The development trend of hydraulic or pneumatic technology is not less than 3000 words.

This post was last edited by Blue Fairy Tale at 20 10-6-3 15:30.

1650, Frenchman B. Pascal first put forward the basic law of pressure transfer in still liquid-the principle of static pressure transfer (Pascal principle). 1795, the hydraulic press invented by British J. Brammer is the primary form of hydraulic transmission with water as the working medium. /kloc-At the end of 0/8th century, Germany made a hydraulic planer. Hydraulic grinders and lathes are made in America. After World War II, with the rapid improvement of industrialization level and the appearance of electro-hydraulic servo valve, the hydraulic servo system has made new development. It organically combines electronic control with hydraulic transmission, opening up a new field of hydraulic transmission application, and the application scope of hydraulic technology in civil field is increasingly extensive.

Modern hydraulic technology not only originates from traditional mechanical technology, but also integrates control theory, precision manufacturing, new materials, automatic and intelligent detection, sensors and information technology. Its products and systems are usually embodied in the integration of various technologies and systems.

Although the research on replacing hydraulic transmission with other transmission methods has never stopped, so far, there has not been a "subversive revolution" in the hydraulic field where digital products completely replace film like photography.

Lu Yongxiang, president of China Academy of Sciences, wrote in the article "Thinking about Fluid Transmission and Control Technology in System Philosophy" that due to the diversity and complexity of fluid characteristics and its application fields, fluid transmission and control technology will have endless research fields and endless application fields in the future.

Because of the key role of hydraulic technology in equipment manufacturing industry and its rich technical connotation, hydraulic technology has become one of the important symbols to measure the industrialization level of a country. The United States, Germany and Japan, as the most developed economies in the equipment manufacturing industry in the world, all have deep hydraulic power backgrounds.

The hydraulic industry in New China began in 1950s. From 65438 to 0964, foreign hydraulic components production technology was introduced, and at the same time, independent development after digestion and absorption was emphasized, which achieved certain results. Since then, China's fluid transmission industry has gained two great opportunities for development: first, from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, the state invested in and introduced more than 50 products and manufacturing technologies, which, after digestion and absorption, formed the current technical foundation; Second, in the early 1990s, the State Council forwarded the "Regulations on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Basic Parts Industry", which was specially approved by the leadership of the State Council, adding the "special supplementary item for basic parts", and the whole industry obtained 650 million yuan for technological transformation, and the equipment level of some key enterprises was improved.

First, the industrial status quo

After 30 years of reform and opening up, China hydraulic industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, huge scale and certain technical level, which plays an irreplaceable role in the equipment manufacturing industry. Since the implementation of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" for three years, the development of hydraulic industry has been accelerated and the level of autonomy has been significantly improved, and it has become one of the largest manufacturers of hydraulic products in the world.

The economy is growing rapidly.

From 200/KLOC-0 to 2008, the average annual growth rate of total industrial output value of hydraulic industry in China was over 25%, which was the fastest developing country in the world. In 2007, China's hydraulic market sales accounted for about 14% of the total global hydraulic market sales, ranking third in the world after the United States and Germany. On the one hand, it is based on the rapid growth of domestic market demand; On the other hand, thanks to the rapid improvement of domestic hydraulic industry, it has gained an advantage in the competition of low-end products in the international market.

(B) the formation of a diversified industrial structure.

After several rounds of reorganization, restructuring, merger and the entry of overseas funds, China's hydraulic industry has formed a tripartite pattern of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.

(3) Technical ability has been improved.

Combined with major national engineering construction, the industry has solidly promoted independent projects and made effective breakthroughs in hydraulic components and systems of aerospace, ships, large-scale water conservancy projects, large-scale metallurgical equipment, nuclear power projects, Olympic projects and other supporting projects. For example, with the active assistance of Beijing Huade Hydraulic Co., Ltd., Sichuan Changjiang Hydraulic Parts Co., Ltd. successfully completed the hydraulic system supporting tasks of the main torch platform and the tower of hope for the Beijing Olympic Games.

(4) Low-end products are basically autonomous.

It can be seen from the trade situation of hydraulic products that the demand for imported high-end products in the domestic market still maintains a double-digit growth rate; While the export of low-end products remained stable. According to customs statistics, the domestic import volume of hydraulic products in 2008 was about 2 1 100 million USD. Taking the whole liquid-tight industry as the statistical caliber, in 2008, the import volume increased by 50% over the previous year. The import and export deficit of the liquid-tight industry is 2.2 billion US dollars.

At present, 65% of the domestic hydraulic market is independent and 10% is exported.

(In China hydraulic industry, there is no manufacturer with an annual turnover of more than 500 million, and the national cumulative output value is 25 billion, which is basically used in the low-end market. In 2007, the hydraulic turnover of a Rexroth company in Germany reached 4 billion euros, that is, 40 billion RMB, and the product samples of Rexroth company were higher than those of German manufacturers, which is the gap between China and China. Only from this, we can see that the scientific and technological content of China's GDP is very low. ) Source:

In recent years, the rapid development of machinery and equipment industry in China has benefited the hydraulic industry greatly. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the output value of hydraulic industry reached more than 20 billion yuan in 2007. Gong Li, a well-known expert in the hydraulic industry, said, "If you count a number of private manufacturers, the total output value should exceed 25 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 28%." According to the statistics of Gong Li, a senior consultant of Hydraulic Yingcai.com, the total output value of the hydraulic industry in China in 20 10 was more than 60 billion.

