Recommend some famous articles with typical painting methods.

Sketch, originally a skill of Chinese painting, is roughly similar to that of western painting. It is characterized by using simple ink lines to outline characters and various scenery features, highlighting its charm, without coloring or micro-ink, revealing with the simple characteristics of the image itself, arousing readers' association and enriching the image. This painting technique is used in the description of articles, that is, it does not need gorgeous words, exaggeration or comparison, but uses the most economical and thrifty pen and ink to outline a vivid image and show your feelings about things. Its characteristics are: grasping the main features of the described object, using only a few strokes, and having both form and spirit. This artistic expression plays an important role in the creation of many literary masters, and many immortal classic images are portrayed by line drawing. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret in painting." If you want to say yes, it's just the opposite of the smoke screen method: if you have real meaning, whitewash it, don't be so melodramatic and don't show off. "(The Secret of Composition) Mr. Lu Xun deserves to be a master of sketch, and his works are also masterpieces of sketch. In many of Mr. Lu Xun's works, readers can truly appreciate the superb skills of this literary master in briefly describing the environment, people and events by skillfully drawing lines.

First, the classic line drawing

(A) to expand the connotation of landscape painting

In many of Mr. Lu Xun's works, the line drawing technique depicts the scenery with rich connotation and far-reaching artistic conception. At the end of the short story "Medicine", I wrote a story about grandma and aunt Hua offering sacrifices to sweep the grave, which not only accurately outlined the bleak and gloomy environment, but also symbolized the indomitable fighting spirit of the pioneers with red and white garlands, showing a bunch of bright colors in the bleak scene, especially the last sentence, "They couldn't walk twenty or thirty steps when they suddenly heard a loud cry of' dumb' behind them, and both of them turned their heads in horror. This sentence gives a rough picture of a crow flying "like an arrow" to the "distant sky", giving the impression that it is unruly and aggressive. In the article The True Story of Ah Q, Mr. Lu Xun also described the unfinished village where Ah Q lived by line drawing, and drew a genre painting with strong local flavor. The novel is not centered on restaurants, nuns, vegetable gardens and other scenes, but is gradually outlined in the development of the plot. The application of these sketching techniques can more profoundly show the closed and backward rural areas in China before and after the Revolution of 1911, thus better serving the shaping of Ah Q, a typical figure.

(B), writing people out of charm

In Mr. Wang's works, you can often see a few lines of sketches vividly outlining the inner world of the characters, and the description of the characters is full of charm. This kind of writing is similar to "freehand brushwork" which is intended to be vivid. It does not deliberately pursue the superficial artistic effect, but makes a detailed exploration of the inner world of the characters. This kind of writing can get a good effect of "painting the eyes and pleasing the eyes". In the article "Hometown", "At this moment, a miraculous picture suddenly flashed through my mind. There is a golden full moon hanging in the dark blue sky, and endless green watermelons are planted on the sand by the sea. Meanwhile, a boy of eleven or twelve years old, wearing a silver ring around his neck and holding a steel handle, tried his best to stab a horse, but the horse was stabbed. Here, Mr. Lu Xun sketched the image of a little hero holding a steel gun on a moonlit seaside Gua Tian, which was simple, lively, fresh and beautiful, and echoed in readers' hearts like a childlike dream. In the same article, the author's description of the middle-aged leap soil more than 20 years later is heartbreaking: "This is the leap soil. Although I knew it was leap soil at first sight, it was not my memory. His figures have doubled; The previous purple round face has turned gray-yellow, adding deep wrinkles; Like his father, his eyes are swollen all around, which I know. People who farm by the sea blow the sea breeze all day, which is generally the case. He wore a worn felt hat on his head and only a thin cotton-padded coat on his body. Holding a paper bag and a long pipe in my hand is not the red and round hand I remember, but a thick, stupid and cracked hand like pine bark. "

From the above selection, we can see that under the pressure of "many children, famine, exorbitant taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and gentry", moistening the soil has been drained of its essence and turned into a withered and numb wooden statue. What is even more frightening is that under the oppression of the hard environment and the destruction of the old system, the spirit of adults jumping into the earth has become insensitive. He acquiesced in the natural estrangement between himself and his childhood friends. "His attitude has finally become respectful" and "it is clearly called" master "..."

Chang 'e in Running to the Moon is no longer a dignified lady image, nor a very educated and classical fairy image. She became a woman in bad karma under the pen of Lu Xun. Although there is also a stunning beauty, she can't stand the cold, bossing around, often giving her husband a bad look, and nagging her husband, making a hero who is "afraid of his wife" nervous all day. Chang 'e's language and performance really make people laugh. "Hum!" However, The Raven on the Slag River appeared four times, vividly revealing her personality characteristics of pursuing pleasure and not tolerating cold life.

