Who are the five outstanding figures of Qi State? Where does this question come from?

╰つ℡ Sketch Back to Level 3 During the Spring and Autumn Period of 2009-08-07, Qi Huangong made great efforts to govern Guan Zhong. He repaired politics at home, reformed in an all-round way, respected the king abroad and continued to survive. In the end, he joined the princes and conquered the world, becoming the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. The acquisition of hegemony has a lot to do with Huan Gong's enlightenment, but it is also inseparable from Guan Zhong's strategy. Sima Qian once made a very high evaluation of Guan Zhong's role in Historical Records: "Qi Huangong used the skills of tyrants and nine kings to conquer the world, and Guan Zhong's plan was also." As the saying goes, a hero has three gangs, and the flames are high when everyone collects firewood. There is often a powerful group behind a hero. Although Guan Zhong is a genius in the world, he is no exception. It is precisely with a group of outstanding talents who have their own strengths and dedication that they closely unite around Guan Zhong and faithfully and creatively implement the decisions of Huan Gong and Guan Zhong, and finally Huan Gong's hegemony is successful. As early as in Qi Huangong, Guan Zhong wanted to be his friend, so he recommended "Five Masters" to Huan Gong. Guan zhong put forward: "to build a building, you must never rely on a piece of wood;" The sea can never be merged by a few trickles. In order to achieve great things, we must appoint five excellent people-code of conduct, moderation in advance and retreat, and flexibility in speech. I'm not as good as Peng Ji. Please appoint him to be in charge of foreign affairs for a big company; I might as well fill the sea to build a city, store grain and increase the population. Please appoint him as the chief field officer in charge of agricultural production. On the vast Yuan Ye, the chariots are not chaotic, the soldiers are not retreating, and the drums command the soldiers to die. I might as well be the father of the prince. Please appoint him as Fu and commander-in-chief of the three armed forces. I'm not as good as Bing Xu Wu. He can judge cases reasonably and fairly, not killing innocent people and falsely accusing them. Please appoint him as a senior manager in charge of justice and criminal law. I'm not as good as Dong Guoya, who dares to do things, does not avoid death, and does not seek money. Please appoint him as the minister of remonstrance, who is in charge of remonstrance. In Qiang Bing, a rich country, these five are enough. If you want to achieve the cause of overlord, you must have me. " After listening to Guan Zhong's suggestion, Huan Gong appointed five people to perform their duties and worship Guan Zhong as their relatives, forming a powerful leading group. Later, it was proved that this collective leadership was wise in decision-making, pragmatic and capable, which enhanced the comprehensive national strength of Qi State and won unanimous praise from the Zhou royal family, vassal States and their own people. The records of Cheng Fu and Bin in the history books are very limited, and their life stories are unknown. Peng Ji, Ning Qi and Dong Guoya were recorded in the history books, leaving outstanding historical achievements. After becoming a "treasury", that is, foreign minister, he was able to carry out his work according to the declining situation of the Zhou Dynasty and the chaotic situation in the world at that time, as well as the general goal of the State of Qi to be king and respect the king, which made the foreign policy and diplomatic activities of the State of Qi a great success, thus making himself among the famous diplomats in the Spring and Autumn Period. Before 65 1 year, shortly after Qi Huangong called the Kuiqiu meeting, civil strife broke out in the state of Jin. Peng Ji commanded allied governors to pacify the chaos in the state of Jin, and together with Qin Mugong, made Duke A Jin the monarch, for the sake of Gong Hui in the state of Jin. On behalf of Qi State, he also presided over the negotiations between Jin State and Rongdi to resist the invasion and plunder of the Central Plains countries by ethnic minorities. He also joined the governors to build a city in Yuanling, and moved the Qi State invaded by Jingchu, Huai, Yi and other countries to settle here. Guan Zhong later commented that Peng Ji had a broad vision and could ask questions with an open mind. Can cultivate people with kindness, be cautious in words and deeds; He can distinguish between public and private, benevolence and morality. On his deathbed, he solemnly recommended Peng Ji as the heir of Huan Gong, and thought that Peng Ji was a talent who could honor and disgrace the people according to changes and make the country long-term stability. When Ning Qi became the field manager, he was fully responsible for the agricultural production of Qi. At that time, in Qi, agriculture was the weak link, but it was also the foundation of a country's economy. Under the management of Ningqi, the agriculture of Qi has developed greatly, and the cultivated land area of Qi has been increased quickly, with high grain output and prosperous livestock. He faithfully carried out Guan Zhong's decision of "using the land to decline", which greatly improved farmers' enthusiasm for production; He also advocated "scientific farming" and summarized many very valuable production management experiences. He himself is an expert in agricultural science and technology, and China's earliest monograph on animal husbandry, Cattle Breeding Classic, is his masterpiece. What's more commendable is that under Bao's reminder, he didn't take credit, and always maintained a modest and prudent style, which won the hearts of the people. There has always been controversy about Dongguo Cliff. According to the mouths of Huan Gong and Guan Zhong, it is considered that the Dongguo post that Qi wants to cut Ju is