Who knows the size of the long city brick?

Great Wall Brick: It was the main building material for the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall bricks are all blue-gray with mud and sand. Due to the different soil quality of each kiln mouth, some bricks contain a lot of impurities. According to their shapes and uses, Great Wall bricks can be divided into long bricks, square bricks, stacked bricks, observation hole bricks, perforated bricks, flagpole bricks and flowing brick grooves on the wall to cut off flowing water and discharge it from the wall. There are two kinds of long bricks and square bricks: bricks with words and bricks without words.

1. long brick: This kind of brick is most commonly used for city walls and their ancillary buildings. Muddy, bluish gray, hard texture, and some bricks contain coarse sand. The front is smooth and the back is rough. Most of the dimensions are 37 cm long, 15 cm wide and 9 cm thick. The fired and unburned long bricks found in Dalingzhai Brick Kiln in qianxi county are 4 1 cm long, 20 cm wide and 1 cm thick. In Liecheng, near Baiyangyu, Gan 'an County, the door brick is also a long brick, the size is 47 cm long, 2 1 cm wide and 12 cm thick.

2. Square brick: muddy, bluish gray, hard in texture, smooth in front, rough in back, 37 cm long and 9 cm thick. Square bricks are mostly used to pave the floor at the top of the city wall, and some pedestal surfaces in enemy platforms are also paved with square bricks, such as those in Gan 'an County 1 Xuliukou enemy platforms.

Third, stacking bricks: it can be divided into stacking bricks and stacking top bricks. Bricks in the stacking part are generally triangular on one side and rectangular on the other, and one side of the triangle is located at the crib mouth, so that the crib mouth forms an angle to expand the field of vision, rather than a square crib mouth. The width of this brick is the width of the wall, about 49 cm. Because of the need of building, the wall must have cracks, so the stack brick is made of blue bricks that are vertically divided into two, and the width is half of the whole stack brick. The top brick is inclined on both sides, ribbed in the middle, smooth in surface, rough in bottom and triangular in cross section. However, there are also some stacked roof tiles with different triangles on both sides, one with a large angle and the other with an acute angle. The dimension is 2 1 cm on the side and 37 cm on the ridge. The dimensions of three sides of a large angle triangle are 25 cm, 36 cm and 16 cm respectively, and the dimensions of two sides of an acute angle triangle are 28 cm and 27 cm respectively.

4. Wangdong brick: square, with nearly circular perforation in the middle, smooth surface, convex grass pattern, no pattern, rough back, muddy, bluish gray and hard texture. The length and width are 20cm, the thickness is 9cm, and the diameter of the middle hole is 15cm.

5. Porous brick: prefabricated, generally square, but there is a hole from the middle to the bottom. The upper half of the hole is arched and the lower half is rectangular. Muddy, blue-gray Some porous bricks are printed with raised grass rolling patterns on their surfaces. The length and width are 25 cm and the thickness is 9 cm. The hole is 16 cm high and 9 cm wide. However, many perforations in some sections of the city wall are square holes reserved during the construction of the city wall, and patterns are only ground on the long bricks above the perforations to form a distinctive brick shape. This kind of perforated brick is basically rectangular, which is basically the same size as ordinary long bricks.

An intransitive verb flagpole brick: It is placed at the crib mouth like a flagpole stone, which acts as the cornerstone of the crib mouth and has roughly the same shape. In the investigation of Tangshan Great Wall, only flagpole bricks were found on the Great Wall in the northern section of Xiaoguan, Gan 'an County. All flagpole bricks were on the inner wall and fired like Great Wall bricks. Generally rectangular, the brick surface is inclined on both sides, with a ridge in the middle, and the two sides are recessed into triangles and draped on the wall. The total length is 80 cm, the width is 44 cm, and the middle hole is 5 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm in depth.

7. Brick for running water tank: On the brick wall, a drainage hole is set every 23 meters or so, so that the water on the surface of the wall can be discharged from the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to build a row of water retaining facilities higher than the overflow port of the city wall, so that water can flow along the groove here to the drainage hole, and a water-spitting stone groove is set at the drainage hole. This water retaining facility is built on the overflow port with rectangular blue bricks at the side, and the convex part grinds the square edge into a circle.

Eight, word bricks: this is the majority of word bricks. The words "left", "middle" or "right" are printed on the plane of the brick, all in italics and italics, and most of them have no borders outside, and the fonts are printed in the middle of the plane of the brick. However, a China-shaped brick with a border was found on the wall of Zunhua. The font was very large, and it was all Yang Wen's regular script, which was printed on the plane of the brick, but slightly to one side.

Nine, the word brick: At present, there are 25 kinds of bricks: left one, left two, left three, right one and right two. A batch of fired but unused "Left Three" Great Wall bricks were unearthed in Dalingzhai Brick Kiln, qianxi county. There are four main types of left three bricks:

1, the word "third from the left" is intaglio and regular script, with a small font and a border outside the word, which is printed on the side of the brick;

2. The word "third from the left" is intaglio, regular script, with a large font and no border outside, printed on the plane of the brick;

3. Yang Wen's "third from the left" is a regular script with a large font and no border, which is printed on the plane of the brick;

4. There is the word "left third" on the side and plane of the brick. In Dalingzhai village, several types of Great Wall bricks have been found, including "Left One", "Left Two", "Right One" and "Right Two", which are now built on villagers' houses. They are all carved in regular script, with small fonts and borders outside, which completely conforms to the style of "left three" bricks.