(C), the narrative lines are clear

The use of Lu Xun's line drawing technique in narration makes people feel that the lines are clear and concise. In the article "Kong Yiji", Mr. Wang once outlined the situation that Kong Yiji paid the price twice. In front of it, it says, "Money must be discharged in nine articles". The word "discharge" vividly shows Kong Yiji's poverty and shows off its rich sour taste. It says "four pence for a broken pocket" at the back, and the word "touch" is used instead. People can see at a glance that at this time, Kong Yi has been down and out, with no sour gas and a hard life. The difference between "pat" and "touch" points out the difference of the protagonist's fate before and after the novel, and its powerful generalization is amazing.

Second, the characteristics of line drawing

From the above examples, we can get a glimpse of the whole leopard, from which we can not only understand the extraordinary literary creation skills of a generation of literary masters, but also think of three main characteristics of this skill from Mr. Wang's line painting, scenery writing and narrative:

(A), rebirth.

Sketch has no trouble with other decorative descriptions, and the author can concentrate on describing the characteristics of the characters, often revealing the spiritual world of the characters with a few words and actions, and receiving the artistic effect of getting twice the result with half the effort and having both form and spirit. Xianglinsao's description in "Blessing": "The face is thin, yellow and black, and the previous sad face has disappeared, as if it were a woodcut; Only blinking can show that she is a living thing. She is carrying a bamboo basket in one hand, and there is a broken bowl in it, which is empty; Holding a bamboo pole longer than her in one hand, the lower end cracked, obviously a beggar. The True Story of Ah Q describes Ah Q in this way: "The most annoying thing is that there are many scars on his scalp that I don't know when. "So he is afraid that people will say' light' and' bright', and there is a' yellow braid', which is all done by line drawing. The former describes the portrait of Sister Xianglin who was driven out by Fourth Master Lu on New Year's Eve, and it is a true portrayal of the image of feudal rule and ethics that hurt the soul and flesh. The latter's description of the "scar" of Ah Q taboo has become a typical literature of "Ah Q spirit".

Let's look at a line in Kong Yiji: "Only Kong Yiji is standing drinking and wearing a gown." Although it is a simple sentence, its connotation is extremely rich. It shows Kong Yiji's identity, social status and personality. Drinking standing, it's the jacket gang. They live in poverty, and Kong Yi, who lives in poverty, has to stay with them and can't squeeze into the guest's room. However, he refused to take off his gown, and wanted to remain a scholar to show that he was mentally better than the short coat gang, which showed his pedantry and vanity. This irreconcilable contradiction between the poor economic situation and the pedantic spiritual life makes Kong Yi the only special person who can't go to heaven and earth in a hotel with a sage like style.

(2) pursuing simplicity

Excellent literary and artistic works are touching because the author expresses his true feelings; The truer the feelings are, the more they can shock the readers' hearts. Ma Zhiyuan's "Clear Sand? Qiu Si: A dead vine and a faint crow, a small bridge and a mobile family, an ancient road and a thin horse. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. The author only used line drawing to arrange the scenery, but achieved the effect of eternal farewell. I believe that everyone who has seen it will have a picture of a wanderer in his mind. In this picture, the vine is dead, the tree is old and the crow is at dusk. They give people a gloomy mood. At this time, it is natural to see people with small bridges and flowing water, and homesickness will spread from the bottom of my heart. Look up at the long ancient road in the distance, listen to the autumn wind whistling in your ear, and see what it feels like to get off the thin horse. Only heartbreak!

In fact, ordinary narration and meticulous and unique language tempering make the language simple and touching. In the article "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow", the author wrote a close-up of the West Lake: "The shadow on the lake is just a mark on the long embankment. At one point on the lake pavilion, there is a mustard tuber from Yu Zhou, and there are only two or three people on board." "One mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains" are simple descriptions of scenery, which not only show the prototype of life, but also carry out artistic processing, but are simple and natural, without rendering or carving, like a freehand brushwork landscape painting.

A description in Ba Jin's Home;

On the night of Lantern Festival, the weather is fine and it is a beautiful moonlit night. There are several shining stars and white clouds in the sky, and a full moon is embedded in the blue sky like a jade plate. It moves slowly in the blue sky, scattering its brilliance on the earth.

Write the moonlit night without whitewashing or exaggerating, and truly describe the moonlit picture of Yuanxiao in simple language.

Look at a description of the scenery in late spring:

After the Qingming Festival, the spring rain began to fall. It has been down to "Grain Rain" and it has not cleared up yet. Pear blossoms rained and peach blossoms were wet by the rain. The wheat in the field can't wait for the sun, so it has to quietly jointing and heading in the drizzle.

In this passage, the author grasps the rainy weather characteristics in Grain Rain season, and chooses representative things such as pear flower falls, wet peach blossom and wheat ear to sketch the natural scenery in rural mid-spring season without rendering.

