Western Translation Theory What is it and what are the specific concepts of reciprocity in it?

Western and Chinese translation theories have formed different translation theory systems due to their different philosophical thoughts, values and linguistic and cultural habits. Western translation theory has a strict methodology, precise theoretical description, delicate and qualitative and quantitative analysis. After the war, Western translation research is even more thriving, with a variety of translation schools, an endless stream of translation masters, and rapidly changing translation ideas, translation methods and research perspectives. Translating and introducing the achievements of contemporary Western translation theories and strengthening the exchange and dialog between Chinese and Western translation theories will undoubtedly be beneficial to the creation of translation studies with Chinese characteristics. As Naida said, translation theory should be "inclusive, utilizing a variety of means to solve all kinds of problems in translation". To actively understand the history, current situation and development trend of contemporary Western translation theories, to break the limitations of translation research in terms of geography, discipline and school, to form an interdisciplinary, comprehensive and complementary research pattern, and to draw on the research results of all translation theories is beneficial to both newcomers to translation and translators who have considerable experience in translation. Western translation theory also includes classical translation theory, modern translation theory and contemporary translation theory, especially contemporary Western translation theory is full of schools, such as the American translation training school: Zednes: the premise of creating a training course, Richards: the theoretical basis of translation, Pound: the theory of translation in detail, and Weil: the contradiction of translation; the translation science school: Chomsky: the "inner" structure of language, Naida: the "inner" structure of language, and the "inner" structure of translation, and the "inner" structure of language, and the "inner" structure of language. "structure", Naida: generative grammar in translation, Wells: the science of translation, trends in German translation theory; Early School of Translation Studies: the influence of Russian formalism, Levi. Mikko and Popovich, Holmes, Lefebvre, Brock and Basnett; Pluralistic systemists: the disintegration of traditional linguistic and literary boundaries, Tonganov: the evolution of literature, Zohar: the connection of literature within the system, Toury: the target system; Deconstructionists: Foucault: deconstructing the original text, Heidegger: reconceptualizing nomenclature, Derrida: systematic deconstructivist theories, the influence of deconstructionist theories, Deconstruction and Creation of Translation. Contemporary Western translation theorists include Naida (three stages of development, the concept of reciprocity, the theory of inverse transformation), Catford (the linguistics of translation, the definition and classification of translation, the conditions of translation equivalence and translatability), Wells (translation as a science, translation as a communicative process, the definition and classification of translation methods, text types and principles of translation), Neumark (semantic structure, principles of translation, text types and Steiner (Translation as a process of understanding, translatability of language, steps of translation), Barhudarov (Definition and essence of translation, orientation of the theory of translation, semantics and translation, levels of translation), Fedorov, the translation theory of v. Komissarov, Murnan (Language and meaning, the theory of the "world image" and translatability, communication of meanings and translation), Komissarov's theory of translation, the theory of the "world image" and translation, the theory of the "world image" and translation, the theory of translation and translation. Murnan (language and meaning, theory of "image of the world" and translatability, communication of meaning and translation, translatability and limits), Seleskovitch and the French theory of interpretation (basic problems of interpretation, translation procedure and evaluation criteria, theory of interpretation and teaching of translation). In addition, contemporary Western translation theory is also typically reflected in post-colonialism and feminism and other "deconstruction as methodology", as well as a variety of translation theory focusing on the "discourse of power", the representative translation theorists include Simon, Barbara Goddard, Kate K. Kennedy and others. Typical translation theorists include Simon, Barbara Goddard, Kate Miller, Adrian Muller, and others. Representative translation theorists include Simeon, Barbara Goddard, Kate Millett, Adrian Ritchie, Mary B. Ritchie, and others. Adrian Ritchie, Mary Ellman, Sandra B. Ross. Mary Ellman, Sandra Gilbert, Soussan Gilbert. Gilbert, Suzanne Gerba, and Elena Gerba. Gerba and Elena Sisu. Sisu, Robinson, Basnet, Trivedi, Venuti, Ninanjana, Spivak, Homi. Gerba, Gentzler, Maria Timocic, Benjamin G. Timocik, Benjamin, Derrida, Paul De Man, Ouyang Zhen. Benjamin, Derrida, Paul De Man, Ouyang Zhenzhen, Luise Von Flotow, Denison Norman, Graham Joseph F, Van Gorp Hendrik, Asad Talal, Brisset Annie, De Lotbinière-Harwood Susanne, Cheyfitz Eric, Chamberlain Lori, Spivak, Homy Baba, Gentzler, Maria Timocik, Benjamin, Derrida, Paul. Chamberlain Lori, Spivack Gayatri Chakravorty, Niranjana Tejaswini, Mehrez Samia, Jacquemond Richard, Rafael Vicente L., Williams Patrick, Laura Chrisman, Vieira Else Ribeiro Pires, Sengupta Mahasweta, Lambert José, Franco Aixelā Javier, Von Flotow Luise, Kathleen Davis.