How to measure blood pressure correctly and detect hypertension?

(1) standard method of blood pressure measurement

① Choose a standard mercury sphygmomanometer or an international standard (BHS and AAMI) electronic sphygmomanometer for measurement.

② The size of the cuff is suitable for the upper arm circumference of the patient, covering at least 2/3 of the upper arm circumference.

③ Subjects should avoid strenuous exercise, eating, drinking coffee-containing drinks, smoking, taking drugs that affect blood pressure, relaxing, emptying the bladder and resting quietly for at least 5 minutes.

(4) Subjects should sit in a chair with a backrest. Expose the right upper arm. The upper arm and sphygmomanometer are on the same level as the heart. The elderly, diabetics and patients with postural hypotension should be tested for orthostatic blood pressure.

⑤ Tie the cuff tightly to the upper arm of the subject, with the lower edge of the cuff 2.5cm above the elbow bend, and place the chest radiograph of the stethoscope at the brachial artery of the elbow fossa.

⑥ Listen carefully to the cancellation sound when deflating, and observe the I phase (the first sound) and V phase (the disappearing sound) of the cancellation sound. Systolic pressure reads the I phase of Kirchhoff sound, and diastolic pressure reads the V phase (vanishing sound). /kloc-Children under 0/2 years old, pregnant women, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism, aortic valve insufficiency and Kirchhoff sound not disappearing, take the fourth phase (inflection point) of Kirchhoff sound as diastolic blood pressure reading.

⑦ Determine the blood pressure reading. All readings should be based on the top of the convex surface of the mercury column, and the readings should be even (0, 2, 4, 6, 8). The electronic sphygmomanometer is based on the displayed data.

⑧ Repeat the measurement at intervals of 1 ~ 2 minutes, and record the average value of the two readings. If the reading difference of systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure is greater than 5mm/Hg, it should be measured again, and the average of the three readings should be taken as the measurement result.

Pet-name ruby self-rated blood pressure, referred to as self-rated blood pressure, refers to the blood pressure measured by subjects in other environments outside the clinic. Self-testing blood pressure can obtain blood pressure information in daily life. It has unique advantages in excluding simple clinical hypertension (white coat hypertension), enhancing patients' active participation in diagnosis and treatment, and improving patients' treatment compliance. It has always been an important supplement to clinical blood pressure measurement, but for patients with mental anxiety or who often change their treatment plans according to blood pressure readings, self-testing blood pressure is not recommended.

It is recommended to use the fully automatic or semi-automatic electronic sphygmomanometer of the upper arm which meets the international standards (BHS, ESH and AAMI). Generally speaking, the self-rated blood pressure is lower than the clinical blood pressure value. The normal upper limit reference value is 135/85 mm Hg. Medical staff should guide patients to self-test their blood pressure and inform them of the methods and precautions for measuring blood pressure.

(2) Detection of hypertension

① If the general practitioner finds that blood pressure rises during diagnosis and treatment, further examination and diagnosis should be made.

② Use various public places, such as elderly activity stations, unit clinics, neighborhood committees, blood pressure measurement stations, etc. , measure blood pressure at any time. If blood pressure is found to be elevated, further examination should be suggested.

③ Blood pressure should be measured for the first-time outpatients over 35 years old in medical institutions at all levels.

④ Screening of high-risk groups.

⑤ Physical examination screening. Blood pressure was measured by various employee physical examinations, unit and individual health examinations, etc. If blood pressure is found to be elevated, further examination and diagnosis should be suggested.

In addition, the establishment of health records, baseline survey, hypertension screening, free clinic and other blood pressure measurements, found that blood pressure increased, should be further examined.