(3), convex body

Many classic works tend to downplay the writing background, but focus on describing the characters, and highlight the character by grasping the characteristics of portraits or short dialogues. Small stall owner (excerpt):

The vendor is a middle-aged man in his forties. He has a dark face, two thick eyebrows, a pair of big eyes sunken into his eyes, and a strong tooth in his mouth, which seems to bite off the spikes in his mouth. He always wears an old Chinese tunic suit, and his black and thick hands are covered with calluses.

This is a portrait of a shoemaker, using a line drawing technique. Dozens of vivid words such as "dark face", "two thick eyebrows", "sunken eyes" and "firm teeth" describe the appearance characteristics of this shoemaker who has worked outdoors for many years, especially the sentence "He seems to be able to bite a nail in his mouth", which not only vividly shows the characteristics of his tight teeth, but also reminds us that the nail bitten in his mouth is not an old shoemaker. Although this passage is not so detailed and full, it captures the key points of the character's personality, gives a vivid impression and shows the beauty of sketch.

The four sentences that the father said in the process of sending his son to the car in the Back: ① Never mind, they can't walk well. I want to buy some oranges. You stay here and don't walk around. I'm leaving. Write to me! Go in, there's no one inside. The text is simple and concise, but the meaning is profound, which highlights the deep affection of the father's love for his son and is simple and touching.

Third, how to use it?

There are two points to pay attention to when using line drawing techniques well.

(a), handle the relationship with other expressions.

Combining line drawing technique with other techniques can get twice the result with half the effort. Mr. Fujino's article is a good example: "Tokyo is just like this. When the cherry blossoms in Ueno rot, it looks like a crimson light cloud, but under the flowers, there are also groups of crash courses for Qing students, with big braid tied on their heads, which makes the students' hats fly high and form a Mount Fuji. There are also braids that dissolve and flatten, except hats, which are shiny and visible, just like a little girl's bun and her neck twisted a few times. It's really beautiful. "

In this passage, the description of "overseas students in Qing Dynasty" adopts various expressive techniques: simple drawing, grasping the details of braids and a few sketches, revealing the ideological essence that these overseas students should not only follow the fashion, but also be inextricably linked with the Qing Dynasty. Contrast and contrast, with the beautiful scenery of cherry blossoms, contrast the ugly state of big braid, a student's hat top in Qing Dynasty. Ironically, "it's beautiful"; With exaggerated techniques, "a Mount Fuji was formed"; Metaphor "like a little girl's bun"; When they merge together, they achieve a very spicy irony effect. Through these words, we seem to hear Mr. Lu Xun cry out in grief: you corrupt and incompetent westernization students in Qing Dynasty! How can you ignore the dark and lifeless motherland and play all day without learning or skill! How can you show off big braid shamelessly, pretending to be a national oppression? Between the lines, Mr. Wang's desire to serve the country is vividly portrayed.

(2) It should be focused and unforgettable.

In order to impress people, we must highlight the characteristics and modality of the object. Mr. Lu Xun's "New Stories" in a paragraph of "Casting Sword" describes it like this: "The eunuch is the first, followed by four warriors, with a black man in the middle. Until recently, men's clothes were blue and men's hair was black; The cheekbones are thin, and the orbital bones and eyebrows stand out high. " The simpler the portrait description of a black man is, the more prominent his main external characteristics are: capable, alert and calm. Sketch is not the same as simplified description, but a highly concise, concise and vivid description of the main characteristics and basic images of characters. Another example: "Black people seem a little scared, but they don't change their faces. He stretched out his arm leisurely and held an invisible green sword, like a dead branch; Stretch your neck as if you were looking at the bottom of the tripod. The arm suddenly bends, the green sword suddenly splits from behind, and the sword falls on the head and into the tripod bell. Bang, snow-white spray is sprayed into the air at the same time. " This sketch vividly depicts the touching image of an avenger who is willing to sacrifice himself.

In the essay "The Back", Zhu Ziqing tried to show the back of his father. In order to highlight this point, the word back is also the title of the article. In our life, the father's back is familiar to his son. But this time, what he remembered was not ordinary, but touched his figure very much on a specific occasion. To this end, he chose the technique of sketching, depicting his father's posture and clothes with realistic brushstrokes, and focusing more on the situation of crossing the railway when buying oranges: "My father is a fat man, so it is naturally more troublesome to go there. I was going to go, but he refused, so I had to let him go. It was not difficult to see him limping to the railway and leaning down slowly, wearing a small black hat, a big black jacket and a dark blue cotton robe. But it is not easy for him to climb the platform over there when he crosses the railway. He climbed up with both hands, and his feet shrank again; His fat body leans slightly to the left, showing his efforts. When crossing the railway, he first scattered oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, then picked them up and left. "

At first glance, this passage is plain, without too much description, decoration and foil, just a sketch, just showing the situation at that time. At first glance, it looks normal, even a little clumsy, but after careful taste, it is full of affection and unforgettable. In short, simplicity is the expression of ingenuity. As the saying goes, magic is seen in plain, this is the power of line drawing, this is the charm of line drawing.