.

Allergies and asthma

Genetic coefficient: 5☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are children whose parents have asthma or are allergic to certain items such as peanut butter, pollen and dust. Whether the father or mother is diagnosed with allergic asthma, children will be more easily entangled in various allergic diseases, especially asthma. If only one parent has asthma or allergies, the chances of children inheriting it are 30% to 50%, but if both parents have asthma or allergies, the chances will increase to 80%.

Best preventive measures: The latest research shows that breastfeeding can prevent asthma and allergic skin rash. If your family has a history of genetic allergies, but you don't breastfeed your baby, or you need to add milk powder to feed, then you must choose a formula with less allergens for your baby. Doctors also advise mothers not to eat peanuts and peanut products during pregnancy and lactation, because peanuts have the highest risk factor among foods that cause allergies. Experts believe that children with a family history of allergies should not eat dairy products before the age of 1, egg whites before the age of 2, peanut butter and seafood before the age of 3. In addition, reducing children's contact with pollen and pets can also reduce the chances of asthma and nasal allergies. If you plan to feed your pet at home, it's best to start from the baby's infancy. According to the survey, it is unlikely that children will be allergic to puppies and kittens before 1 year-old, because children's immune system is developing and it is unlikely that they will conflict with allergens. When you suspect that your child has signs of asthma, such as coughing or wheezing, you should take your child to the hospital for diagnosis in time, because early treatment is very important.

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia

Genetic coefficient: 5☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are children whose parents have some kind of heart disease. If one parent suffers from hypertension or hyperlipidemia, the risk of the child's illness is 50%; If both parents suffer from hypertension or hyperlipidemia, the probability will increase to 75%. This disease is highly hereditary. Even if only one parent, grandparent or grandparent suffers from heart disease, or is diagnosed with heart disease before the age of 55, the chances of children getting sick are very high.

The best preventive measure: give your child a related examination. In the past, we always thought that hypertension and hyperlipidemia were "patents" for adults. However, more and more facts remind us that this disease may also occur in children, and it is very likely to lead to heart disease in the future. Therefore, experts suggest that children aged 3 and above should have routine blood pressure tests; If the parents' blood lipid index is high (the index exceeds 180 mg/dl or higher), or one of the parents, grandparents or grandparents is diagnosed with heart disease, it is best to take the child to do relevant examinations when he is 5 years old. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are closely related to diet, so after the baby passes infancy, it is necessary to ensure that the child's nutrition is balanced and exercise every day to avoid the accumulation of excessive fat. Another study shows that breastfeeding can reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia in children. So once again, we advocate that you can try to stick to breastfeeding.

Ear inflammation

Genetic coefficient: 5☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are children whose parents have been suffering from ear inflammation for a long time. Although the exact number is unknown, it is estimated that if parents live with otitis for a long time, the possibility of passing it on to their children is 60% to 70%. Because parents are likely to inherit the child's face or the structure of the eustachian tube, children who get this genetic gene are more likely to suffer from otitis media.

The best preventive measures: the doctor advises no one to smoke at home, breastfeed children for at least 3 months, use pacifiers less, try to avoid children getting flu every year, and encourage children to wash their hands more. When choosing kindergartens for children, try to find those with fewer children in the class, so that children can get more attention and find subtle changes as soon as possible. In addition, it is worth parents' attention that the common cold will not only lead to ear inflammation, but also aggravate the illness. But don't worry too much. Usually, after the child is 7 years old, the phenomenon of ear infection will automatically decrease gradually.

fat

Genetic coefficient: 5☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are: both parents are severely obese children. If one parent is obese, the probability that the child is overweight is 40%; If both parents are obese, the probability will increase to 70%. However, many cases have proved that even if parents are severely obese, as long as children always adhere to a healthy diet and exercise, they can break the routine of genetic obesity genes and grow into normal-weight children. Experts remind us that the problem of overweight in childhood must not be ignored, because it is likely to lead to diabetes, early heart disease, asthma and cancer.

