What is the cultural heritage of Mongolia?

One of Mongolia's cultural heritage - Bogda Khan Palace Museum

Bogda Khan Palace is located in Mongolia's capital city of Ulaanbaatar, the southern outskirts of the Bogda Khan Mountain, Mongolia's supreme religious leader of the VIII Bogda - Zhebzun Damba live and carry out the activities of political and religious places. Bogda Khan Palace was built in 1893, using the combination of Mongolian and Tibetan cultural styles and ancient Chinese architecture, representing the level of science and technology of construction at that time, occupying an important position in the architectural history of Mongolia and having a high research value, and it is one of the most important historical monuments in Mongolia. 1924, Bogda Khan Palace was transformed into a national museum, collecting the living objects used by Bogda Khan, In 1924, Bogda Khan's Palace was transformed into the National Museum, which collects the living objects used by Bogda Khan, religious artifacts and some Mongolian traditional paintings from the 17th to 20th centuries.

Mongolian Cultural Heritage--Huomei

"Huomei", also known as "HaoLin-ChaoLe", is a Mongolian polyphonic form of chor. It is a form of Mongolian polyphonic chor singing, a kind of "throat sound" art. Using special vocal techniques, one person sings two parts at the same time, forming a rare polyphonic form. The singer uses a closed-breath technique to make the breath hit the vocal folds violently, producing a thick, bubbly sound that forms the bass voice. On top of that, skillfully adjusting the oral **** sound, strengthening and focusing the overtones, singing a transparent and clear, with a metallic sound of the high cause of the vocal part, to obtain an incomparable wonderful sound effect.

About the production of huomei, the Mongolians have a peculiar saying: the ancient ancestors in the mountains, see the activities of the river branches, waterfalls, mountain valley should be moving, sound dozens of miles, they will be imitated, and then produced the huomei. The Mongolian people in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang still have hula. The repertoire of the huomei is not particularly rich due to the limitation of special singing techniques. Generally speaking, there are the following three types: one is to sing the beautiful natural scenery, such as "Altai Mountains Ode", "Ebu River Water" and so on; the second is to show and simulate the lovely image of wild animals, such as "Cuckoo Bird", "Black Walking Bear" and so on, retaining the music of the period of the mountain forest hog hunting culture remains; the third is to praise the horses and grasslands, such as the "four year old sea bay horse" and so on. In terms of its musical style, the huomei is dominated by short-toned music, but it can also sing some short long-toned songs, and there are not many of these repertoires. From the legend of the huomei, as well as the content of the subject matter of the repertoire, "throat singing" this form of singing, when the Mongolian hunting culture of the mountains and forests of the period of the excellent cultural heritage.

Mongolian cultural heritage--Mongolian medicine

Since ancient times, the Mongolian people have lived a nomadic, hunting life by the water and grass, in the perennial struggle with the cold, damp, wind and snow and other natural disasters and diseases, and constantly accumulated practical experience in medical care, on the basis of which, absorbing the Tibetan medicine and some of the basic theories of Indian medicine, and combining the local folk remedies and western medical knowledge to form a unique national medicine. On this basis, it has absorbed part of the basic theories of Tibetan medicine and Indian medicine, and combined them with local folk remedies and western medical knowledge to form a unique national medicine. The Mongolian medicine industry is the advantageous industry of the pharmaceutical industry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Mongolian medicine is the natural medicine with national characteristics, popular among the people in the ethnic areas, and with unique curative effect in the traditional medicine of China.

