What appellations in ancient medicine used euphemism?

In ancient medicine, euphemisms were used for names such as death.

Medicine has experienced the development period of traditional medicine, experimental medicine and modern systematic medicine. The combination of traditional medicine and experimental biology in Europe gave birth to western medicine, and the combination of traditional medicine and western medicine in China is forming a model of systematic medicine.

Medicine is produced and developed by human beings in the long-term practice of fighting diseases. In its long development process, it has roughly experienced the processes of primitive medicine, ancient empirical medicine, modern experimental medicine and modern medicine. Ancient empirical medicine lasted for a long time and can be roughly divided into the following parts:

The ancient East is the cradle of human culture, which mainly refers to Egypt, Babylon, India and China. These countries transitioned from primitive society to slave society earlier than other countries. The Egyptians established their own civilization in the middle reaches of the Nile, the Babylonians in the Mesopotamian plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Indians in the Indus and Ganges rivers, and China in the Yellow River basin. The development of productive forces in slavery society was further divided, and professional doctors appeared. Under slavery, medicine was only a tool of slave owners. In the 8th century BC/KLOC-0, the code formulated by King Hammurabi of Babylon stipulated: "If a slave dies or is disabled due to a doctor's operation, he must compensate the slave owner for all or half of the slave value; If the disabled or dead are freemen, the doctor's hand will be cut off as punishment. " This fully reflected the social relations at that time. Due to the low productivity and lack of scientific knowledge in ancient times, people have not been able to understand the real causes of diseases so far. After the emergence of primitive religious concepts in human society, diseases are attributed to ghosts and gods. Medicine in this period was very religious, and religious and non-religious empirical medicine were mixed together. Wu Peng and Wu Yang recorded in China's Classic of Mountains and Seas are all "imperial doctors".

The ancient oriental medicine gradually accumulated a lot of valuable experience in treating diseases. According to reliable records, amputation, ophthalmology and caesarean section were performed in India in the 4th century. In Egypt, vomiting, diarrhea, diuresis, sweating and other treatments have been used for a long time, and enema is known, which actually plays a role in treating, clearing the intestine or expelling intestinal corruption. Bian Que, a famous doctor, appeared in China as early as the 5th century BC. He first used four methods to diagnose the disease. Neijing is the earliest medical classic in China. Its overall concept, the theory of yin and yang and five elements, and the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians are combined to form a theoretical system of correct diagnosis and treatment. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, new progress was made in clinical therapeutics, and the Pharmacology Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing appeared.