Understanding and understanding of rhetoric

Understanding and understanding of rhetoric

Rhetoric, as a decorative tool and persuasive art, has existed for a long time. Traditional epistemology holds that rhetoric can not produce real knowledge when it faces the possibility of things.

The establishment of the epistemological status of scientific rhetoric is linked to the questioning of the traditional epistemological status. On the one hand, scientific rhetoric insists that "epistemology is a chapter of the whole natural science", recognizes the objectivity and truth of science, and opposes the unfounded and unprincipled doubt and deconstruction of scientific knowledge. On the other hand, scientific rhetoric also recognizes that scientific knowledge has historical and social dimensions and characteristics, and advocates that the process of scientific understanding includes not only discovery and confirmation, but also defense and argumentation. The invention, organization and rhetoric of scientific texts are also the exploration, discussion and explanation of scientific truth, and also have the status of epistemology.

It can be seen that scientific rhetoric has reasonably revised and improved the traditional epistemology, so some people have commented that the epistemology of scientific rhetoric is "an intermediate between a closed formal logic system and an open skeptical vision."

The field of epistemology ",which is appropriate, specifically, the epistemological status of scientific rhetoric is mainly determined by the following aspects.

1. Scientific rhetoric can create "logical knowledge" by establishing the relationship between special individual events and general abstract principles. In scientific research, empirical materials and events are often divorced from scientific principles and rules: experience can't jump to the theoretical level without any media, and theory can't penetrate into observation unconditionally. There is no clear definition of deterministic "instrumental theory" and speculative "object theory" in science, so scientists cannot directly transition from the uncertainty of a single observation evidence or observation evidence group to the certainty of research results and theories. Logically speaking, this is the asymmetry between single-scale observation evidence and full-name theory. The intervention of scientific rhetoric has solved this problem. On the one hand, scientific rhetoric can give the trend picture of empirical observation related events through concrete analysis activities and abstract comprehensive activities, and point out the set of preconditions of scientific discourse in different situations, thus laying the foundation for the integration of scientific theories into individual events. On the other hand, scientific rhetoric can also embed a set of specific principles into specific scattered research objects, and introduce rhetorical analysis into different observation problems, so as to realize the integration of multiple problems, multiple objects and multiple fields under the guidance of theory, and prepare conditions for the empirical phenomenon to rise to scientific theory. In this way, by building a bridge between individual events and universal principles, scientific rhetoric solves the logical problems about observation and theory. Scientific rhetoric can create a kind of "social knowledge" by establishing the relationship between concrete experience and public category. The scientific conclusions drawn by different research subjects are a diversified product, but there are always public terms, scales, standards and orientations independent of individual will in the scientific community. Therefore, there must be differences between the specific experience of a single scientist and the public domain of the whole scientific community. Scientific rhetoric is an effective weapon to eliminate this difference. On the one hand, scientific rhetoric recognizes the independence of scientific paradigm or scientific framework, showing the different nature, ways and characteristics of different scientific subjects solving scientific problems; In addition, scientific rhetoric can create a kind of "inferential knowledge" by establishing the relationship between presupposition and transcendental principle. Scientific research is a process of reasoning from initial conditions through various laws and rules until an unknown conclusion is reached.

2. The epistemological characteristics of scientific rhetoric.

An important difference between scientific rhetoric and traditional epistemology is that it weakens the strict distinction between truth and utility, rationality and reason, objectivity and synergy of cognition, and actively participates in the rhetorical practice of scientific discourse.

3. Epistemological reconstruction of scientific rhetoric.

With the reference of science to rhetoric analysis methods and the two-way movement of rhetoric infiltrating into scientific research activities, rhetoric has gradually become an interdisciplinary theory and cross-cutting research method. More importantly, scientific rhetoric promotes the rational and natural expansion of scientific epistemology within the framework of post-modernism philosophy, provides an open epistemological choice, and fundamentally reconstructs the practice of traditional epistemology. Analysis, experimental demonstration and logical deduction are consistent.

Therefore, objectively speaking, scientific rhetoric is only a possible trend or part of the characteristics of scientific epistemology, and there are still many disputes in itself, and the road to rationalization is still very long.