Why is the Mid-Autumn Festival in Jinan dedicated to the Rabbit King?

On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival, festivals and customs of offering sacrifices to the moon, appreciating the moon and eating moon cakes are rich and colorful all over the country. In Jinan, the older generation has the custom of offering sacrifices to the "rabbit king" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. In Lao She's novel Four Generations under One roof, he once described the appearance of "Rabbit King". So why should Jinan Mid-Autumn Festival be dedicated to "Rabbit King"? Today's almanac is for you.

"There is no rouge on the face, only a thin line is drawn on the three-petal mouth. It is red, painted with oil, and its two slender white ears are painted with light red; In this way, the rabbit's face presents a handsome appearance, as if it were Huang Tianba in the rabbit. Its upper body is wearing a scarlet robe, and below its waist are green leaves and pink flowers. Every leaf fold and every petal is carefully dyed into a bright and even color, which makes the green leaves and safflower shine. " -Lao She's Four Generations under One Family

Lao She described the Rabbit King in Four Generations under One roof, which was popular in Jinan and Beijing at that time. According to folklore experts, old Jinan used to live in quadrangles and miscellaneous hospitals. On the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, there was a sacrificial table in the quadrangle, with melons, pears and peaches on it to prepare for the Mid-Autumn Festival. More specifically, the "Rabbit King" should be put on the sacrificial table as a rabbit god. After the worship, the rabbit king became a toy in the children's hands.

Moreover, in the past, every Mid-Autumn Festival in Jinan, a main street from Plymen in Jinan to Jing Shun Lane was filled with stalls selling "Bunny King", which attracted countless citizens to watch and buy like lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first month, becoming a grand scene of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

There is a legend in Jinan about the origin of Rabbit King. It is said that there were 180 springs underground in Jinan in the early days, and some Grimer soup was thrown out, which made water everywhere dirty and damp, and poor children got sores and got sick.

People say grandma moon has medicine, but she doesn't treat the poor, only a few rich people. Ren Han, a young man living in Jinan, wanted to help the poor, so on August 15, his grandmother's birthday, he celebrated his birthday with the old monk, entered the Guanghan Palace, got help from the gods and stole medicine cakes.

At this time, there was a thick cloud outside the palace. I found a cloud eye, only the mouth of the bowl was big, and I couldn't get out. At this time, the bell rang in the palace and the birthday party was over. Grandma Moon will come out to see Fujian soon, and she was already dead when she saw it. It is really urgent.

At this time, the white rabbit beside the fairy spoke: "Now only by sacrificing myself, peeling off my skin and putting it on the teenager can I become a white rabbit like me." Say that finish, a bump on the door of the Guanghan Palace, died.

For the poor in Jinan, Ren Han took rabbit skin and put it on his body, turned it into a rabbit shape, and took a bunch of medicine cakes out of the cloud, which happened to land in an alley in Jinan. He was worried that there was no way to distribute the medicine to the poor quickly, and it would be bad if Grandma Moon found out that she would take it back.

At this moment, Ren Han suddenly heard the sound of the spring. He had a brainwave and thought of a way to put the medicine cake in the eyes of seventy-two springs. These springs immediately became clear and sweet, becoming seventy-two springs in Jinan. After being washed by spring water, the medicine cake flowed everywhere and spread all over Jinan overnight. The next day, the rice cooked in every pot in every family was delicious, and all the people with sores recovered after eating it.

Later, although people didn't know that Ren Han went to the Guanghan Palace to steal the fairy medicine, they remembered that a white rabbit fell from the sky on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, bringing many medicine cakes and saving the lives of all the people in Jinan. So on this day, every household makes snacks into medicine cakes to support a mud rabbit god. Over time, people call the rabbit god the rabbit king; In Jinan dialect, medicine is homophonic with the moon, and over time, medicine cakes become moon cakes.

The legend of the rabbit king has been circulating among the people for a long time, but what is the real history? Zhou Bingsheng, the inheritor of Jinan Rabbit King's intangible cultural heritage, said that Rabbit King first appeared in the Qing Dynasty and flourished in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In its heyday, there were more than 30 rabbit king production enterprises in Jinan, such as Mijia, Jiejia, Zhangjia and Zhou Jia, which concentrated in Tang Sheng Lane wholesale and moved to Shunhe Street after liberation.

At that time, most merchants spread white cloth on the square table, and put the Bunny King of different sizes and shapes into "Bunny Mountain". During the Mid-Autumn Festival, King Bunny can be seen at every fruit stall from Plymen to Jing Shun Street. Most people buy a few, and then take watermelons and moon cakes back to worship. After the worship, Bunny King became the best toy for children.

In the sixties and seventies of last century, because of "breaking the capitalism", all the ancestral rabbit king molds were destroyed and closed for many years. It was not until the 1980s that some old artists picked up this traditional craft again. At that time, Rabbit King also went to Beijing to participate in an exhibition, which received rave reviews and was later collected by China Folk Art Museum.

The "rabbit king" in Jinan usually uses the yellow river clay embryo, with helmet, lens, pompon, ears, arms and spear head, dried and coated with white powder. Now in Jinan, there are two famous "rabbit kings". One is the "King Rabbit of Zhou" which has been passed down for four generations since the end of Qing Dynasty, representing the traditional appearance of the King Rabbit, and the successor is Zhou Bingsheng.

The second is the "Quancheng Bunny King" in Furong Street, which represents the modern innovation of Bunny King. His works combine myths, legends and historical materials, and incorporate many local characteristics of Jinan, mainly with tourist commemorative gifts featuring Quancheng. Yang Feng is the head of the family.

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