What is penicillin extracted from?

Penicillin is extracted from Penicillium mold. Penicillium is a eukaryotic cell of fungi. Belongs to the subphylum Ascomycota, not entire cystic fungi, cysticomycetes, cysticomycetes, Penicillium genus. Between sexual reproduction stage.

Mycelium is multicellular and branched. Asexual reproduction, mycelium occurs erect multicellular conidiophore peduncle. The tip of the peduncle is not expanded, but has finger-like branches that can continue to be re-branched, with 2-3 bottle-shaped cells at the tip of each branch, each of which bears a string of gray-green conidia.

After the conidia are shed, they germinate under the right conditions to produce new individuals. Sexual reproduction is extremely rare. Commonly found on decaying fruits, vegetables, meat and clothing, mostly gray-green.

Extended information

Penicillin used in the clinic is the early 40's, people carry out a lot of research on penicillin and then found some penicillin, when people and penicillin chemical modification, got some effective semi-synthetic penicillin, 70's from the microbial metabolite found some parent nucleus and penicillin similar also contain β-lactam ring, but does not have a tetrahydrothiazole ring structure of penicillins, can be divided into three generations.

The first generation of penicillin refers to natural penicillin, such as penicillin G (benzylpenicillin); the second generation of penicillin refers to the penicillin mother nucleus - 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), change the side chain and get semi-synthetic penicillin, such as methicillin, carboxybenzylpenicillin, ampicillin Penicillin; the third generation of penicillin is the mother nucleus structure with the same β-lactam ring as penicillin, but does not have a tetrahydrothiazole ring, such as thiamphenicol, nucamycin.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Penicillin

Baidu Encyclopedia-Penicillin