Mongolian medicine has a wide range of medicines, including plants, animals, minerals and chemicals, but the vast majority of them are still taken from wild plants. Over the past 40 years, the autonomous region has organized an in-depth survey of the species and classification of Mongolian medicinal plants, geographic distribution, ecological environment, reserves, traditional medicinal experience and many other aspects of the collection of a large number of specimens of Mongolian medicinal plants to organize the identification of Mongolian medicinal plants to determine the varieties of Mongolian medicinal plants 945 kinds of species, of which 732 kinds of herbs used by both Mongolian and Mongolian medicine, Mongolian medicine, 87 kinds of special medicinal herbs, animal drugs and minerals 250 kinds of medicines, a total of **** up to 1195 species. Most of these plants survive in environments that are extreme for living creatures (e.g., alpine and arid), and plants in extreme environments usually produce some special substances by metabolic pathways to enhance their resistance to harsh environments and maintain the continuation of the species. According to statistical analysis, these medicinal plants surviving in extreme environments mostly have the ability to nourish and strengthen, activate blood circulation, enhance the body's resistance to hypoxia, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging. Due to the characteristics of nomadic people and the unique functions of plants in extreme environments, Mongolian medicines in their long history have formed some characteristics different from those of other national botanicals, with the breath and characteristics of the Mongolian Plateau. For example, the theory of Chinese medicine believes that saffron has the effect of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, promoting menstruation and breaking blood. And the theory of Mongolian medicine believes that saffron has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling the blood and clearing the heart. Especially the unique Mongolian medicinal herbs grown on the Mongolian Plateau have remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis B, respiratory system and difficult diseases such as geriatrics and cancer, with little toxic side effects and low cost. There is a crossover between the herbs used in Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine, but due to the difference in drug theory systems, the same herbs produce different effects under the guidance of different theories. For centuries, Mongolian medicine has played an important role in safeguarding the health and reproduction of the nation as the main means of disease prevention and treatment for the Mongolian and northern ethnic minorities.

Mongolian Long Songs, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

On November 25, 2005, UNESCO announced the third batch of "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" at its headquarters in Paris, and China declared "China's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". On November 25, 2005, UNESCO announced the third batch of "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" at its headquarters in Paris, with China's Xinjiang Uyghur Mukam Art and the Mongolian Long Tune Folk Songs jointly declared by China and Mongolia being honored on the list. "This is the first time that China and a foreign country have jointly declared the same intangible cultural heritage to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Mongolian folk songs have existed since the formation of the Mongolian people. Mongolian folk songs are closely related to the steppe and the nomadic lifestyle of the Mongolian people, carrying the history of the Mongolian people, and are the iconic demonstration of the production life and spiritual character of the Mongolian people. Mongolian folk songs are also a cross-border culture. China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Mongolia are the most important cultural distribution areas of Mongolian folk songs.

Mongolian long tune is called "Uzhtudao" in Mongolian, meaning long song, which is characterized by few words, high and long, soothing and free, suitable for narrative, but also long for lyrics; lyrics are generally two lines each, the content is mostly about the grassland, horses, camels, cows and goats, the blue sky, white clouds, rivers, lakes, etc. The Mongolian long tune is characterized by a distinctive wandering style, with a strong sense of humor. Mongolian long tune with distinctive characteristics of nomadic culture and unique singing form of the Mongolian people on the history and culture, human customs, morality, philosophy and artistic insights, so it is known as the "living fossil of grassland music".

November 28, Culture Minister Sun Jiazheng said: China and Mongolia **** together will "Mongolia long tune folk song" successfully declared "oral and intangible heritage of mankind masterpiece". In the next 10 years, the two countries will cooperate in the preservation of Mongolian folk songs, and ****together they will coordinate the preservation measures to make the preservation work better. Sun Jiazheng pointed out that although China and Mongolia have protected the folk songs to the best of their ability according to their national realities and achieved certain results, the overall decline of the long tune folk songs has not been fundamentally curbed. The localized, segmented or piecemeal approach to the protection of Changtong folk songs is far from being able to cope with the various challenges and impacts it faces. China has proposed to join hands with Mongolia to nominate the Mongolian folk songs as "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". The Mongolian government responded positively to the Chinese proposal. In nearly a year's time, China and Mongolia carried out a number of different levels of communication, consultation, inspection and joint text production and a series of work on the joint declaration, and finally completed the heavy and intense declaration work within the time limit set by the United Nations. Sun Jiazheng said that in the future, the two countries will carry out close and effective joint actions in the field investigation, research, protection methods, protection measures of Mongolian long tune folk songs, etc. In May 2006, Mongolian long tune was selected as one of the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage list.