There are several types of classical Chinese in senior high school.

1. Please see the classified inversion sentence of classical Chinese in senior high school (prepositional object; Adverbial postposition; Attributive postposition; (1) Preposition objects such as preposition object 1 and pronoun preposition object in negative sentences must meet two conditions: first, the object must be a pronoun; Second, it must be a negative sentence, expressed by negative words such as "no", "no" and "mo".

In this case, pronoun objects should be placed before verbs and after negative words. For example, Say: "When I was three years old, I was willing to take care of you."

"Don't care about me" should be understood as "Don't care about me". Don't be too confident. Zou Ji satirized the remonstrance of the King of Qi and the Warring States policy. However, if you are not the king, you will have nothing.

I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. (that is, the symbol of the object in advance) "Shi Shuo" The ancient people can't be bullied! "The Story of Shi Zhongshan" Su Shi doesn't know that he is already happy, so (as long as) he is loyal (beautiful).

"Li Sao" Qu Yuan looks at the East and cries. Li couldn't bear to see the king's daughter herding sheep in the wild.

The future of Li's Liu Yichuan is unknown. History of Qi Huan and Mencius protect the people as kings, and there is no way to resist them.

The History of Qi Huan and Mencius are both unknown to my wife. Qi people have wives and concubines Mencius II. Pronoun preposition object in interrogative sentences In classical Chinese, interrogative pronouns such as "Who", "He", "Xi" and "An" are often placed before verbs.

For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Liang asked,' What is your majesty doing here?" "What the fuck" should be understood as "what the fuck". Is it me or Xu Hongmei? "Zou Ji satirizes the common people and the King of Qi" and "the Warring States Policy". What about pot calling the kettle black? Which of "I serve my country" and "Mencius" also applies to history? What's wrong with Happy Travel and Zhuangzi? "Happy Tour" and "Zhuangzi" are in the police station? "The Hongmen Banquet" and "Historical Records" are both rich in gold, so why not? I really did it, but what's to complain about? "Sacrifice to Twelve Langwen" Han Yu Dong Junting An Zai? "Liu Yichuan" Li ruthless Lang An in? Liu Yichuan, Li 3. Preposition prepositional object: In modern Chinese, prepositions are followed by objects to form an object-object structure, which is used to modify verb predicates. In classical Chinese, the preposition object is often placed before the preposition, forming the phenomenon of inverted sentences.

For example: "Yueyang Tower": "Guess! Who is Weiss? " "To whom" should be understood as "to whom". Why do you often entrust yourself to Zhao after the landslide? What's the difference between what you don't do and what you don't do? "Qi Huan Jin Wen Shi" < Mencius > My king is sick, how can he drum music? How can I hunt in the field? "Bao Zhuang meets Mencius" and "Mencius" Otherwise, why does the book stop here? The rest of the hongmen banquet and historical records are just remembered.

"Shi Zhongshan Ji" General Su Shi has no anger, and the autumn period lasts. Feng Wei? ; In order to protect itself, The Book of Songs is a trivial matter that cannot be wasted.

"Chen Qingbiao" Li Mi is a chef from afar. The History of Qi Huan and Mencius are both satires. Do you know their essence? Happy Travel and Zhuangzi 4. Special structure: use "zhi" and "Shi" to advance the object.

What was the ancient law of different religions in previous lives? What crime did Song Dynasty commit? (What's the crime of Song Guo? ) Obedience is listening to (idioms) and pursuing interests (idioms). "Feng Wanzhen" is followed by a horse, but brother and sister-in-law are asking you with "offering sacrifices to twelve lang" and Han. 5. Common prepositional objects In common prepositional objects, everyone should pay attention to the sense of language.

Preposition object summary In classical Chinese, the object of a verb or preposition is usually placed after the verb or preposition, but under certain conditions, the object will be placed before it. The conditions are as follows: 1. In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are used as objects and prepositional objects. In this kind of sentence, the object of a preposition is also a preposition.