The best preventive measures: If parents set an example, children will follow their parents' healthy eating and exercise habits. Doctors disapprove of the restriction method of letting children eat only low-fat foods, but think the following practices are very important: limiting children to drink carbonated drinks with sugar; Eat less dessert; Eat more nutritious food; Shorten the time of watching TV (no more than 2 hours a day); The whole family puts health first. After the child is 2 years old, he should have a physical examination on time, and the doctor should judge whether his overall physical indicators are normal, so as to find out whether there is a problem with the child's weight as soon as possible.

skin cancer

Genetic coefficient: 3☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are: children with family history of melanoma. Melanoma is an uncommon but very fatal skin cancer. If one parent has melanoma, the chance of the child getting sick is 2% to 3%; If both parents suffer from melanoma, the probability will increase to 5% to 8%; If mom and dad or one of your relatives is diagnosed with melanoma before the age of 50, the chances of children getting sick will be higher.

The best preventive measures: try to avoid letting children directly bask in the sun. Although skin cancer will not occur until adulthood, 80% of skin lesions that cause cancer occur before 18 years old. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen for children when they go out, whether it is sunny or cloudy, SPF 15 or above. If you have a family history of melanoma, use sunscreen and wear a wide-brimmed hat. A recent study found that the number of black spots on children who often wear sunscreen is indeed greatly reduced, and these black spots are the culprit leading to malignant tumors. In addition, it is wise to follow the "shadow principle": if the shadow of a child is shorter than his actual height, it proves that the sun is too strong, and it is time to go to a cool place to play.

diabetes

Genetic coefficient: 4☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are: it depends on the type of diabetes. If the child's father has 1 diabetes and has been dependent on insulin or he is diagnosed with diabetes in adolescence, then the genetic probability is one in seventeen. However, if the mother of the child has 1 type diabetes, and the child is less than 25 years old when he is born, the genetic probability is only one in twenty-five. If the mother is born after the age of 25, the genetic probability will be reduced to 100. However, if both parents have 1 type diabetes, the genetic probability will increase to a quarter. Type 2 diabetes is a kind of weight-related diabetes with high heritability. If one parent has type 2 diabetes, the genetic probability is between one seventh and one thirteenth; But if both parents have type 2 diabetes, the genetic probability will increase to half. In fact, for these children with a family history of type 2 diabetes, the danger is imminent only when they are overweight. But nowadays, the phenomenon of childhood obesity is becoming more and more common, so the number of children with type 2 diabetes is also increasing. Both types of diabetes are at risk of heart disease, kidney disease, neurological problems and blindness.

Best preventive measures: Studies have shown that breast-feeding babies all the time and adding complementary food after 6 months can slightly reduce the incidence of 1 diabetes. For type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to ensure that the child's body is fully exercised, avoid fat accumulation, ensure that the child's diet is nutritious, eat more fruits, vegetables and whole wheat foods, and give the child more vegetable oil (olive oil, etc.). These reasonable preventive measures will achieve greater results. Experts suggest that it is best to limit children to eat finely processed starchy foods such as potatoes and white flour. If the child is overweight and has a family history of diabetes, it is best to determine whether he has type 2 diabetes by blood test after the child 10 years old.

Poor eyesight

Genetic coefficient: 3☆.

The children with the highest incidence rate are: children whose parents had vision problems in childhood. If both parents start wearing myopia glasses when they are very young, then the probability of children's myopia is more than 6 times higher than that of ordinary people. If the father or mother suffers from amblyopia when they are young, the chances of children suffering from amblyopia in the future are twice as high as those of ordinary people.

Best Precautions: Make sure your child has a routine eye examination in infancy. For most children, the diagnosis of a pediatrician is enough. However, for those children with family history of eye diseases, they must be examined by an ophthalmologist. If the child is amblyopia, the treatment effect is the most significant before the age of 3, so it is especially important to make a diagnosis as soon as possible.