Dongguo Cliff. We think there is something wrong with Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, and Dongguo Cliff is really a masterpiece. Bao is a man with both civil and military skills. He made great contributions to the political struggle for the throne of Qi Huangong. However, Bao did not rely on merit. Duke Huan wanted to worship him as a relative, but he refused to accept it, but strongly recommended Guan Zhong, saying, "If we must govern the country, it is beyond my power, and it is for Guan Yi." And compare their talents with Guan Zhong from five aspects, and advise Huan Gong to take Guan Zhong as his counterpart in order to make great achievements. (Guan Zi Xiao Kuang) This shows that Bao is selfless and knowledgeable. Guan Zhong once said, "My parents know the steamed stuffed bun." (Biography of Historical Records of Yan Guan) Bao's most striking feature is his outspoken temperament. He can "know the good (and bad) people of the monarch and ministers" and correct the rule of Huan Gong. Huan Gong often shows pride after his success and feels that he is comparable to Yao Shun. Once, he told Bao that he wanted to send someone to cast a big clock to commemorate his achievements. Bao disagreed. He put Huan Gong to shame and said, "If you hadn't criticized me in time, I would have made a big mistake sooner or later." On another occasion, Huan Gong, Guan Zhong, Bao and Ning Qi were drinking together. When he was drunk, Huan Gong said to Bao Shu Ya, "Why don't you get up and propose a toast for me?" Bao got up from the cup and said, "Don't forget when you exiled Juzhou, when you tied Guan Zhong to Lu, and when Ning Qi was feeding cows under the car." After leaving, Huan Gong said, "If these two doctors and I can't forget you, there will be no dangerous country." More than 200 years later, Confucius and his students discussed the most talented people and ministers and said, "Qi has Bao Shu and Zheng has Zi Pi." And further commented: "Those who know the sages are also; Those who push the sages are benevolent; Enlighten the wise, be righteous. With these three things, what's more? " This shows that Confucius spoke highly of Bao. The five masters performed their duties, gave full play to their ambitions and talents, and finally achieved the prosperity of Qi State, enriched the country and the people, and created the first hegemony, which gained great fame. The reason is inseparable from Guan Zhong's thought of employing people, which is eclectic, selecting talents and appointing talents, and making good use of people. From the historical facts of five outstanding figures, we can get a glimpse of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people in order to draw lessons from our talent work today. It is the core idea of Guan Zhong's employment thought to recommend talents for public interests and choose talents from the perspective of career. The most important reason why Guan Zhong recommended the Five Masters to Huan Gong was the need for hegemony. Guan Zhong realized that it was not enough to rely solely on the support of Huan Gong and his own plan to establish hegemony, and a large number of talents needed to work together. Without concrete actions, it is difficult to support the correct decision, and a large number of doers are needed to implement the solution; Thinking about hegemony is a systematic project, and it is not enough to have talents on the one hand. We also need talents in politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy and law. Based on this, Guan recommended five outstanding artists to Huan Gong. Among these five outstanding figures, except Bao is his old friend, others have little contact with him. For example, Ning Qi, a foreigner, has never seen Guan Zhong. Therefore, Guan Zhong inherited the tradition of "respecting talents and valuing merits" established since Qi Dynasty, completely abandoned the factors of selfishness and personal feelings, and truly realized that the country is the master of its own affairs, selfless, and choosing talents for the country. Paying attention to the group effect of talents is a major feature of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people. Guan Zhong recommended the five great masters because of a subconscious idea that a person's ability is limited, and to achieve great things, he must rely on a strong team and a group full of wisdom as the foundation. Guan Zhong's talents are comprehensive, but he is not willful. He does everything himself. But broad-minded, willing to recommend talents and give full play to their abilities. This not only shows that Guan Zhong's moral character is noble and tolerant, but also shows that Guan Zhong's wisdom is superior. We can see this better by comparing Yan Ying, Zhuge Liang and Guan Zhong in later generations. Although Yan Ying also recommended talents such as Tian Rangcha and Tai Shang Huang for the country, he can't compare with Guan Zhong in terms of the quantity and quality of talents. Even the narrow-mindedness shown in Two Taos Killing Three Scholars and No Hole in Advice is not the same as the broad-mindedness of Yi Ya and Fang in Guanzhong period. Although Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong, his hands-on style in big and small matters reflected a heavy heart, which was quite different from Guan Zhong's elegant and willing shopkeeper. In short, it is not a skill for leaders to reuse one or two people. Reuse a group of people and pay attention to the group effect. This is the real skill. It's a small matter for a hero to stand out from the crowd. He can bring out a hero group, a group of top experts, and he is the real hero. On the basis of emphasizing morality, paying more attention to the ability of talents is the key to Guan Zhong's thought of employing people. When Guan Zhong recommended five masters to Huan Gong, he didn't talk about the virtues of five people in Rory's verbosity, but came straight to the point and simply talked about the talents of