Such as: "Is Pei Hongan there?" The key of this kind of sentence is interrogative pronouns (such as who, he, die, Hu, evil, An, Yan, etc. It is worth noting that the object of the preposition "one" is active, even if it is not an interrogative pronoun, it can be prepositioned.

For example, "the rest is to remember it and let people who observe it get it." (Liu Zongyuan's Snake Catcher) The word "yes" is a general pronoun, but it is also a preposition.

Second, in classical Chinese negative sentences, pronouns are used as objects and prepositions are used as objects. There are two points to pay attention to in this kind of sentence. One is negative sentences (there must be negative words such as "nothing", "nothing", "nothing", "nothing" and "nothing" in general sentences); Second, pronouns are used as objects.

For example, "it is impossible for people to make promises." (Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang) The normal word order should be "It is impossible for people to make promises."

Third, use "zhi" or "Shi" to bring the object before the verb in advance to emphasize the object. At this time, "zhi" is only a symbol of prepositional object, and it has no real meaning.

For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I don't understand it." (Han Yu Shi Shuo) Sometimes a range adverb "Wei" can be added before the preposition object to form "Wei".

Yes

"format.

Such as: "mercenary", "obedient" and so on. Fourthly, in addition to the first case, there is another case where preposition preposition objects are sometimes prepositioned when locative words and time words are used as objects; For example, "Ye Wen is sitting in the south."

("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") means "Ye Wen sits facing south" Lesson 5 Teaching content: inverted sentences-attributive postposition; The teaching goal of adverbial postposition is to enable students to judge what is attributive postposition and what is adverbial postposition sentence, and to translate it accurately.

Teaching implementation process: (2) Postposition of attribute: the phenomenon that the attribute was moved to the head word in ancient Chinese. There are generally three cases of attributive postposition: 1), head word+attribute+person or head word+zhi+attribute+person.

("Check in") People with loud voices are everywhere in the stone. (Shi Zhongshan Ji) How many people lost their ambition in the great castration? "Tombstone of Five husbands" Zhang Pu then led his descendants to bear the burden of three husbands.

"Yugong Yishan" 2), the central word+zhi+adjective (attribute) Earthworms have no advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink yellow water with their hearts. ("Persuade to Learn") The land of long hairpin is far away in Xi, and the crown was cut off by Cui Wei.

(Shejiang) How many people are there in the four seas? 3), the head word+quantifier (attribute) The horse is thousands of miles away, and it is a meal or a stone.

2. What are the urgently needed classical Chinese in high school? Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life.

But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese.

The writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was a child, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu was first a generation of scholars, proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and then a writer.

The world only knows that there is a besieged city, but it doesn't know that there is a cone; Liang Shiqiu is proficient in classics and a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and simple, but it is easy to put up, the usage of allusions is handy, and the music is wonderful. Liang's extensive reading and practical work are really amazing.

So, how can we learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? Here are some learning methods: First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences.

Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese.

Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article.

The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence. Third, learn the correct translation methods.

The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately.

Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself.

Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.

3. What works of classical Chinese in senior high school can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① Essays can be divided into two categories, one is to promote orthodoxy and Confucianism, such as The Original Road, Primitive Nature and Primitive Man; The other kind also has a more or less Ming Dow tendency, but it focuses on reflecting reality and creating dissatisfaction. Moreover, many articles have a kind of anti-vulgar and anti-traditional power, and have a strong emotional tendency in writing, such as the most representative Shi Shuo and Ma Shuo.

2 Essays, compared with essays, essays are more free and casual, long or short, Zhuang or harmonic, and essays vary from thing to thing and have their own uses. For example, "Jin Xuejie" uses questions and answers for irony, and the full text uses rhetoric and prose for comparison and confrontation, so the writing is relaxed and lively.

The most famous essays are those that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as ZaShuo and Huo, which are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value. (3) Preface (that is, the gift preface) is concise and ingenious, showing all kinds of feelings about the real society, such as the postscript to Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, the preface to seeing off Li Pangu and the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye.

In addition, Han Yu also showed outstanding material narrative ability in biographies and epitaphs, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Epitaph of Liu Zihou.