Several kinds of bows and arrows in the ancient world

The bow of ancient Egypt is relatively sophisticated in the ancient history of the world. During the New Kingdom, Egypt's bows were usually made of logs. The length is 5-5_5 feet, the middle is thick and the two ends are tapered. There are also bows made of composite materials, in which antelope horn pieces are embedded and covered with a layer of tendons, and various composite parts are tightly wrapped around the wooden bow with palm skin. The compound bow is powerful and has a long range, but it is not easy to open. The length of the shaft varies from 22 to 34 inches. The shaft is made of wooden sticks, reeds and metal arrows, and usually has three feathers as the tail.

[Assyrian bow and arrow]

Assyrian bowstring is generally shorter than Egyptian bow, and the longest is about 4 feet. Bows are made of wood, and Assyrian bows are divided into angular bows and curved bows. The whole horn bow is as thick as a person, and the bow is required to be thinner at both ends and smaller when viewed from the stick. It is also used less. Both bows have buttons at both ends.

(Later carved into a duck head), a groove was carved near the knot to hang the bowstring. The bow can be carried on the stubble or put in the bow sheath. The Assyrian arrow shaft is straight and thin, made of reeds or light wood. Arrows are made of bronze or iron. The arrow is rhombic and flat. There are raised lines on the arrow to increase strength, and holes are embedded in the shaft at the lower end. The tail of the arrow has two feather wings, and the end of the arrow has a groove, so it can be worn on the bowstring.

[Ancient Indian Bow and Arrow]

Among the archaeological materials that have been excavated, the Indus civilization period was discovered.

Bronze arrow (about 1750 BC). Obstruction arrow is a weapon commonly used by various arms and services in ancient India. Typical Indian bows and arrows are recorded in detail in the Analogy of Arrows in China-Arab Sutra: the materials of bows are rot, mulberry and steel. Horn and bow are made of beef tendon and camphor deer tendon _ silk, and bowstring is made of tendon, silk, silk and hemp; The arrow is wrapped with beef tendon and camphor deer tendon _ silk; Arrow feathers are floating feathers, carved crossbow hair and crane hair; The pith of the arrow is a pregnant spear and a plating knife; The colors of the bow are black, purple, red and yellow. According to historical records, when the Persian king resisted Alexander's invasion (about the seventh century BC). The bow of the Indian ambassador period was made according to the height of the user. The bow is very hard. When pulling a bow, one end needs to be supported on the ground, the left pedal is male, and the hand should be wide. This arrow is three cubits longer than the one that was shot. This kind of bow and arrow is very penetrating. At that time, ordinary shields and armor could penetrate. According to "On Politics", the bow names of the new peacock dynasty are: inviting Rama to invite, bridging Tanto, Chuna and so on. They are made of brown shelves, bamboo, wood or horns. Bowstring is made of rattan fiber, bamboo fiber and sheep intestine. Arrows include bamboo arrows, wooden arrows and iron arrows. Arrows are made of iron, bone and wood, and have the functions of stabbing, cutting and hitting.

[China Bow]

Ancient archery equipment. Branches originated from primitive society, and were made of rope at first. Later generations developed in production technology, and there were strict regulations on material selection, ingredients and production procedures. The original bow-making material was a single material, made of bamboo and wood, and later developed into a composite material, generally consisting of animal horns, tendons, bamboo, silk, paint, glue and so on. There are many kinds of bows, such as Wang Bow, Arc Bow, Clip Bow, Geng Bow, Tang Bow and Big Bow in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The king bow and arc bow are used for guarding the city and fighting cars; Clip bows and waste bows are used to hunt birds and birds. Han dynasty is divided into tiger bow, carved bow, horn bow, road bow and Xinjiang bow. In the Tang Dynasty, there were four kinds of bows: long bow, angular bow, micro bow and lattice bow. Infantry use long bows, angle archers use them, and imperial guards use light bows and lattice bows.

[longbow]

Medieval English bow and arrow. /kloc-in the 0/3rd century, Britain vigorously developed its bow and arrow forces, changed its bow and arrow tools, and gradually replaced crossbows with longbows. The longbow was made of elm, stick and basil, and later it was mainly made of Chinese fir. The best Chinese fir is not produced in Britain, but imported from Italy and Spain. The length of the longbow is 6 feet and the length of the arrow is 3 feet. The middle of the bow is 1_5 inches wide and tapers to both ends. The ends of the bow are inlaid with horns. The front of the bow is round and the back is flat. The range of a longbow is twice that of a crossbow.

(the farthest is 400 yards, and the effective range is close to 250 yards), and the archery rate is much higher.

(10 to 12 arrows can be fired in minutes). In the hands of skilled British soldiers, the hit rate of longbow is much higher than that of crossbow. It is lighter, easier to master and suitable for skirmisher shooting or volley. At that time, it was the most effective and versatile individual weapon on the battlefield. The disadvantage of longbow is that it is excellent and requires high technology, and it must be mastered by archers who have been trained for a long time.