five people. This is not to say that Guan Zhong does not attach importance to morality, but that Guan Zhong can pay equal attention to morality and pay more attention to energy. This fully embodies Guan Zhong's generous and pragmatic political style and his meritocracy. In Guan Zhong's view, the most important personal morality is public morality, that is, starting a business for the country and the people; The most important personal talent is the ability to govern the country, that is, the ability and talent to start a business for the country and the people. No matter how excellent a person's personal qualities are, if he does not have the ability to serve the country and develop his career, he cannot be considered a great virtue; No matter how strong a person's personal ability is, he can't be great without public morality. In a sense, a big country is a great virtue, and the two are dialectical unity. Based on this, Guan Zhong deliberately neglected to talk about the virtues of five people in front of Huan Gong, but focused on their abilities. Guan Zhong, who also attached importance to energy, was very different from Meng Changjun, who advocated respecting the virtuous and valuing the talented during the Warring States Period. Meng Changjun also attaches great importance to energy, but he attaches great importance to energy from a personal point of view. Whether Feng Xuan built three caves for him or a confidant walked out of danger for him, he only valued the private energy of talents for his own personal gain; Guan Zhong is completely different. He recommended these five masters and attached great importance to their public ability and great ability to serve the public interests of the country. The advantages and disadvantages of the two are self-evident. Paying attention to the advantages of employing people is the most important part of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people. Employing people is the most direct thought when Guan Zhong recommended five outstanding figures to Huan Gong. In Guan Zhong's view, talents vary greatly. Prince Cheng's father is a military talent, so it is difficult for you to let him do diplomacy. Bao is honest and frank, so he can supervise and make trouble with foreign countries every day when he is engaged in diplomacy. Therefore, it is the key to career development to put talents in the right position and let them give full play to their talents. In Guan Zhong's view, a person can't be perfect, and there must be advantages and disadvantages. A leader should not only put talents in the right position, but also pay attention to vigorously publicize and give play to his own advantages and strengths. Guan Zhong didn't put forward the pros and cons in the conversation of recommending five outstanding men to Huan Gong, and made a seemingly fair illusion. Instead, he praised the strengths of five people sincerely and enthusiastically, and was full of trust and expectation for five excellent men, which made a positive foreshadowing hint for the final appointment of Huan Gong, the highest decision maker. What's more commendable is that in order to convince Huan Gong of his recommendation, he even used five "I am not as good as" to strengthen Huan Gong's attention to the five outstanding figures, which can be described as full of sincerity. Judging from the outstanding performance of the five masters in their respective posts, Guan Zhong, as a leader, gave full play to their respective strengths and advantages, which need not be repeated, because the facts are enough to prove everything. On the basis of long-term investigation and comparative analysis of talents, it is the essence of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people to make an objective evaluation of talents. As the saying goes, knowing people is the premise and guarantee of selecting and employing people. From Guan Zhong's talk of recommending five Jie to Huan Gong and his outstanding performance later, it can be said that Guan Zhong has a complete understanding of his character, talent and morality, and he really has a good eye for people. Guan Zhong's meticulous, profound and accurate understanding of people is based on his long-term observation and comparative analysis of talents. We don't rule out Guan Zhong's intuition and talent, but Guan Zhong is not a god. The reason why he knows the five masters so thoroughly is mainly because he has done a lot of investigations and interviews in advance, collected a lot of information and made a correct judgment on the basis of in-depth thinking and comparative analysis. Although Guan Zhong's predecessor was in Lu, he didn't know much about Qi at that time, but before going to Lu, Guan Zhong had a comprehensive grasp of the domestic situation. In order to seek hegemony, Guan Zhong paid attention to collecting information on talents in all aspects and established a talent information database in his mind very early. Otherwise, it is impossible to know the situation of domestic talents as soon as you return to China and choose the best candidates. Accurately positioning the relationship between self and talent is an advanced part of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people. Guan Zhong recommended Wu Jie to Huan Gong at the end of the conversation, which was very intriguing. According to the general practice, since you are recommending others and talking about your own advantages, don't compliment yourself at last, but Guan Zhong didn't. On the one hand, he highly affirmed the talents of the Five Masters, and thought that they could make Qi Fu and Fu. On the other hand, he highly affirmed his talent and thought that only he could help Huan Gong realize hegemony. Is Guan Zhong arrogant and boastful? Is Guan Zhong afraid that Huan Gong just listened to the gap between himself and the five outstanding men in five aspects, so as to doubt his own talent, and finally planted the foreshadowing of the art of conversation and finally set himself