International experience tells us that a technology, a product and a field can be developed, and the most important thing is that there is a market. "The market of hydraulic components is in China. Therefore, the prospect of China's hydraulic technology development must also be optimistic. " Hydraulic Gong Li is full of confidence in this. 1 Z0 m2 G2 N9 K* U" C- D$？ :L

However, in view of the problems existing in the current hydraulic industry, especially the inability to meet the needs of the development of the main engine, hydraulic Gong Li is not without worries. He mentioned the word "unity is strength" many times, and his urgency was beyond words. "The backward situation of China's hydraulic industry urgently needs the industry to unite as one, and manufacturers, users and upstream and downstream industries need to unite as one." " ` 1 T9 M' m) U m O

The concept of hydraulic industry is backward and lacks market support; N* h @6 L5 [+ r

Hydraulic Gong Li listed several figures for you: In 2007, the import value of basic parts of construction machinery in China exceeded US$ 6,543.8 +0.8 billion, accounting for 37% of the total import value of construction machinery. 3 i3 p- U+ H* \！ Me! M# A Y8 l

"If the hydraulic industry only grows by 28%, how can we meet the development of manufacturing in China? Who will provide hydraulic components for construction machinery? Due to the delay in delivery date, how can the OEM compete in the market? " Hydraulic Gong Li asked questions repeatedly. 5 liters) l9 liters (J4 k 1 Hz

If we say that in the 1980s, the backwardness of China's hydraulic industry was manifested in the means of production; In the 1990s, the problems in the industry were mainly manifested in the backward system and management level. "2 1 century, the industry concept is backward and the market response is slow." Hydraulic Gong Li said.

China's hydraulic industry enterprises always pay more attention to product research and development, but not to transforming it into commodities; Pay more attention to the increase of turnover rather than the flow of products; Only pay attention to the development of hydraulic pressure, but not to the combination of electro-hydraulic pressure; Only pay attention to product quality control based on factory, but not to quality management based on use; Pay more attention to pragmatism, simply position yourself at the level of "cheap", but ignore the long-term strategic planning. Although they have the idea of making their own enterprises into excellent suppliers, they lack corresponding measures.

Gong Li said that throughout the hydraulic industry in China, there are almost no manufacturers whose annual turnover exceeds 500 million yuan. In 2007, the hydraulic turnover of Rexroth Germany has reached 4 billion euros, or 40 billion RMB, while our total turnover is only 25 billion RMB. "If you are a manufacturer with a turnover of only 500 million, which OEM will treat you as a real supplier? The small scale of enterprises is not conducive to market competition. "

This backward concept leads to the lack of support for China's basic parts industry. Hydraulic Gong Li analysis, first of all, lacks the support of various industry associations as matchmakers; Secondly, the main engine factory is limited by the delivery date of well-known suppliers and only thinks about domestic industry; Thirdly, the hydraulic system failed to keep pace with the upstream enterprises such as materials, castings, electromagnets, seals and standard parts.

Synchronous development requires equal quality and equal remuneration.

Hydraulic Gong Li believes that the drive and control of industrial systems are developing in a distributed direction. The control of the whole machine will be completed by the main engine factory, and the hydraulic component factory only provides the components of the control part. According to this development trend, the main engine products will no longer completely rely on the complete set of parts technology of some big companies, that is, the parts in the system, such as pumps, motors, valves, cylinders and so on. You don't need a single enterprise to undertake all the supply.

"This not only provides development opportunities for small and medium-sized hydraulic component manufacturers with relatively single products, but also provides more choices for host manufacturers." Hydraulic Gong Li said.

While grasping the development trend of technology, the development of hydraulic industry needs to keep pace with the upstream and downstream industries. "At present, there is such a wave in the hydraulic industry in China: many OEMs have adopted the mode of' adoption' or merger and acquisition for domestic basic parts enterprises." According to the analysis of Hydraulic Gong Li, if a hydraulic component factory is' adopted' by the main engine factory, it is unlikely to achieve mass production, and it is suggested that this mode should not be adopted only. $ L X5 L$ \' H+ f( E7 M

Secondly, the development of the hydraulic industry also requires the main engine factory to have the sense of responsibility of big brother, providing a development platform for the hydraulic component factory. Support should be given from the initial trial, small batch purchase to large batch order, rather than simply comparing the structural design of components with internationally renowned brand products. "In particular, we should pay equal remuneration to domestic enterprises," Gong Li stressed. "Why do China's products have to be cheap? If our quality and performance are the same as those of foreign products, then our OEM should show its tolerance and give domestic parts the same treatment. " )}7 G 1 F9 y5 B 1 k# h

In addition, the scale of our factory is still relatively small, and the output value generally does not exceed 500 million yuan. "No OEM is willing to take an enterprise of this scale as its real and lasting supplier." Hydraulic Gong Li believes that in order to get rid of this dilemma, we must consider new ways of cooperation or alliance between enterprises. "Hydraulic component manufacturers, especially private manufacturers, cannot simply expand their scale, and the two companies do not have to be integrated into a group. They can jointly develop the market and supply the same products to the OEM. "

"It is necessary to fundamentally solve the problem of disproportionate development of hydraulic components and main engines in China and escort the development of China's manufacturing industry." Hydraulic Gong Li is earnest.