What are the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province?

There are 65,438+06 officially recognized ethnic tribes in Taiwan Province Province, namely:

1. Atayal, Bunun, Zou, Paiwan, Shao and Ami;

2. Taroko, Sacile Ya, Peinan, Sedek, Kamalan (now Pingpu), La Harroy, Kanakanaf live in the east of Taiwan Province Island, and Dawu lives in the affiliated island of Lan Yu.

At present, 14 ethnic groups have their own languages and cultures, with a total population of about 500,000 people, including Yami (Dawu), Ami, Kalmalan, Sacile Ya, Penang, Taroko, Atayal, Shao, Bunun, Saidek, Zou, Rukai and Paiwan. Therefore, Taiwan Province Province has become a "paradise for anthropologists to study".

Introduction of some ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province:

First of all, the Atayal people

The social organization of the Atayal people usually consists of about 65,438+00 households, forming a tribe of the same clan; Its system takes the nuclear family as the main body and implements monogamy (the woman lives in her husband's family); A blood clan group that divides the same family into separate families is called Gaga, and the most prestigious clan leader is elected as the leader.

Gaga members are all men, and they are religious and agricultural sacrifice groups with the same distribution of sacrifice, hunting and sacrifice. Based on this, his religious belief formed a supernatural belief in ancestor worship.

The traditional Atayal society lives by hunting and burning farmland, and the settlements are mainly concentrated villages. Generally speaking, social organizations of Atayal can be divided into the following four categories:

(1) Tribal organization

The formation of its tribe is based on consanguinity, centered on paternal line, and brothers form joint family, and their property and houses are jointly owned. People who are smart, brave, intelligent and capable of leadership are tribal leaders. When the tribe has important matters, the leader calls the elders' meeting to make decisions. There is no leader in the Atayal society, which was created for the convenience of rule by the Japanese during their invasion of Taiwan Province. )

(2) Sacrificial groups

A family combination with the same object of sacrifice, such as a group formed for ancestor sacrifice.

(3) * * * Guilty Group (gaga)

This is a group that abides by precepts and norms. The Atayal people call it Gaga (commonly known as the sacrificial group). Gaga is a social norm, a discipline of the daily life customs of the Atayal people, and the most binding and public authority group. It can be regarded as the highest defender and judge of Atayal social behavior ethics and social laws.

(4) Hunting groups

In the same hunting group, when hunting collectively, everyone will work together and enjoy * * * * delicious food * * *.

The members of these four groups have overlapping characteristics. In different tribes, the sacrificial groups may be larger than the hunting groups, and other tribes may have hunting groups larger than any other groups. There are considerable differences from place to place, so we can't generalize. Among these four groups, gaga has attracted the most attention from academic circles because of its most special nature, and has become the research topic of many scholars.

Second, Xia Sai nationality.

Saisiyat, a native of Taiwan Province Province, is located in the mountainous area on the west side of the central mountain range in northern Taiwan Province Province, at the junction of Hsinchu and Miaoli counties. It is deeply influenced by Atayal and Hakka cultures and is famous for its short-lived spiritual sacrifice. It is divided into northern group and Atayal mixed group (Wufeng Township, Hsinchu County) with the ridge line of E Gong Ji Mountain and Hengping Beishan Mountain as the boundary. Southern Group and Hakka people live together (Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County).

Xiasai language

The language of Xia Sai is divided into two dialects: North and South. According to linguists' speculation, it is an older Austronesian language family, which may have appeared earlier in Taiwan Province Province. In order to adapt to the local social environment, most Xia Sai people can speak Mandarin, and even use it as their daily language, but their own ethnic language is gradually forgotten. However, because the government realized the importance of various national languages, it began to implement "national language certification" to gradually restore the number of people who use this Xia Sai language.

(B) Xia Sai clothing construction

Clothing is mainly woven from linen itself. The vest is sewn by folding two pieces of linen in half, with knitting patterns on the front and back (knitting threads of different colors are sandwiched in the knitting process to form geometric patterns), a black headscarf on the head, and a knee-high double-breasted coat, which is sewn by folding two pieces of linen in half and facing forward.

Waist skirts are men's thongs and women's dark cotton leggings, usually with small bells at the lower edge. Others include arms, legs, wrists, headdresses and waist ornaments.

Most houses in Xia Sai are located on hillsides or small terraces. Because they live in areas rich in trees and bamboo forests, bamboo and wood are the main building materials, supplemented by rattan.

Three. Bunun nationality

Bunun, also translated as Bunun, is a group of aborigines in Taiwan Province Province, mainly living in mountainous areas above 1500m. Bunong people are a group with the largest population mobility and the strongest extensibility among the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province.

The traditional concept of years and months of Bunun nationality is divided according to the growth of millet. For farming or hunting, Bunun people decide the time according to the withering of plants and the surplus and deficiency of the moon. Bunun is an imaginative people. The national characteristics are:

(1) Natural Harmony: Harmony singing of Bunun people is everywhere, and all drinking songs and gun-offering songs are harmonious expressions. Even four or five-year-old children can sing Bunun folk songs harmoniously.

(2) A leaderless social organization headed by family elders: In addition to the annual ear-shooting festival and war, the social operation of Bunun people generally takes the family as a complete unit, and the elders of the two families are the decision makers of affairs, and their status in the family is highly respected.

(3) Musical instrument playing mode of ensemble: Bunun people not only keep a variety of traditional musical instruments, but also hear the voices of different musical instruments or the same musical instrument ensemble from time to time.

A symbolic attitude towards life:

1, the image of the full moon-bumper harvest.

2, the lack of the moon-a symbol of disappearance (pest control, weeding).

3, topping-the significance of the rapid growth of millet.

4. Swing-Xiaomi is as tall as the swing.

(5) Anthropomorphic Xiaomi: Xiaomi has a soul, five senses and can move, so it is particularly respected. There are also father Xiaomi and son Xiaomi. Father Xiaomi has five ears and manages the growth of his son Xiaomi.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia Taiwan Province Province