Ewenki folk customs and traditions?

The Ewenki is a nation that can sing and dance well. The Ewenki people who live in Sama Street will put on their national costumes and dance the cheerful and rough "Nuzhile" or "Ahanbo" dance in every festive season. And emerged a large number of dance, vocal, literature and other talents.

(1)Clothing

Old Zalantun region Ewenke hunters' clothing is mainly made of roe deer skin and other animal skins, in addition, birch bark summer hat is a major feature of the national costume. Birch bark hat for a block of birch bark rolled into a cone, with twine connected up, like a hat, mainly used for sun and rain.

Today, Ewenki people's costumes are the same as Han's, but some of the older people still want to wear the traditional leather robe, on festive occasions or major occasions, the young people with the national costume, but the fabric is mostly satin.

(2)Diet

Ewenke hunters like to eat meat, mainly beast meat, which is mostly roe deer meat, followed by deer, jail, bear and wild boar meat. There are many ways to eat meat, such as "Dala Garan" (burned meat), meat thrown on the coals of the fire; "Silalan" (roast meat), cut the meat into chunks or strips and put it in a pot to cook, "A period of root" (raw food), mainly for the Ewenki hunters. Eat raw), mainly eat roe deer, deer and other livers and kidneys; "Kuhule" (sun-dried cooked meat), cut the cooked meat into pieces and dry them in the sun. Nowadays, Ewenke hunter's diet is gradually the same with the local Han Chinese residents, but still like to eat wild animals and wild vegetables and other meat.

(3) Residence

Zalantun Ewenki hunters used to live in the mountains and forests and near the river, mainly for hunting, no fixed place, generally live in "Mukoleng". After settling down, the houses and interiors are basically the same as those of local Han Chinese residents.

(4)Etiquette

Ewenke people pay much attention to etiquette. Elderly people are generally respected by the society, young people see elders, the first salute to greet and honor cigarettes. Let the elders sit first, drink wine, please elders open, eat meat, let elders first knife, start to let the elders go first; such as riding on a horse, then dismounted to ask for peace, and then sideways to let the old man go first. Between the eldest and youngest adhere to strict etiquette, meet each other to greet each other, mutual respect, to big bully small, strong bully for this nation abhorred.

Ewenke people are very hospitable. They often say: "foreigners will not go behind their own house". Therefore, no matter whether they are guests of their own nation or guests of other nations, when they come to their own house, the hosts think it is a great joy, and enthusiastically let the guests come to the house, let the guests sit in the VIP seats, and offer tea and cigarettes to them. For guests from afar, they are also treated with rich meat and good wine.

(5)Surname

Ewenke people have been divided into three major parts in history, namely, "Yakutia" which is engaged in hunting, "Tungus" which is mainly engaged in pastoral production and "Soren" which is engaged in agricultural production in Nenjiang River Basin. "Solon". Their family name is based on the name of the clan, but also due to the different places of residence are different. The main surnames of Ewenki people in Samar Street are: Ogdudu Tu Gedun, Nige Mixed Tu Gedun Jane Tu; Ogdudu Durar, Nisu Mixed Durar, Xie Pan Durar, Zuo Ran Durar Jane Du; Nahata, Bule Jiguer Jane Bu; Samakir Jane Sa; Mongolia Le Datu, Hei Ge Te Datu Jane Dai; Ogdudu He Yin, Yige Jizhi He Yin Jane He; Ige Jizhi Jane Yi; Bai Gerzhi Jane White; Guarjia Jane Guo. Jane surnamed Guo, etc.

(6) Traditional arts

>>> dance

Ewenke language is also known as "Eheileg", "Eheileren". The main dances of Ewenki are Ewenki Dance, Zhehuileng Dance, and Aidahahiileng Dance, etc. These dances are rhythmic and powerful. These dances are rhythmic and powerful, with harmonious and beautiful foot movements and upper body postures, together with rhythmic hooting sounds, which constitute the characteristics of Ewenki dances.

There is another kind of dance called "Nu Jing Le", which is mostly participated by Ewenki women. This kind of dance has strong movement, strong rhythm, the movement of feet is more prominent, and the Ewenki style is thicker.

>>>Songs

Ewenki people have been living in the forests, grasslands and fields for a long time, and they have created a large number of songs reflecting hunting, gathering, planting, social interaction, love between men and women, marriage and religious ceremonies--"Zaendaren". They include hunting songs, pastoral songs, love songs, wine songs, shaman songs, etc. Besides, there are also songs of escaping marriage and resisting conscription, which are relatively rich in content. Ewenki songs have beautiful metaphors, sincere and touching lyrics, and simple and bold verses. The rhyme scheme is mainly based on the first rhyme, and the double lines have one rhyme, and the rhyme scheme of each ballad is varied, which is easy to be sung in an improvised way.

(7)Marriage

Ewenke people basically follow the monogamous system, the difference is that there are the phenomena of "clan marriage" and "aunt and uncle cousin". The phenomenon of "aunt and uncle cousins" is the intermarriage between aunt and cousin siblings, and the right of preferential marriage. After a woman is married, if a girl is born in her mother-in-law's house, she likes to marry her uncle's family, commonly known as "returning the bones". Ewenke people's historical custom of marriage, in essence, is the marriage between two clans, and then gradually developed to intermarry with foreign tribes. Intermarriage with foreigners has long been customized, Sama Street Ewenki and foreigners have been more than half of the intermarriage.

The Ewenki people have the habit of going into the family. The parents of both sides after many consultations, without gifts, the groom will be sent by the man to the woman's home, everyone in the bride's home to have fun, the marriage is considered complete. The bridegroom has the right to use and inherit the old man's property and to keep his own family name, just like his siblings.

Ewenki women choose their spouses, not to be poor or rich as the standard, but mainly to see the labor ability, social reputation and character is correct, hate unfaithful and unfilial, against the words and deeds are not the same.

The marriage procedure in the history of Ewenki people is roughly divided into three stages: courtship, engagement and marriage. When proposing marriage, a respected matchmaker must be hired, and after the matchmaker's running around, the marriage can be determined; engagement, the male party should send livestock, wine, production tools, gold and silver jewelry and so on according to their own economic status, and set up a banquet, *** with the celebration, wishing each other the good fortune of the engagement; the marriage etiquette is more complicated, due to the difference between the residence of regional differences, the Ewenke people of Sama Street and the Ewenke Autonomous Banner, the south of Tuen Mun, the Ewenke people of the Ewenke Autonomous Banner. The marriage ceremony of Ewenki people is more or less the same, there are mainly the main ceremonies such as building a new house, welcoming the bride, making things difficult for the man, dining with the bride and the groom and entertaining the guests, and so on.

(8)Funeral

The Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, the city (flag) in the territory of the Ewenke people died, more placed in the tree to implement the wind burial, so that the body hangs on the tree branches, landed on the ground with a cremation or digging and burying. After the establishment of new China, the Ewenki funeral customs in the territory of the same with the Han Chinese