off? I think the answer isno. In Guan Zhong's view, saying that others are good does not mean that others are poor. The relationship between talent and self is not antagonistic, but compatible. Guan Zhong not only objectively analyzed the advantages of others, but also objectively analyzed his own advantages, thinking that he had made five outstanding achievements in macro-control, overall control and overall consideration. In this way, the relationship between self and talents is straightened out, the responsibilities and obligations of self and talents are distinguished, the obstacles of interpersonal relationship are cleared for the next step of the overall project, and good conditions are created for themselves and the five outstanding people to perform their duties. Undoubtedly, employing people is the most successful part of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people. From Wu Jie's outstanding achievements, outstanding performance and outstanding contributions after taking office, it can be seen that Guan Zhong is not suspicious of employing people and is good at giving full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of talents in the process of using talents. Guan Zhong seems to have no or little desire for power and jealousy, and less intervention in the specific work of his subordinates. According to the general idea, as the prime minister of Qi State, he should lead a delegation to participate in such major events as joining the vassal alliance and mediating international disputes. Doing so can not only improve his popularity, but also prove his achievements. But Guan Zhong didn't do that, but appointed his friends to attend. In Guan Zhong's view, an outstanding leader who does not take credit or strive for credit at critical moments is not only a matter of noble personal quality, but also a matter of work style and leadership wisdom with the overall situation in mind and promoting career development. Guan Zhong didn't go in person. Apart from important domestic events, the important reason is that he thinks Peng Ji is the foreign minister and he should be independent. Peng Ji's diplomatic ability is outstanding. On his own, he can successfully complete the task within the established foreign policy framework. The management must be managed, and the subordinates should be managed if they should not; Do what you can manage, what belongs to your responsibilities, and others will never interfere with what you manage better than yourself, which belongs to your responsibilities-this is Guan Zhong's subordinate view. Later, Guan Zhong spoke highly of Peng Ji, thinking that he should say what not to say, and he was well aware of his responsibilities. It can also be seen from the side that Guan Zhong's view of subordinates is brilliant. On the issue of treating subordinates, Zou Ji and Zhuge Liang are in sharp contrast with Guan Zhong. Zou Ji is very jealous. He could not tolerate that Tian Ji's military talents were above himself, nor could he tolerate that Tian Ji disagreed with himself on the specific issues of sending troops to save Zhao and South Korea. He didn't put the overall situation first, and didn't bridge the contradiction between himself and his subordinates. Instead, he tried his best to rob Tian Ji, until Tian Ji was cornered and lived in Chunan. This is a far cry from Guan Zhong's frankness, generosity, and indisputable merits with friends and friends. Zhuge Liang is more virtuous than Zou Ji. He is cautious, intelligent, loyal and dedicated, but he has made many mistakes in employing people. He is not suspicious of employing people, but decisively guarding Jingzhou with Guan Yu and guarding the street kiosks with Ma Su. What was the result? Jingzhou fell, Jieting fell, Guan Yu was discredited, and Ma Su became a scapegoat. It's not that he doesn't doubt that he is correct in employing people, but that he is biased in his judgment. It is right to let talents freely display their talents, but the basis should be a comprehensive understanding of talents and a foresight of whether they can succeed. There is no doubt that Guan Zhong used Peng Ji because he had a comprehensive understanding of Peng Ji and foresaw his success. As a result, Peng Ji succeeded, which confirmed the correctness of Guan Zhong's employment. Zhuge Liang used Guan Yu to fail to estimate the harm caused by his arrogance, and used Ma Su to fail to estimate the negative impact caused by his headstrong and divorced theory from reality. As a result, the failure of Guan Yu and Ma Su proved Zhuge Liang's failure in employing people. It should be said that Zhuge Liang is fair, but his hands-on work actually curbed the enthusiasm and creativity of his subordinates in a sense. Obviously a military theorist, he couldn't do it in military practice, but he insisted on taking the lead and went out of Qishan six times. As a result, there is a shortage of military commanders, and there is an embarrassing situation that "there is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer". Wei Yanming put forward a feasible plan to leave the meridian valley. Zhuge Liang not only failed to praise the cleverness of his subordinates, but also suspected that he was up to something. This is quite different from Guan Zhong's letting Prince Cheng's father take charge of the army and accepting Bao's advice humbly. We believe that good employment performance is undoubtedly the concentrated expression of a leader's excellent comprehensive quality. In this respect, Guan Zhong can be described as a real model. It is wise to study history. From Guan Zhong's recommendation and outstanding historical facts, we can fully feel the wisdom and profundity of Guan Zhong's thought of employing people and enhance our understanding of employing people. The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future While we sincerely admire the leadership art of our ancestors, we are also trying to reflect on our own problems in employing people.